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Oudenaarde, Belgium: jobs, air quality [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/be/oudenaarde/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "bibtex": "@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_oudenaarde-belgium-jobs-air-quality_7f73d0621e60,\n author = {ImmigrationDB},\n title = {Oudenaarde, Belgium: jobs, air quality},\n publisher = {ImmigrationDB},\n year = {2026},\n date = {2026-09-12},\n version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},\n snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},\n url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/be/oudenaarde/},\n note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n}", "markdown": "[Oudenaarde, Belgium: jobs, air quality](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/be/oudenaarde/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12." }, "boundary_note": "This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. 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The same NIS5 code identifies the Federal Police municipality PDF and the Statbel denominator; no locality or parent transfer.", "identity_status": "deterministic_exact_current_export_municipality_statbel_nis5_and_police_commune", "statbel_name_fr": "Hamme", "statbel_name_nl": "Hamme", "police_pdf_pages": 126, "crosswalk_artifact": "official source archive", "current_export_line": 679, "current_export_official": true, "police_pdf_commune_name": "Hamme", "crosswalk_artifact_sha256": "3dd8879be2c02bfffae637905b23e0c96d3d1cddafac1b69a193e26275aabe34", "candidate_identity_evidence": { "name": "Hamme", "status": "accepted", "place_id": "city:be:geonames:2796637", "region_id": null, "country_code": "BE", "official_key": null, "official_type": "municipality", "current_place_export_line": 679, "current_place_export_sha256": "e5e565221a5ad50e9a00cecc84d1fb773d0f01fe4b38a28b61bbe33bfb1ad44c" }, "current_export_official_type": "municipality", "current_export_identity_mapping_method": "unique_normalized_name_crosswalk" }, "raw_artifact_sha256s": { "official source archive": "cd61be17f061416a238bc962548c2645b9ac37389530cb9ac7667e37e89f5c71", "official source archive": "33910ea36437e39cfffd82ad82c759a2a8d1f2ab7662d45ce71c8ec9f336716c", "official source archive": "3dd8879be2c02bfffae637905b23e0c96d3d1cddafac1b69a193e26275aabe34" } }, "source_quality": "verified", "status": "current", "admitted_at": "2026-08-28T21:08:10.890431+00:00", "source_records": [ { "title": "statbel.fgov.be recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "statbel.fgov.be", "source_id": "source-377c5eebf54f", "source_url": "https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/opendata/bevolking%20naar%20woonplaats%2C%20nationaliteit%20burgelijke%20staat%20%2C%20leeftijd%20en%20geslacht/TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025.zip", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" }, { "title": "police.be recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "police.be", "source_id": "source-01450445b1b6", "source_url": "https://www.police.be/statistiques/sites/statspol/files/statistics_files_upload/Criminalit%C3%A9%20-%20Criminaliteit/2025/2025_T04/crimi_fr/06_Par%20commune/09_Oost-Vlaanderen/Oost_Vlaanderen_Hamme_fr.pdf", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" } ], "city": "/cities/be/hamme/" }, { "fact_id": "source-078d1e804e1d", "entity_id": "city:be:geonames:2795985", "country_code": "BE", "metric_id": "crime_incidents_per_100k", "crime_category": "total", "value": 5028.2, "unit": "offences/100k", "observed_period": "2025", "source_family": "Police fédérale SPC municipal PDF 2025 + Statbel TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025", "offence_scope": "Federal Police municipal table Part I judicial offences: Nombre total des délits recorded at municipality of occurrence; local police-regulation violations excluded", "geography": "exact Belgian municipality of occurrence", "grain": "municipality", "denominator_method": "official Statbel population at 2025-01-01 for exact Belgian NIS5 municipality, summed over all sex, nationality, civil-status and age cells", "cohort_id": "cohort-police-f-d-rale-spc-municipal-pdf-2025-statbel-tf-soc-pop-struct-2025-total-2025-d17b814fa3fa", "source_ids": [ "source-273523b3a986", "source-377c5eebf54f" ], "evidence": { "numerator": 650, "denominator": 12927, "source_locators": [ "Federal Police municipal PDF p.3: municipality=Herk-de-Stad, Part I judicial offences, row=Nombre total des délits, year=2025, value=650; PDF publication date/cut-off=24/04/2026", "Statbel TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025.txt: CD_REFNIS=71024, names=[('Herk-de-Stad', 'Herck-la-Ville')], cells=768, sum(MS_POPULATION)=12927, observed_period=2025-01-01; exact calculation=650/12927*100000" ], "identity_evidence": { "place_id": "city:be:geonames:2795985", "nis5_code": "71024", "place_name": "Herk-de-Stad", "identity_guard": "Current target is an exact municipality. The same NIS5 code identifies the Federal Police municipality PDF and the Statbel denominator; no locality or parent transfer.", "identity_status": "deterministic_exact_current_export_municipality_statbel_nis5_and_police_commune", "statbel_name_fr": "Herck-la-Ville", "statbel_name_nl": "Herk-de-Stad", "police_pdf_pages": 113, "crosswalk_artifact": "official source archive", "current_export_line": 670, "current_export_official": true, "police_pdf_commune_name": "Herk-de-Stad", "crosswalk_artifact_sha256": "3dd8879be2c02bfffae637905b23e0c96d3d1cddafac1b69a193e26275aabe34", "candidate_identity_evidence": { "name": "Herk-de-Stad", "status": "accepted", "place_id": "city:be:geonames:2795985", "region_id": null, "country_code": "BE", "official_key": null, "official_type": "municipality", "current_place_export_line": 670, "current_place_export_sha256": "e5e565221a5ad50e9a00cecc84d1fb773d0f01fe4b38a28b61bbe33bfb1ad44c" }, "current_export_official_type": "municipality", "current_export_identity_mapping_method": "unique_normalized_name_crosswalk" }, "raw_artifact_sha256s": { "official source archive": "33910ea36437e39cfffd82ad82c759a2a8d1f2ab7662d45ce71c8ec9f336716c", "official source archive": "fa0e860eb5b70b1322365b12838417f3a029fea476382f68a28843404a7f36a3", "official source archive": "3dd8879be2c02bfffae637905b23e0c96d3d1cddafac1b69a193e26275aabe34" } }, "source_quality": "verified", "status": "current", "admitted_at": "2026-08-28T21:08:10.890431+00:00", "source_records": [ { "title": "police.be recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "police.be", "source_id": "source-273523b3a986", "source_url": "https://www.police.be/statistiques/sites/statspol/files/statistics_files_upload/Criminalit%C3%A9%20-%20Criminaliteit/2025/2025_T04/crimi_fr/06_Par%20commune/06_Limburg/Limburg_Herk_de_Stad_fr.pdf", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" }, { "title": "statbel.fgov.be recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "statbel.fgov.be", "source_id": "source-377c5eebf54f", "source_url": "https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/opendata/bevolking%20naar%20woonplaats%2C%20nationaliteit%20burgelijke%20staat%20%2C%20leeftijd%20en%20geslacht/TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025.zip", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" } ], "city": "/cities/be/herk-de-stad/" }, { "fact_id": "source-41704cc822d2", "entity_id": "city:be:geonames:2785778", "country_code": "BE", "metric_id": "crime_incidents_per_100k", "crime_category": "total", "value": 5554.7, "unit": "offences/100k", "observed_period": "2025", "source_family": "Police fédérale SPC municipal PDF 2025 + Statbel TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025", "offence_scope": "Federal Police municipal table Part I judicial offences: Nombre total des délits recorded at municipality of occurrence; local police-regulation violations excluded", "geography": "exact Belgian municipality of occurrence", "grain": "municipality", "denominator_method": "official Statbel population at 2025-01-01 for exact Belgian NIS5 municipality, summed over all sex, nationality, civil-status and age cells", "cohort_id": "cohort-police-f-d-rale-spc-municipal-pdf-2025-statbel-tf-soc-pop-struct-2025-total-2025-d17b814fa3fa", "source_ids": [ "source-41cd0d489380", "source-377c5eebf54f" ], "evidence": { "numerator": 1756, "denominator": 31613, "source_locators": [ "Federal Police municipal PDF p.3: municipality=Temse, Part I judicial offences, row=Nombre total des délits, year=2025, value=1756; PDF publication date/cut-off=24/04/2026", "Statbel TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025.txt: CD_REFNIS=46025, names=[('Temse', 'Tamise')], cells=960, sum(MS_POPULATION)=31613, observed_period=2025-01-01; exact calculation=1756/31613*100000" ], "identity_evidence": { "place_id": "city:be:geonames:2785778", "nis5_code": "46025", "place_name": "Temse", "identity_guard": "Current target is an exact municipality. The same NIS5 code identifies the Federal Police municipality PDF and the Statbel denominator; no locality or parent transfer.", "identity_status": "deterministic_exact_current_export_municipality_statbel_nis5_and_police_commune", "statbel_name_fr": "Tamise", "statbel_name_nl": "Temse", "police_pdf_pages": 127, "crosswalk_artifact": "official source archive", "current_export_line": 500, "current_export_official": true, "police_pdf_commune_name": "Temse", "crosswalk_artifact_sha256": "3dd8879be2c02bfffae637905b23e0c96d3d1cddafac1b69a193e26275aabe34", "candidate_identity_evidence": { "name": "Temse", "status": "accepted", "place_id": "city:be:geonames:2785778", "region_id": null, "country_code": "BE", "official_key": null, "official_type": "municipality", "current_place_export_line": 500, "current_place_export_sha256": "e5e565221a5ad50e9a00cecc84d1fb773d0f01fe4b38a28b61bbe33bfb1ad44c" }, "current_export_official_type": "municipality", "current_export_identity_mapping_method": "unique_normalized_name_crosswalk" }, "raw_artifact_sha256s": { "official source archive": "97fe5ec8a9975f74018c19bd61d79ad82c068f0936fb6229976909675ea1b52d", "official source archive": "33910ea36437e39cfffd82ad82c759a2a8d1f2ab7662d45ce71c8ec9f336716c", "official source archive": "3dd8879be2c02bfffae637905b23e0c96d3d1cddafac1b69a193e26275aabe34" } }, "source_quality": "verified", "status": "current", "admitted_at": "2026-08-28T21:08:10.890431+00:00", "source_records": [ { "title": "statbel.fgov.be recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "statbel.fgov.be", "source_id": "source-377c5eebf54f", "source_url": "https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/opendata/bevolking%20naar%20woonplaats%2C%20nationaliteit%20burgelijke%20staat%20%2C%20leeftijd%20en%20geslacht/TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025.zip", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" }, { "title": "police.be recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "police.be", "source_id": "source-41cd0d489380", "source_url": "https://www.police.be/statistiques/sites/statspol/files/statistics_files_upload/Criminalit%C3%A9%20-%20Criminaliteit/2025/2025_T04/crimi_fr/06_Par%20commune/09_Oost-Vlaanderen/Oost_Vlaanderen_Temse_fr.pdf", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" } ], "city": "/cities/be/temse-vlg-vov/" } ], "higher_recorded_places": 16 }, "questions": [ { "question": "Which comparable places record less crime than Oudenaarde?", "answer": "7 places have a lower recorded total crime rate than Oudenaarde in this strictly source-matched cohort. The comparison uses Police fédérale SPC municipal PDF 2025 + Statbel TF_SOC_POP_STRUCT_2025, period 2025, and does not compare across incompatible police definitions." } ] }, "country_rules_url": "/countries/belgium/", "answers": [ { "answer_id": "answer:city:be:oudenaarde:population-current", "slot_id": "city.population.current", "answer_type": "direct_metric", "status": "supported", "question": "How many people live in Oudenaarde?", "direct_answer": "The published population was 32,930 people in 2025.", "qualifier": "City-scope resident count. Density, foreign-resident counts and the country-wide figure are separate rows in the table below.", "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "2025", "captured_at": "2026-08-04" }, "value": { "raw_value": 32930, "normalized_value": 32930, "machine_value": 32930, "display_value": "32,930", "unit": "people", "format_profile_id": "people.count.answer.whole.v1", "approximation_label": null }, "format_profile_id": "people.count.answer.whole.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-62263aa8f604", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "population_total" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "d5d917a1e0a19467958915a857a3b59f0ea83f86efa3c3e0df9e19faaeb4e229" }, { "answer_id": "answer:city:be:oudenaarde:air_quality-pm25_annual", "slot_id": "city.air_quality.pm25_annual", "answer_type": "direct_metric", "status": "supported", "question": "Is the air quality good in Oudenaarde?", "direct_answer": "The annual PM2.5 mean is 9 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.", "qualifier": "Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.", "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "2024", "captured_at": "2026-08-06" }, "value": { "raw_value": 9, "normalized_value": 9, "machine_value": 9, "display_value": "9", "unit": "µg/m³", "format_profile_id": "concentration.ugm3.annual.1dp.v1", "approximation_label": null }, "format_profile_id": "concentration.ugm3.annual.1dp.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-19d349b23c3e", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "22fdcf2cd3800d0e289243465a6ff3932fd8999c240a12a9cf1e679b5a575736" }, { "answer_id": "answer:city:be:oudenaarde:unemployment-current", "slot_id": "city.unemployment.current", "answer_type": "direct_metric", "status": "supported", "question": "What is the unemployment rate in Oudenaarde?", "direct_answer": "The unemployment rate is about 3.9 % (2011).", "qualifier": null, "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "2011", "captured_at": "2026-08-26" }, "value": { "raw_value": 3.89, "normalized_value": 3.89, "machine_value": 3.89, "display_value": "3.9", "unit": "%", "format_profile_id": "percent.1dp.answer.v1", "approximation_label": "about" }, "format_profile_id": "percent.1dp.answer.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-839de2ca660c", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "a7752e9b697d05a83c2b5b787404aad97b93f3da82dd940c7070631cc1f48181" } ] } }