{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-6fbe9b847dfeb5d6",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-16",
  "canonical_path": "/cities/de/berlin/",
  "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/de/berlin",
  "city": {
    "entity_id": "city:de:ags:11000000",
    "name": "Berlin",
    "country_code": "DE",
    "public_slug": "berlin",
    "canonical_path": "/cities/de/berlin/",
    "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/de/berlin",
    "page_state": "published",
    "useful_blocks": [
      "climate_air",
      "demographics",
      "housing",
      "mobility_admin",
      "safety",
      "work_income",
      "cost_living"
    ],
    "useful_fact_count": 26,
    "city_tags": [
      "capital",
      "million_plus",
      "migration_hub",
      "digital_nomad_hub",
      "economic_hub"
    ],
    "facts_by_block": {
      "climate_air": [
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 15.255,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "umweltbundesamt_air_data_api",
          "source_url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2",
          "source_title": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API — air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm10_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 18.089,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "umweltbundesamt_air_data_api",
          "source_url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2",
          "source_title": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API — air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 11.314,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "umweltbundesamt_air_data_api",
          "source_url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2",
          "source_title": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API — air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "temp_mean_annual_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 10,
          "unit": "degC",
          "geographic_scope": "land",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-06-05T00:00:00Z",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "dwd_climate_normal_1991_2020",
          "source_url": "https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/grids_germany/multi_annual/",
          "source_title": "DWD Climate Data Center — Klimanormal 1991-2020, Jahresmittel Lufttemperatur 2m (1×1 km Raster)",
          "source_authority": "DWD Climate Data Center — Klimanormal 1991-2020, Jahresmittel Lufttemperatur 2m (1×1 km Raster)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "cost_living": [
        {
          "metric_id": "gawc_connectivity_class",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": "Beta+",
          "unit": "gawc_class",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "gawc_world_cities_2020",
          "source_url": "https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020.html",
          "source_title": "GaWC World Cities 2020",
          "source_authority": "existing v2 source",
          "source_type": "independent",
          "source_badge": "Independent source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "religion_catholic_people",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 272397,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality",
          "source_authority": "official authority",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "religion_catholic_percent",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 7.6,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality",
          "source_authority": "official authority",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "religion_other_no_religion_people",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 2837114,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality",
          "source_authority": "official authority",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "religion_other_no_religion_percent",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 78.9,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality",
          "source_authority": "official authority",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "religion_protestant_people",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 487488,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality",
          "source_authority": "official authority",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "religion_protestant_percent",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 13.6,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality",
          "source_authority": "official authority",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "demographics": [
        {
          "metric_id": "car_density_per_1000",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 330,
          "unit": "cars/1000 residents",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-06-05",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "kba_fz3_2026",
          "source_url": "https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Produktkatalog/produkte/Fahrzeuge/fz3_b_uebersicht.html",
          "source_title": "Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt — FZ 3 vehicle stock by municipality — car_density_per_1000",
          "source_authority": "Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt — FZ 3 vehicle stock by municipality",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "city_area_km2",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 891.8,
          "unit": "km2",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2022-05-15",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-31",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_gemeindeverzeichnis",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/_inhalt.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis",
          "source_authority": "Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "foreign_population_total",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 994590,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_foreign_population_2025",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-Integration/Tables/foreigner-laender-time-serie.html",
          "source_title": "Destatis — foreign population by Land and years",
          "source_authority": "Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "population_total",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 3701307,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-11-30",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "berlin_brandenburg_population_2025h11",
          "source_url": "https://download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/3b92513598630625/a5e5ae0c3a62/SB_A01-07_00_2025m11_BE.pdf",
          "source_title": "Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg — SB_A01-07_00_2025m11_BE.pdf",
          "source_authority": "Berlin, Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "housing": [
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_current_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 6.067,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-05-27",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "umweltbundesamt_air_data_api",
          "source_url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2",
          "source_title": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API — air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm10_current_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 20.083,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-05-26",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "umweltbundesamt_air_data_api",
          "source_url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2",
          "source_title": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API — air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_current_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 7.833,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-05-26",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "umweltbundesamt_air_data_api",
          "source_url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2",
          "source_title": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API — air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Umweltbundesamt Air Data API",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "rent_avg_nettokalt_eur_per_m2_month",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 7.71,
          "unit": "EUR/m2/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-09-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-06-14",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "berlin_mietspiegel_2026",
          "source_url": "https://mietspiegel.berlin.de/",
          "source_title": "Berlin Senate — Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung, Bauen und Wohnen — Berliner Mietspiegel 2026",
          "source_authority": "Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "identity": [
        {
          "metric_id": "population_density_per_km2",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 4135.542912,
          "unit": "people/km2",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "destatis_gemeindeverzeichnis_2024_derived_density",
          "source_url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/Archiv/GVAuszugJ/31122024_Auszug_GV.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=2",
          "source_title": "Official municipality population divided by official municipality area from the same Destatis row.",
          "source_authority": "Destatis",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "mobility_admin": [
        {
          "metric_id": "nearest_airport_iata",
          "block_id": "mobility_admin",
          "value": "BER",
          "unit": "code",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-06-13",
          "verified_at": "2026-06-13",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ourairports_airports_csv",
          "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv",
          "source_title": "OurAirports — airports.csv — nearest_airport_iata",
          "source_authority": "OurAirports — airports.csv",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "nearest_airport_km",
          "block_id": "mobility_admin",
          "value": 18.8,
          "unit": "km",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-06-13",
          "verified_at": "2026-06-13",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ourairports_airports_csv",
          "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv",
          "source_title": "OurAirports — airports.csv — nearest_airport_iata",
          "source_authority": "OurAirports — airports.csv",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "safety": [
        {
          "metric_id": "crime_incidents_per_100k",
          "block_id": "safety",
          "value": 12882.10944116106,
          "unit": "incidents/100k residents",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "polizei_berlin_kp_xlsx",
          "source_url": "https://www.kriminalitaetsatlas.berlin.de/K-Atlas/bezirke/Fallzahlen&HZ%202016-2025.xlsx",
          "source_title": "Polizei Berlin / Kriminalitätsatlas Berlin — Fallzahlen_2025",
          "source_authority": "Berlin, Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "crime_incidents_total",
          "block_id": "safety",
          "value": 502743,
          "unit": "incidents",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "polizei_berlin_kp_xlsx",
          "source_url": "https://www.kriminalitaetsatlas.berlin.de/K-Atlas/bezirke/Fallzahlen&HZ%202016-2025.xlsx",
          "source_title": "Polizei Berlin / Kriminalitätsatlas Berlin — Fallzahlen_2025",
          "source_authority": "Berlin, Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "work_income": [
        {
          "metric_id": "salary_median_gross_city_eur_month",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 4250,
          "unit": "EUR/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-06-04",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ba_entgeltatlas",
          "source_url": "https://web.arbeitsagentur.de/entgeltatlas/",
          "source_title": "Bundesagentur fuer Arbeit Entgeltatlas — salary_median_gross_city_eur_month",
          "source_authority": "Bundesagentur fuer Arbeit Entgeltatlas",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 10.2,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-11-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-05-28",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ba_berlin_unternehmensmonitor",
          "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/rd-bb/presse/2025-14-weiter-stagnation-am-arbeitsmarkt-in-berlin-und-brandenburg",
          "source_title": "Bundesagentur für Arbeit Berlin-Brandenburg — Weiter Stagnation am Arbeitsmarkt in Berlin und Brandenburg",
          "source_authority": "Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}