--- entity_id: city:ie:geonames:2965768 entity_type: city name: Carlow country_code: IE country: Ireland slug: carlow canonical_url: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/ json_url: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/ie/carlow.json markdown_url: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/ie/carlow.md mcp_uri: immigrationdb://city/ie/carlow snapshot_id: approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0 generated_at: 2026-09-12 last_verified: 2026-09-06 fact_count: 9 language_location_count: 0 employment_location_count: 1 city_intent_block_count: 0 usefulness_tier: useful indexable: true metric_dictionary_url: https://immigrationdb.com/data/metrics.json license_url: https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/ citation_schema: immigrationdb-citation-v1 citation_canonical_url: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/ citation_title: "Carlow, Ireland: air quality, climate" citation_author: ImmigrationDB citation_publisher: ImmigrationDB citation_snapshot_id: approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0 citation_version: approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0 citation_retrieval_date: 2026-09-12 citation_build_date: 2026-09-12 citation_license_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ --- # Carlow Carlow is a city in Ireland. The foreign population count was 5,942 at the end of 2022. Annual PM2.5 in the air was 7 µg/m³ at the end of 2024. ## Mobility Carlow's nearest airport was DUB, 79 km away and offered 144 direct destinations. ## Climate Monthly mean temperatures were 4.2°C in January and 14.7°C in July. ## Immigration At the end of 2022, foreign residents accounted for 22% of the population. ## Facts | Metric | metric_id | Value | Scope | Observed | Verified | Freshness | Lane | Source | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Foreign residents | `foreign_population_total` | 5,942 people | city | 2022-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | stale | verified | [1] | | PM2.5 — annual mean | `air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3` | 7 µg/m³ | nearest_station | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-05 | stale | verified | [2] | | Climate Monthly Extreme High C | `climate_monthly_extreme_high_c` | Jan 13.64 · Feb 13.35 · Mar 16.31 · Apr 19.41 · May 22.97 · Jun 25.13 · Jul 25.67 · Aug 25.93 · Sep 23.52 · Oct 18.72 · Nov 15.33 · Dec 13.13 °C | coordinate_grid | 2001-12-31 | 2026-08-05 | stale | verified | [3] | | Climate Monthly Extreme Low C | `climate_monthly_extreme_low_c` | Jan -7.83 · Feb -4.88 · Mar -5.67 · Apr -3.51 · May -1.03 · Jun 2.88 · Jul 5.27 · Aug 4.7 · Sep 1.76 · Oct -1.27 · Nov -3.45 · Dec -6.4 °C | coordinate_grid | 2001-12-31 | 2026-08-05 | stale | verified | [3] | | Average temperature by month | `climate_monthly_mean_c` | Jan 4.2 · Feb 4.14 · Mar 5.23 · Apr 7.58 · May 10.41 · Jun 13.23 · Jul 14.67 · Aug 14.23 · Sep 12.38 · Oct 9.6 · Nov 6.53 · Dec 4.71 °C | coordinate_grid | 2001-12-31 | 2026-08-05 | stale | verified | [3] | | Foreign-resident share | `foreign_population_share_percent` | 22 % | city | 2022-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | stale | verified | [1] | | Airport Direct Destinations Count | `airport_direct_destinations_count` | 144 count | city | 2026-08-03 | 2026-08-03 | fresh | verified | [4] | | Nearest Major Airport Distance Km | `nearest_major_airport_distance_km` | 79 km | city | 2026-08-03 | 2026-08-03 | fresh | verified | [5] | | Nearest Major Airport Iata | `nearest_major_airport_iata` | DUB | city | 2026-08-03 | 2026-08-03 | fresh | verified | [5] | Every row keeps the value, unit, geographic scope, observation date, verification date and the numbered source below. A missing metric means the city does not publish it; nothing is imputed. ## Language courses and integration - [Education and Training Board adult English language skills and ESOL](https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-justice-home-affairs-and-migration/publications/employment-childcare-and-education/) — State Language Course · The 16 Education and Training Boards across Ireland · English · checked 2026-08-10 - [Local Authority Integration Teams (LAITs)](https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-justice-home-affairs-and-migration/publications/community-integration/) — Newcomer Adaptation · Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration · English · checked 2026-08-10 These are country-level programmes, not proof of a course location in this city. ## Public employment service - [Carlow](https://www.neh.gov.ie/business-supports/intreo-recruitment-services) — Kennedy Avenue, Carlow, R93 EC57, R93 EC57 Only exact city-linked public offices are listed. ## Healthcare access Migrants can receive medical care in Carlow when the country-wide insurance or residence conditions are met. City capacity facts do not determine personal eligibility. - Public healthcare access for foreign residents: Conditional — [official source](https://www2.hse.ie/services/schemes-allowances/medical-cards/other-types-of-medical-card/people-from-other-eu-countries/) ## Country-wide rules Visa, benefit, tax and healthcare eligibility rules are published on the [Ireland country page](https://immigrationdb.com/countries/ireland/). ## Sources 1. Central Statistics Office Ireland (CSO) — Official source — https://www.cso.ie/en/census/census2022/2022censusdatadownloads/ 2. European Environment Agency — Official source — https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query 3. NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center — Official source — https://power.larc.nasa.gov/api/temporal/climatology/point?parameters=T2M%2CT2M_MAX%2CT2M_MIN&community=SB&longitude=-6.926110&latitude=52.840830&format=JSON 4. OpenFlights — Official source — https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpatokal/openflights/master/data/routes.dat 5. OurAirports — Official source — https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv ## Cite This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. ### APA ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Carlow, Ireland: air quality, climate [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ### BibTeX ```bibtex @misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_carlow-ireland-air-quality-climate_e4f76e6fe8c4, author = {ImmigrationDB}, title = {Carlow, Ireland: air quality, climate}, publisher = {ImmigrationDB}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-12}, version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0}, snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0}, url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/}, note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}, } ``` ### Markdown [Carlow, Ireland: air quality, climate](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12. - Citation schema: `immigrationdb-citation-v1` - Canonical URL: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/ - Title: Carlow, Ireland: air quality, climate - Author: ImmigrationDB - Publisher: ImmigrationDB - Snapshot: `approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0` - Version: `approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0` - Retrieved: 2026-09-12 - Built: 2026-09-12 - Compilation license: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ## Data - HTML: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ie/carlow/ - JSON: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/ie/carlow.json - Markdown: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/ie/carlow.md - MCP resource: immigrationdb://city/ie/carlow - Metric dictionary: https://immigrationdb.com/data/metrics.json - City shard index: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/index.json - Release catalog: https://immigrationdb.com/data/catalog.json