{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-bb6d69cd3c074ae2",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2",
  "generated_at": "2026-08-04",
  "canonical_path": "/cities/pl/kalisz/",
  "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/pl/kalisz",
  "editorial_copy": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-07-29",
    "copy_depth": "city_standard",
    "blocks": {
      "intro": "Kalisz, a city in Poland, had a population of 91,963 at the end of 2024. In March 2021, the foreign population was 248. The unemployment rate was 3.7% at the end of 2025.",
      "population_lead": "The city covered 69 km² in 2024. Population density was 1,333 people per km² in 2024.",
      "climate_lead": "Monthly mean temperatures were −0.8°C in January and 19.5°C in July. Monthly precipitation was 26.4 mm in January and 77.3 mm in July. Annual PM2.5 was 17 µg/m³ at the end of 2024."
    },
    "used_claim_count": 8,
    "uses_supplemental_cd": false
  },
  "city": {
    "entity_id": "city:pl:slug:kalisz",
    "name": "Kalisz",
    "country_code": "PL",
    "public_slug": "kalisz",
    "canonical_path": "/cities/pl/kalisz/",
    "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/pl/kalisz",
    "page_state": "published",
    "useful_blocks": [
      "climate_air",
      "work_income"
    ],
    "useful_fact_count": 13,
    "city_tags": [
      "standard_municipality"
    ],
    "profile_scores": {
      "remote": {
        "point": 54,
        "low": 40,
        "high": 68,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 88,
          "cost_pressure": 50,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 60,
          "family": 70,
          "education": 45,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 42,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "skilled_employee": {
        "point": 51,
        "low": 37,
        "high": 65,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 50,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 60,
          "family": 70,
          "education": 45,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 42,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "family": {
        "point": 53,
        "low": 39,
        "high": 67,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 50,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 60,
          "family": 70,
          "education": 45,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 42,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "student": {
        "point": 48,
        "low": 34,
        "high": 62,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 50,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 60,
          "family": 70,
          "education": 45,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 42,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "retirement": {
        "point": 46,
        "low": 32,
        "high": 60,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 50,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 60,
          "family": 70,
          "education": 45,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 42,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      }
    },
    "facts_by_block": {
      "identity": [
        {
          "metric_id": "city_area_km2",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 69,
          "unit": "km2",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "gus_bdl_2018_area_2024:c8021426f344",
          "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/{teryt_gmina}?var-id=2018&year=2024",
          "source_title": "GUS BDL / GUGiK area variable 2018",
          "source_authority": "GUS BDL / GUGiK",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "foreign_population_total",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 248,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "gus_bdl_1653367_nsp2021_foreign:943a7a29e0d6",
          "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/{teryt_gmina}?var-id=1653367&year=2021",
          "source_title": "GUS BDL / NSP 2021 non-Polish citizenship variable 1653367",
          "source_authority": "GUS BDL / Statistics Poland, NSP 2021",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "population_density_per_km2",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 1333,
          "unit": "people/km2",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "gus_bdl_density_2024_from_population_and_area:d1f4e7f21abb",
          "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/023015761011?var-id=2018&var-id=72305&year=2024",
          "source_title": "Reproducible gmina density for Kalisz: population_total_2024 / official area_2024, rounded to the metric contract precision 0.",
          "source_authority": "GUS BDL / GUGiK",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "population_total",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 91963,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "gmina",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-14",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-ff2918518961",
          "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/023015761011?var-id=72305&year=2024",
          "source_title": "source-ff2918518961",
          "source_authority": "bdl.stat.gov.pl",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "work_income": [
        {
          "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 3.7,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-594ee2eabbb8",
          "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-variable/79214?lang=en&unit-level=6&year=2025",
          "source_title": "Local Data Bank — Share of registered unemployed persons in the working-age population by sex, total, 2025",
          "source_authority": "Statistics Poland (GUS) / Local Data Bank",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "climate_air": [
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 12,
          "unit": "µg/m³",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-01",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "633:source:2ed682611f9394ca430d6abaabf04364",
          "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D'PL'%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D'NO2'%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json",
          "source_title": "EEA air quality statistics — PL NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Kalisz, ul. Wyszyńskiego)",
          "source_authority": "European Environment Agency (EEA)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm10_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 24,
          "unit": "µg/m³",
          "geographic_scope": "nearest_station",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-08-01",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "633:source:c9e5f3e9491ca9601111da3962c7b044",
          "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D'PL'%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D'PM10'%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json",
          "source_title": "EEA air quality statistics — PL PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Kalisz, ul. Wyszyńskiego)",
          "source_authority": "European Environment Agency (EEA)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 17,
          "unit": "µg/m³",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2024-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-4cafb75b4a7d",
          "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27+AND+Country_ISO%3D%27PL%27+AND+YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant%2CAirPollutionLevel%2CCountry_ISO%2CStationName%2CAreaOfMeasurementStation%2CYearOfStatistics%2CUnitOfAirpollutionLevel%2CTypeOfMeasurementStation%2CDataCoverage%2CReportingMetric%2CLatitudeOfMeasurementStation%2CLongitudeOfMeasurementStation&returnGeometry=false&resultRecordCount=1000&resultOffset=0&f=json",
          "source_title": "EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Poland 2024 PM2.5 station data",
          "source_authority": "European Environment Agency",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_high_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            1.7,
            3.4,
            7.8,
            14.6,
            19.4,
            22.8,
            25.2,
            25,
            19.4,
            13.3,
            7.2,
            2.9
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-265d95b5ef19",
          "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE",
          "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, KALISZ, 1991-2020",
          "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_low_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            -3,
            -2.3,
            0.3,
            4.6,
            9,
            12.3,
            14.2,
            14.2,
            10.1,
            5.9,
            2.1,
            -1.6
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-c7fd37f37dff",
          "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE",
          "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly minimum air temperature, KALISZ, 1991-2020",
          "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_mean_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            -0.8,
            0.3,
            3.7,
            9.4,
            14.1,
            17.3,
            19.5,
            19.3,
            14.4,
            9.2,
            4.4,
            0.6
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-1dd2ade1eab4",
          "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE",
          "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly air temperature, KALISZ, 1991-2020",
          "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_precip_mm",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            26.4,
            24.3,
            33.2,
            26.9,
            53,
            54.8,
            77.3,
            54.3,
            46,
            36.8,
            31,
            29.7
          ],
          "unit": "mm",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-acd0d883cea3",
          "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA",
          "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — monthly total precipitation, KALISZ, 1991-2020",
          "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_sunshine_h",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            49.3,
            69.6,
            120.8,
            195.2,
            248.1,
            253.4,
            253.3,
            242.9,
            160.5,
            110.7,
            52,
            41
          ],
          "unit": "hours",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-27",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-b9acc1dd563c",
          "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL",
          "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly sunshine duration, KALISZ, 1991-2020",
          "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}