{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-12",
  "citation": {
    "@type": "CreativeWork",
    "@id": "https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/#citation",
    "schema_version": "immigrationdb-citation-v1",
    "citation_type": "ImmigrationDB compilation",
    "canonical_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/",
    "title": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont, France: climate",
    "author": {
      "name": "ImmigrationDB",
      "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/"
    },
    "publisher": {
      "name": "ImmigrationDB",
      "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/"
    },
    "snapshot_id": "approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0",
    "version": "approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0",
    "retrieval_date": "2026-09-12",
    "build_date": "2026-09-12",
    "compilation_license": {
      "name": "CC BY 4.0",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "terms_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/"
    },
    "formats": {
      "apa": "ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont, France: climate [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "bibtex": "@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_paris-19-buttes-chaumont-france-climate_5118404913ce,\n  author = {ImmigrationDB},\n  title = {Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont, France: climate},\n  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},\n  year = {2026},\n  date = {2026-09-12},\n  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},\n  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},\n  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/},\n  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n}",
      "markdown": "[Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont, France: climate](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12."
    },
    "boundary_note": "This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately."
  },
  "underlying_source_references": [
    {
      "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:40cadfa1d9389e101a2a99ed648a710f",
      "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D%27FR%27%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json",
      "source_title": "Collected source",
      "publisher": "Collected source",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-05"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:de3bfc7c93bc42b3edb54157a5105659",
      "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMAX.csv",
      "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "publisher": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-06"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:dc97aa1dc7e39b70427bbcc4b52bf081",
      "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMIN.csv",
      "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "publisher": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-06"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:5660fad1956c1bef63a95b34be9cfd60",
      "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TAVG.csv",
      "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "publisher": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-06"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:9c640c101a32b20fefefb1ba70369ab3",
      "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_PRCP.csv",
      "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "publisher": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-06"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:e51786d06be46f1867bd002617847328",
      "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TSUN.csv",
      "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "publisher": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-06"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-ebfb01adf8cd",
      "source_url": "https://data.education.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/fr-en-annuaire-education/api/",
      "source_title": "Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-a339611ecaf3",
      "source_url": "https://data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/fr-esr-principaux-etablissements-enseignement-superieur/api/",
      "source_title": "Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-4e7d55f2c3dd",
      "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv",
      "source_title": "OurAirports",
      "publisher": "OurAirports",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-c2b4a0bb7b2b",
      "source_url": "https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/lau/geojson/LAU_RG_01M_2024_4326.geojson",
      "source_title": "gisco-services.ec.europa.eu place coordinates",
      "publisher": "gisco-services.ec.europa.eu place coordinates",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-28"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-abb40b5a743f",
      "source_url": "https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F17450",
      "source_title": "Service-Public page: CIR, OFII language test and possible French-language training for eligible participants.",
      "publisher": "service-public.fr",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-00e9c2d256d8",
      "source_url": "https://reseau.intercariforef.org/formations/recherche-formations-dian.html",
      "source_title": "Réseau des Carif-Oref DIAN training-search route captured with its training-search form.",
      "publisher": "reseau.intercariforef.org",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-b489c66ee94a",
      "source_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/article/contact-cours-francais?langue=fr",
      "source_title": "France Éducation international page directing users to French courses and Qualité FLE-labelled centres.",
      "publisher": "france-education-international.fr",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-8bd70e6adeac",
      "source_url": "https://www.francetravail.fr/candidat/",
      "source_title": "France Travail",
      "publisher": "France Travail",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "task-647-648-country-region-admission-01:source:0036e31e872e7c1d2ca5d49e422f2452",
      "source_url": "https://www.ameli.fr/assure/droits-demarches/principes/protection-universelle-maladie",
      "source_title": "ameli.fr — Assurance Maladie (CNAM)",
      "publisher": "ameli.fr",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-e856b2190c2a",
      "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204622",
      "source_title": "Coordinate identity evidence",
      "publisher": "Coordinate identity evidence",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-06"
    }
  ],
  "canonical_path": "/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/",
  "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont",
  "editorial_copy": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-08-08",
    "copy_depth": "city_standard",
    "blocks": {
      "intro": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont is a city in France.",
      "climate_lead": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont's monthly mean temperatures were 5.4°C in January and 20.9°C in July. Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont's monthly precipitation totalled 47.6 mm in January and 59.4 mm in July. Average monthly sunshine totalled 59 hours in January and 222 hours in July.",
      "mobility_lead": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont's nearest major airport was 10 km away."
    },
    "used_claim_count": 4,
    "uses_supplemental_cd": false
  },
  "city": {
    "coordinates": {
      "coordinate_id": "source-70b0a21a9c9f",
      "latitude": 48.88235,
      "longitude": 2.381822222,
      "source_id": "source-e856b2190c2a",
      "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204622",
      "source_locator": "P1566 exact lookup (3029372; Wikidata lexical value 3029372); P625",
      "source_quality": "verified",
      "observed_at": "2026-09-06",
      "verified_at": "2026-09-06",
      "method": "registry_wikidata_cross_reference",
      "identity_property": "P1566",
      "identity_key": "3029372",
      "wikidata_qid": "Q204622"
    },
    "entity_id": "city:fr:geonames:3029372",
    "name": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont",
    "country_code": "FR",
    "public_slug": "paris-19-buttes-chaumont",
    "canonical_path": "/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/",
    "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont",
    "page_state": "published",
    "usefulness": {
      "policy": "city_usefulness_v1",
      "has_reviewed_copy": true,
      "valid_slug": true,
      "counts": {
        "ab_facts": 10,
        "metrics": 10,
        "source_blocks": 4,
        "decision_domains": 3,
        "answer_intents": 1,
        "fresh_facts": 10
      },
      "answer_intents": [
        "family"
      ],
      "decision_domains": [
        "environment",
        "family",
        "mobility"
      ],
      "requirements": {
        "metrics": true,
        "source_blocks": true,
        "decision_domains": true,
        "answer_intents": true,
        "fresh_facts": true
      },
      "base_floor_passed": true,
      "tier": "answer_linked",
      "indexable": true,
      "internal_link_kind": "typed_relationship",
      "structured_context_count": 1,
      "missing_requirements": []
    },
    "useful_blocks": [
      "climate_air",
      "mobility_admin",
      "family_education",
      "other"
    ],
    "useful_fact_count": 11,
    "city_tags": [],
    "profile_scores": {
      "remote": {
        "point": 55,
        "low": 40,
        "high": 70,
        "factors": {
          "education": 2,
          "employment_service": 82,
          "family": 2,
          "language_integration": 82,
          "legal_path": 88
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "estimated_fits",
          "currency": "EUR",
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": 481,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": "country_median_estimate"
        },
        "coverage": 0.1385,
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "coverage_status": "capped",
        "missing_factors": [
          "air",
          "cost_pressure",
          "healthcare_capacity",
          "healthcare_migrant_access",
          "housing",
          "safety",
          "tax_retention",
          "work"
        ],
        "country_context": {
          "employment_service": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 0.75,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "language_integration": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 0.5,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "legal_path": {
            "score": 88,
            "weight": 1,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          }
        }
      },
      "skilled_employee": {
        "point": 55,
        "low": 43,
        "high": 67,
        "factors": {
          "education": 2,
          "employment_service": 82,
          "family": 2,
          "language_integration": 82,
          "legal_path": 88,
          "tax_retention": 72
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "estimated_fits",
          "currency": "EUR",
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": 481,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": "country_median_estimate"
        },
        "coverage": 0.4444,
        "confidence": 0.8,
        "coverage_status": "usable",
        "missing_factors": [
          "healthcare_capacity",
          "healthcare_migrant_access",
          "housing",
          "safety",
          "work"
        ],
        "country_context": {
          "employment_service": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 1,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "language_integration": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 1,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "legal_path": {
            "score": 88,
            "weight": 2,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "tax_retention": {
            "score": 72,
            "weight": 2,
            "confidence": 0.5,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          }
        }
      },
      "family": {
        "point": 38,
        "low": 27,
        "high": 49,
        "factors": {
          "education": 2,
          "employment_service": 82,
          "family": 2,
          "language_integration": 82,
          "legal_path": 88
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "estimated_fits",
          "currency": "EUR",
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": 481,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": "country_median_estimate"
        },
        "coverage": 0.4857,
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "coverage_status": "usable",
        "missing_factors": [
          "cost_pressure",
          "healthcare_capacity",
          "healthcare_migrant_access",
          "housing",
          "safety"
        ],
        "country_context": {
          "employment_service": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 0.5,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "language_integration": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 1,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "legal_path": {
            "score": 88,
            "weight": 1,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          }
        }
      },
      "student": {
        "point": 45,
        "low": 33,
        "high": 57,
        "factors": {
          "education": 2,
          "employment_service": 82,
          "family": 2,
          "language_integration": 82,
          "legal_path": 88
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "estimated_fits",
          "currency": "EUR",
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": 481,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": "country_median_estimate"
        },
        "coverage": 0.4118,
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "coverage_status": "usable",
        "missing_factors": [
          "cost_pressure",
          "healthcare_capacity",
          "healthcare_migrant_access",
          "housing",
          "safety",
          "work"
        ],
        "country_context": {
          "employment_service": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 0,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "language_integration": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 1,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "legal_path": {
            "score": 88,
            "weight": 2,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          }
        }
      },
      "retirement": {
        "point": 55,
        "low": 40,
        "high": 70,
        "factors": {
          "education": 2,
          "employment_service": 82,
          "family": 2,
          "language_integration": 82,
          "legal_path": 88
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "estimated_fits",
          "currency": "EUR",
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": 481,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": "country_median_estimate"
        },
        "coverage": 0.125,
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "coverage_status": "capped",
        "missing_factors": [
          "air",
          "bureaucracy",
          "cost_pressure",
          "healthcare_capacity",
          "healthcare_migrant_access",
          "housing",
          "safety",
          "tax_retention"
        ],
        "country_context": {
          "employment_service": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 0,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "language_integration": {
            "score": 82,
            "weight": 0.5,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          },
          "legal_path": {
            "score": 88,
            "weight": 2,
            "confidence": 0.9,
            "grain": "country",
            "grainLabel": "country-grain national context",
            "sourceCount": 1,
            "metricIds": [],
            "peerCounts": [],
            "normalization": []
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "facts_by_block": {
      "housing_cost": [],
      "climate_air": [
        {
          "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 7,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-05",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
            "unit": "µg/m³",
            "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:40cadfa1d9389e101a2a99ed648a710f",
          "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D%27FR%27%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json",
          "source_title": "Collected source",
          "source_authority": "air.discomap.eea.europa.eu",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "Average daytime high by month",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_high_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            7.6,
            8.8,
            12.8,
            16.6,
            20.2,
            23.4,
            25.7,
            25.6,
            21.5,
            16.5,
            11.1,
            8
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
            "unit": "°c",
            "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:de3bfc7c93bc42b3edb54157a5105659",
          "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMAX.csv",
          "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_authority": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "Average night-time low by month",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_low_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            3.2,
            3.3,
            5.6,
            7.9,
            11.1,
            14.2,
            16.2,
            16,
            13,
            9.9,
            6.2,
            3.8
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
            "unit": "°c",
            "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:dc97aa1dc7e39b70427bbcc4b52bf081",
          "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMIN.csv",
          "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_authority": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "Average temperature by month",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_mean_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            5.4,
            6,
            9.2,
            12.2,
            15.6,
            18.8,
            20.9,
            20.8,
            17.2,
            13.2,
            8.7,
            5.9
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
            "unit": "°c",
            "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:5660fad1956c1bef63a95b34be9cfd60",
          "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TAVG.csv",
          "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_authority": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "Average precipitation by month",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_precip_mm",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            47.6,
            41.8,
            45.2,
            45.8,
            69,
            51.3,
            59.4,
            58,
            44.7,
            55.2,
            54.3,
            62
          ],
          "unit": "mm",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
            "unit": "mm",
            "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:9c640c101a32b20fefefb1ba70369ab3",
          "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_PRCP.csv",
          "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_authority": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "Average sunshine by month",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_sunshine_h",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            59,
            83,
            134,
            177,
            201,
            203,
            222,
            215,
            174,
            118,
            69,
            56
          ],
          "unit": "hours",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
            "unit": "hours",
            "observed_at": "1991-12-31",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:e51786d06be46f1867bd002617847328",
          "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TSUN.csv",
          "source_title": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_authority": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "family_education": [
        {
          "reader_label": "Primary School Count",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "primary_school_count",
          "block_id": "family_education",
          "value": 0,
          "unit": "count",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-03",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "city",
            "unit": "count",
            "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "source-ebfb01adf8cd",
          "source_url": "https://data.education.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/fr-en-annuaire-education/api/",
          "source_title": "Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)",
          "source_authority": "Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "School Count",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "school_count",
          "block_id": "family_education",
          "value": 0,
          "unit": "count",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-03",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "city",
            "unit": "count",
            "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "source-ebfb01adf8cd",
          "source_url": "https://data.education.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/fr-en-annuaire-education/api/",
          "source_title": "Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)",
          "source_authority": "Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "mobility_admin": [
        {
          "reader_label": "Nearest Major Airport Distance Km",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "nearest_major_airport_distance_km",
          "block_id": "mobility_admin",
          "value": 10,
          "unit": "km",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-03",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "city",
            "unit": "km",
            "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "source-4e7d55f2c3dd",
          "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv",
          "source_title": "OurAirports",
          "source_authority": "OurAirports",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "reader_label": "Nearest Major Airport Iata",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "nearest_major_airport_iata",
          "block_id": "mobility_admin",
          "value": "LBG",
          "unit": "iata_code",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-03",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "city",
            "unit": "unit-not-stated",
            "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "source-4e7d55f2c3dd",
          "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv",
          "source_title": "OurAirports",
          "source_authority": "OurAirports",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "other": [
        {
          "reader_label": "Universities",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "universities_count",
          "block_id": "other",
          "value": 0,
          "unit": "count",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-03",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "city",
            "unit": "count",
            "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "source-a339611ecaf3",
          "source_url": "https://data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/fr-esr-principaux-etablissements-enseignement-superieur/api/",
          "source_title": "Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)",
          "source_authority": "Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ]
    },
    "language_integration": {
      "mode": "national",
      "local_locations": [],
      "supplemental_locations": [],
      "programmes": [
        {
          "program_id": "li:fr:program:contrat-integration-republicaine",
          "name": "Contrat d’intégration républicaine (CIR)",
          "type": "integration_course",
          "responsible_body": "État français and OFII",
          "scope": {
            "name": "France",
            "grain": "national",
            "country_code": "FR",
            "relation_method": "national_scope"
          },
          "target_groups": [
            "eligible non-EU foreign residents"
          ],
          "languages_taught": [
            "French"
          ],
          "cefr_start": null,
          "cefr_end": null,
          "eligibility_summary": null,
          "cost_model": null,
          "modality": [
            "in_person"
          ],
          "official_url": "https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F17450",
          "source": {
            "source_id": "source-abb40b5a743f",
            "title": "Service-Public page: CIR, OFII language test and possible French-language training for eligible participants.",
            "publisher": "service-public.fr",
            "url": "https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F17450",
            "source_url": "https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F17450",
            "source_quality": "verified",
            "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
          }
        },
        {
          "program_id": "li:fr:program:cartographie-offre-formation-linguistique",
          "name": "DIAN language-training offer finder",
          "type": "other",
          "responsible_body": "Réseau des Carif-Oref and DIAN",
          "scope": {
            "name": "France",
            "grain": "national",
            "country_code": "FR",
            "relation_method": "national_scope"
          },
          "target_groups": [
            "people seeking French-language training"
          ],
          "languages_taught": [
            "French"
          ],
          "cefr_start": null,
          "cefr_end": null,
          "eligibility_summary": null,
          "cost_model": null,
          "modality": [
            "in_person",
            "online"
          ],
          "official_url": "https://reseau.intercariforef.org/formations/recherche-formations-dian.html",
          "source": {
            "source_id": "source-00e9c2d256d8",
            "title": "Réseau des Carif-Oref DIAN training-search route captured with its training-search form.",
            "publisher": "reseau.intercariforef.org",
            "url": "https://reseau.intercariforef.org/formations/recherche-formations-dian.html",
            "source_url": "https://reseau.intercariforef.org/formations/recherche-formations-dian.html",
            "source_quality": "verified",
            "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
          }
        },
        {
          "program_id": "li:fr:program:label-qualite-fle",
          "name": "Qualité FLE labelled-centre network",
          "type": "other",
          "responsible_body": "France Éducation international",
          "scope": {
            "name": "France",
            "grain": "national",
            "country_code": "FR",
            "relation_method": "national_scope"
          },
          "target_groups": [
            "French-language learners"
          ],
          "languages_taught": [
            "French"
          ],
          "cefr_start": null,
          "cefr_end": null,
          "eligibility_summary": null,
          "cost_model": null,
          "modality": [
            "in_person",
            "online"
          ],
          "official_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/article/contact-cours-francais?langue=fr",
          "source": {
            "source_id": "source-b489c66ee94a",
            "title": "France Éducation international page directing users to French courses and Qualité FLE-labelled centres.",
            "publisher": "france-education-international.fr",
            "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/article/contact-cours-francais?langue=fr",
            "source_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/article/contact-cours-francais?langue=fr",
            "source_quality": "verified",
            "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
          }
        }
      ],
      "supplemental_programmes": []
    },
    "public_employment_service": {
      "mode": "national",
      "local_locations": [],
      "services": [
        {
          "service_id": "employment:fr:service:france-travail",
          "name": "France Travail",
          "agency_name": "France Travail",
          "scope": {
            "name": "FR",
            "grain": "national",
            "entity_id": null,
            "country_code": "FR",
            "official_key": null,
            "relation_method": "national_scope"
          },
          "service_types": [
            "job_search",
            "unemployment_claim"
          ],
          "eligible_statuses": [],
          "registration_requirements": null,
          "languages_available": [],
          "information_url": "https://www.francetravail.fr/candidat/",
          "registration_url": null,
          "job_search_url": null,
          "source": {
            "source_id": "source-8bd70e6adeac",
            "title": "France Travail",
            "publisher": "France Travail",
            "source_url": "https://www.francetravail.fr/candidat/",
            "source_quality": "verified",
            "last_checked": "2026-08-10"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "healthcare_access": {
      "scope": "country_rule_with_city_capacity_when_available",
      "facts": [
        {
          "reader_label": "Public healthcare access for foreign residents",
          "label_owner_metric_id": null,
          "reader_label_role": "metric",
          "metric_id": "public_health_expat_coverage",
          "value": "conditional",
          "unit": "eligibility_status",
          "geographic_scope": "country",
          "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-03",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "comparison_basis": {
            "geographic_scope": "country",
            "unit": "unit-not-stated",
            "observed_at": "2026-08-03",
            "data_level": null
          },
          "source_id": "task-647-648-country-region-admission-01:source:0036e31e872e7c1d2ca5d49e422f2452",
          "source_url": "https://www.ameli.fr/assure/droits-demarches/principes/protection-universelle-maladie",
          "source_title": "ameli.fr — Assurance Maladie (CNAM)",
          "source_authority": "ameli.fr — Assurance Maladie (CNAM)",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ]
    },
    "city_intent": {
      "relationship_to_hub": {
        "relationship_id": "source-646ce1cb7990",
        "relation_type": "nearby_independent_place",
        "distance_km": 4.018,
        "independent_administrative_status": "not_established_as_separate_lau",
        "subject": {
          "entity_id": "city:fr:geonames:3029372",
          "name": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont",
          "canonical_path": "/cities/fr/paris-19-buttes-chaumont/"
        },
        "anchor": {
          "entity_id": "city:fr:wikidata:Q90",
          "name": "Paris",
          "canonical_path": "/cities/fr/paris/"
        },
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "gisco-services.ec.europa.eu place coordinates",
            "status": "active",
            "official": true,
            "publisher": "gisco-services.ec.europa.eu",
            "source_id": "source-c2b4a0bb7b2b",
            "source_url": "https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/lau/geojson/LAU_RG_01M_2024_4326.geojson",
            "source_type": "dataset",
            "jurisdiction": null,
            "last_checked": "2026-08-28",
            "source_quality": "verified",
            "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28",
            "last_checked_precision": "day"
          },
          {
            "title": "download.geonames.org recorded crime data",
            "status": "active",
            "official": true,
            "publisher": "download.geonames.org",
            "source_id": "source-131160932652",
            "source_url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities5000.zip",
            "source_type": "dataset",
            "jurisdiction": null,
            "last_checked": "2026-08-28",
            "source_quality": "verified",
            "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28",
            "last_checked_precision": "day"
          }
        ]
      },
      "nearby_linked_places": [],
      "international_community": [],
      "homebuyer": null,
      "recorded_safety": null,
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Is Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont part of Paris?",
          "answer": "Paris 19 Buttes-Chaumont is near Paris, but the collected evidence does not establish that it is administratively part of the hub or an official satellite. It is about 4.0 km away by straight-line distance."
        }
      ]
    },
    "country_rules_url": "/countries/france/"
  }
}
