{ "snapshot_id": "approved-static-bb6d69cd3c074ae2", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2", "generated_at": "2026-08-04", "canonical_path": "/cities/pl/poznan/", "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/pl/poznan", "editorial_copy": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewed_at": "2026-07-29", "copy_depth": "city_standard", "blocks": { "intro": "Poznań is a city in Poland. For Poznań, the unemployment rate was 1.5% at the end of 2025. Its population was 534,239 at the end of 2025.", "population_lead": "The city covered 262 km² in 2025. Population density was 2,046 people per km² in 2024.", "climate_lead": "Monthly mean temperatures were −0.4°C in January and 19.5°C in July. Monthly precipitation was 37.7 mm in January and 84.4 mm in July. Annual PM2.5 was 16 µg/m³ at the end of 2024." }, "used_claim_count": 8, "uses_supplemental_cd": false }, "city": { "entity_id": "city:pl:slug:poznan", "name": "Poznań", "country_code": "PL", "public_slug": "poznan", "canonical_path": "/cities/pl/poznan/", "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/pl/poznan", "page_state": "published", "useful_blocks": [ "cost_living", "climate_air", "work_income" ], "useful_fact_count": 19, "city_tags": [ "standard_municipality" ], "profile_scores": { "remote": { "point": 49, "low": 35, "high": 63, "factors": { "legal_path": 88, "cost_pressure": 25, "housing": 45, "work": 60, "family": 95, "education": 45, "healthcare": 45, "safety": 45, "air": 35, "bureaucracy": 45 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null } }, "skilled_employee": { "point": 51, "low": 37, "high": 65, "factors": { "legal_path": 54, "cost_pressure": 25, "housing": 45, "work": 60, "family": 95, "education": 45, "healthcare": 45, "safety": 45, "air": 35, "bureaucracy": 45 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null } }, "family": { "point": 58, "low": 44, "high": 72, "factors": { "legal_path": 54, "cost_pressure": 25, "housing": 45, "work": 60, "family": 95, "education": 45, "healthcare": 45, "safety": 45, "air": 35, "bureaucracy": 45 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null } }, "student": { "point": 43, "low": 29, "high": 57, "factors": { "legal_path": 54, "cost_pressure": 25, "housing": 45, "work": 60, "family": 95, "education": 45, "healthcare": 45, "safety": 45, "air": 35, "bureaucracy": 45 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null } }, "retirement": { "point": 42, "low": 28, "high": 56, "factors": { "legal_path": 54, "cost_pressure": 25, "housing": 45, "work": 60, "family": 95, "education": 45, "healthcare": 45, "safety": 45, "air": 35, "bureaucracy": 45 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null } } }, "facts_by_block": { "identity": [ { "metric_id": "city_area_km2", "block_id": "identity", "value": 262, "unit": "km2", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2025-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-18", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-c32730d7239a", "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/023016264011?var-id=2018&year=2025", "source_title": "PL official material for city_area_km2", "source_authority": "Statistics Poland (GUS) and European Environment Agency", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "foreign_population_total", "block_id": "identity", "value": 3150, "unit": "people", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-03-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-15", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "gus_bdl_1653367_nsp2021_foreign:a2ab94a794a0", "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/{teryt_gmina}?var-id=1653367&year=2021", "source_title": "GUS BDL / NSP 2021 non-Polish citizenship variable 1653367", "source_authority": "GUS BDL / Statistics Poland, NSP 2021", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "population_density_per_km2", "block_id": "identity", "value": 2046, "unit": "people/km2", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-15", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "gus_bdl_density_2024_from_population_and_area:9577c6669bfe", "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/023016264011?var-id=2018&var-id=72305&year=2024", "source_title": "Reproducible gmina density for Poznań: population_total_2024 / official area_2024, rounded to the metric contract precision 0.", "source_authority": "GUS BDL / GUGiK", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "population_total", "block_id": "identity", "value": 534239, "unit": "people", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2025-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-18", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-b1e9125a045e", "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-unit/023016264011?var-id=72305&year=2025", "source_title": "PL official material for population_total", "source_authority": "Statistics Poland (GUS) and European Environment Agency", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "cost_living": [ { "metric_id": "col_fitness_club_eur_month", "block_id": "cost_living", "value": 34.54, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": false, "source_id": "633:source:e5b9859766e8fae67d625a4bc85ef9b1", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231093058/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Poznan", "source_title": "Numbeo — Cost of Living in Poznan (Wayback capture 20241231093058)", "source_authority": "Numbeo", "source_type": "independent", "source_badge": "Independent source", "source_quality": "supplemental" }, { "metric_id": "col_internet_60mbps_eur_month", "block_id": "cost_living", "value": 15.07, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": false, "source_id": "633:source:e5b9859766e8fae67d625a4bc85ef9b1", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231093058/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Poznan", "source_title": "Numbeo — Cost of Living in Poznan (Wayback capture 20241231093058)", "source_authority": "Numbeo", "source_type": "independent", "source_badge": "Independent source", "source_quality": "supplemental" }, { "metric_id": "col_kindergarten_private_eur_month", "block_id": "cost_living", "value": 303.96, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": false, "source_id": "633:source:e5b9859766e8fae67d625a4bc85ef9b1", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231093058/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Poznan", "source_title": "Numbeo — Cost of Living in Poznan (Wayback capture 20241231093058)", "source_authority": "Numbeo", "source_type": "independent", "source_badge": "Independent source", "source_quality": "supplemental" }, { "metric_id": "col_mobile_plan_10gb_eur_month", "block_id": "cost_living", "value": 8.3, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": false, "source_id": "633:source:e5b9859766e8fae67d625a4bc85ef9b1", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231093058/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Poznan", "source_title": "Numbeo — Cost of Living in Poznan (Wayback capture 20241231093058)", "source_authority": "Numbeo", "source_type": "independent", "source_badge": "Independent source", "source_quality": "supplemental" }, { "metric_id": "col_transport_monthly_pass_eur", "block_id": "cost_living", "value": 32.57, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": false, "source_id": "633:source:e5b9859766e8fae67d625a4bc85ef9b1", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231093058/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Poznan", "source_title": "Numbeo — Cost of Living in Poznan (Wayback capture 20241231093058)", "source_authority": "Numbeo", "source_type": "independent", "source_badge": "Independent source", "source_quality": "supplemental" }, { "metric_id": "col_utilities_basic_85m2_eur_month", "block_id": "cost_living", "value": 228.78, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": false, "source_id": "633:source:e5b9859766e8fae67d625a4bc85ef9b1", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231093058/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Poznan", "source_title": "Numbeo — Cost of Living in Poznan (Wayback capture 20241231093058)", "source_authority": "Numbeo", "source_type": "independent", "source_badge": "Independent source", "source_quality": "supplemental" } ], "work_income": [ { "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent", "block_id": "work_income", "value": 1.5, "unit": "percent", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2025-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-27", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-594ee2eabbb8", "source_url": "https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/by-variable/79214?lang=en&unit-level=6&year=2025", "source_title": "Local Data Bank — Share of registered unemployed persons in the working-age population by sex, total, 2025", "source_authority": "Statistics Poland (GUS) / Local Data Bank", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "climate_air": [ { "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": 17, "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "633:source:a67da38fb03e0a018545f9807e14ada8", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D'PL'%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D'NO2'%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json", "source_title": "EEA air quality statistics — PL NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Poznań, ul. Dąbrowskiego)", "source_authority": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "air_quality_pm10_annual_ug_m3", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": 22, "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-01", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "633:source:d2a10b0d2be7ae189efda003f0242ced", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D'PL'%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D'PM10'%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json", "source_title": "EEA air quality statistics — PL PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Poznań, ul. Spychalskiego)", "source_authority": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": 16, "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-29", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-0651699c1099", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27+AND+Country_ISO%3D%27PL%27+AND+YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant%2CAirPollutionLevel%2CCountry_ISO%2CStationName%2CAreaOfMeasurementStation%2CYearOfStatistics%2CUnitOfAirpollutionLevel%2CTypeOfMeasurementStation%2CDataCoverage%2CReportingMetric%2CLatitudeOfMeasurementStation%2CLongitudeOfMeasurementStation&returnGeometry=false&resultRecordCount=1000&resultOffset=0&f=json", "source_title": "EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Poland 2024 PM2.5 city station means", "source_authority": "European Environment Agency", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "climate_monthly_high_c", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 2.1, 3.7, 8.1, 15, 19.8, 23.1, 25.2, 24.9, 19.5, 13.3, 7.1, 3.2 ], "unit": "°C", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2020-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-27", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-21d89c5ea17f", "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE", "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, POZNAŃ, 1991-2020", "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "climate_monthly_low_c", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ -2.9, -2.4, 0, 4, 8.4, 11.9, 14.1, 13.7, 9.6, 5.4, 1.8, -1.4 ], "unit": "°C", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2020-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-27", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-81d7d1a8ae8b", "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE", "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly minimum air temperature, POZNAŃ, 1991-2020", "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "climate_monthly_mean_c", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ -0.4, 0.5, 3.8, 9.5, 14.1, 17.5, 19.5, 19.1, 14.3, 9.1, 4.4, 0.9 ], "unit": "°C", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2020-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-27", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-3dbc89ba6537", "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE", "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly air temperature, POZNAŃ, 1991-2020", "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "climate_monthly_precip_mm", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 37.7, 30.7, 39.9, 28.6, 53.8, 57.5, 84.4, 55.9, 41.2, 35.4, 33.6, 40.1 ], "unit": "mm", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2020-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-27", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-fe8d3cd3418c", "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA", "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — monthly total precipitation, POZNAŃ, 1991-2020", "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "metric_id": "climate_monthly_sunshine_h", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 50.8, 71.8, 123.1, 211.1, 255.4, 257.3, 268.5, 252.7, 165.2, 112.7, 53.9, 36.6 ], "unit": "hours", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2020-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-07-27", "comparison_eligible": true, "source_id": "source-56b7163342c3", "source_url": "https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL", "source_title": "IMGW-PIB climate normal — mean monthly sunshine duration, POZNAŃ, 1991-2020", "source_authority": "Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ] } } }