{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-bb6d69cd3c074ae2",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2",
  "generated_at": "2026-08-04",
  "canonical_path": "/cities/sk/presov/",
  "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/sk/presov",
  "editorial_copy": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-07-29",
    "copy_depth": "capital_or_hub_full",
    "blocks": {
      "intro": "Prešov is a city in Slovakia. Annual precipitation was 636 mm in 2008. Prešov had a population of 81,223 at the start of 2026. The median age was 45.1 years in 2026. The available figures cover housing, employment and car density from 2008–2021, alongside population and migration counts from 2026.",
      "climate_lead": "Annual NO₂ was 19.1 µg/m³ in 2008. Annual PM10 was 35.3 µg/m³ in 2008.",
      "housing_lead": "The purchase price was €1,668 per m² in 2021. Living space averaged 18.4 m² per person in 2011. The housing-vacancy rate was 4.43% in 2011.",
      "work_lead": "The unemployment rate was 13% in 2009. The primary employment category was “Employment (jobs) in trade, transport, hotels, restaurants (NACE Rev. 2, G to I)” in 2020. The work measure is older than the population and migration counts, so the periods are shown separately.",
      "mobility_lead": "Car density was 292.6 vehicles per 1,000 residents in 2021.",
      "immigration_lead": "The foreign population count was 1,229, equal to 1.51% of residents at the start of 2026.",
      "people_lead": "Students accounted for 11.03% of the population in 2020."
    },
    "used_claim_count": 15,
    "uses_supplemental_cd": false
  },
  "city": {
    "entity_id": "city:sk:municipality:524140",
    "name": "Prešov",
    "country_code": "SK",
    "public_slug": "presov",
    "canonical_path": "/cities/sk/presov/",
    "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/sk/presov",
    "page_state": "published",
    "useful_blocks": [
      "climate_air",
      "housing",
      "other",
      "work_income",
      "cost_living"
    ],
    "useful_fact_count": 26,
    "city_tags": [
      "hub"
    ],
    "profile_scores": {
      "remote": {
        "point": 47,
        "low": 34,
        "high": 60,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 88,
          "cost_pressure": 45,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 45,
          "family": 72,
          "education": 72,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 31,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "skilled_employee": {
        "point": 51,
        "low": 38,
        "high": 64,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 45,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 45,
          "family": 72,
          "education": 72,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 31,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "family": {
        "point": 56,
        "low": 43,
        "high": 69,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 45,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 45,
          "family": 72,
          "education": 72,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 31,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "student": {
        "point": 53,
        "low": 40,
        "high": 66,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 54,
          "cost_pressure": 45,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 45,
          "family": 72,
          "education": 72,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 31,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      },
      "retirement": {
        "point": 48,
        "low": 35,
        "high": 61,
        "factors": {
          "legal_path": 88,
          "cost_pressure": 45,
          "housing": 45,
          "work": 45,
          "family": 72,
          "education": 72,
          "healthcare": 45,
          "safety": 45,
          "air": 31,
          "bureaucracy": 45
        },
        "housing_budget": {
          "status": "unavailable",
          "currency": null,
          "fx_date": null,
          "normalized_monthly_eur": null,
          "source_id": null,
          "basis": null
        }
      }
    },
    "facts_by_block": {
      "identity": [
        {
          "metric_id": "car_density_per_1000",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 292.63,
          "unit": "cars/1000 residents",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2021",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-837dfdfa64a7",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_ctran?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for car_density_per_1000",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "foreign_population_share_percent",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 1.5131,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-eac74d1300c6",
          "source_url": "https://krajskemesta.statistics.sk/index.php?lang=sk",
          "source_title": "SK official material for population_total",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "foreign_population_total",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 1229,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-eac74d1300c6",
          "source_url": "https://krajskemesta.statistics.sk/index.php?lang=sk",
          "source_title": "SK official material for population_total",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "population_total",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 81223,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-eac74d1300c6",
          "source_url": "https://krajskemesta.statistics.sk/index.php?lang=sk",
          "source_title": "SK official material for population_total",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "student_population_share_percent",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 11.03,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-489b1a5dfefc",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_ceduc?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for student_population_share_percent",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "housing": [
        {
          "metric_id": "housing_vacancy_rate_percent",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 4.4267,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2011",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-672f83f622a2",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_clivcon?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for living_space_per_capita_m2",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "rent_buy_price_eur_per_m2",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 1668,
          "unit": "EUR/m2",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2021",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-672f83f622a2",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_clivcon?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for living_space_per_capita_m2",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "cost_living": [
        {
          "metric_id": "col_fitness_club_eur_month",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 36.67,
          "unit": "EUR/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "source-68fb5683bda7",
          "source_url": "https://de.numbeo.com/lebenshaltungskosten/stadt/Presov",
          "source_title": "Numbeo cost of living — Prešov",
          "source_authority": "Numbeo",
          "source_type": "commercial",
          "source_badge": "Commercial source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "col_internet_60mbps_eur_month",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 16.83,
          "unit": "EUR/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "source-68fb5683bda7",
          "source_url": "https://de.numbeo.com/lebenshaltungskosten/stadt/Presov",
          "source_title": "Numbeo cost of living — Prešov",
          "source_authority": "Numbeo",
          "source_type": "commercial",
          "source_badge": "Commercial source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "col_kindergarten_private_eur_month",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 296.67,
          "unit": "EUR/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "source-68fb5683bda7",
          "source_url": "https://de.numbeo.com/lebenshaltungskosten/stadt/Presov",
          "source_title": "Numbeo cost of living — Prešov",
          "source_authority": "Numbeo",
          "source_type": "commercial",
          "source_badge": "Commercial source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "col_meal_inexpensive_restaurant_eur",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 6.5,
          "unit": "EUR",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "source-68fb5683bda7",
          "source_url": "https://de.numbeo.com/lebenshaltungskosten/stadt/Presov",
          "source_title": "Numbeo cost of living — Prešov",
          "source_authority": "Numbeo",
          "source_type": "commercial",
          "source_badge": "Commercial source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "col_mobile_plan_10gb_eur_month",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 20,
          "unit": "EUR/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "source-68fb5683bda7",
          "source_url": "https://de.numbeo.com/lebenshaltungskosten/stadt/Presov",
          "source_title": "Numbeo cost of living — Prešov",
          "source_authority": "Numbeo",
          "source_type": "commercial",
          "source_badge": "Commercial source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "col_utilities_basic_85m2_eur_month",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 170.76,
          "unit": "EUR/month",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "source-68fb5683bda7",
          "source_url": "https://de.numbeo.com/lebenshaltungskosten/stadt/Presov",
          "source_title": "Numbeo cost of living — Prešov",
          "source_authority": "Numbeo",
          "source_type": "commercial",
          "source_badge": "Commercial source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        }
      ],
      "work_income": [
        {
          "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 12.97,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2009",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-f3c7b46a60ff",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_clma?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for unemployment_total_percent",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "climate_air": [
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 19.1,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2008",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-cdbf034b85ee",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_cenv?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm10_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 35.3,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2008",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-cdbf034b85ee",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_cenv?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 17,
          "unit": "µg/m³",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2025-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-a59d264aa259",
          "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27+AND+Country_ISO%3D%27SK%27+AND+YearOfStatistics%3D2025&outFields=AirPollutant%2CAirPollutionLevel%2CCountry_ISO%2CStationName%2CAreaOfMeasurementStation%2CYearOfStatistics%2CUnitOfAirpollutionLevel%2CTypeOfMeasurementStation%2CDataCoverage%2CReportingMetric%2CLatitudeOfMeasurementStation%2CLongitudeOfMeasurementStation&returnGeometry=false&resultRecordCount=1000&resultOffset=0&f=json",
          "source_title": "EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — SK 2025 PM2.5 exact station temporal replacement",
          "source_authority": "European Environment Agency",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_high_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            0.2,
            2.7,
            8.7,
            15.6,
            20.4,
            23.9,
            25.7,
            25.8,
            20.1,
            13.8,
            7.1,
            1.2
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-73ec2b96b142",
          "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv",
          "source_title": "WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV",
          "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_low_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            -5.5,
            -4.7,
            -1.2,
            3.2,
            7.8,
            11.7,
            13.3,
            12.8,
            8.6,
            4.3,
            0.5,
            -4
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-73ec2b96b142",
          "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv",
          "source_title": "WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV",
          "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_mean_c",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            -2.6,
            -1,
            3.5,
            9.6,
            14.2,
            17.9,
            19.4,
            19,
            13.9,
            8.7,
            3.7,
            -1.3
          ],
          "unit": "°C",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-73ec2b96b142",
          "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv",
          "source_title": "WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV",
          "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_precip_mm",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            21.7,
            24.8,
            24.1,
            43.2,
            82.8,
            95,
            110.2,
            76.8,
            56.7,
            53.8,
            33,
            25.9
          ],
          "unit": "mm",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-73ec2b96b142",
          "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv",
          "source_title": "WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV",
          "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "climate_monthly_sunshine_h",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": [
            46,
            68.3,
            132.9,
            181.5,
            213.9,
            219.1,
            232.8,
            239.2,
            167,
            114,
            56.1,
            35.2
          ],
          "unit": "hours",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020-12-31",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-29",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-73ec2b96b142",
          "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv",
          "source_title": "WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV",
          "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g11_annual_precipitation_mm",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 636,
          "unit": "mm",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2008",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-cdbf034b85ee",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_cenv?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "other": [
        {
          "metric_id": "living_space_per_capita_m2",
          "block_id": "other",
          "value": 18.4,
          "unit": "m2/person",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2011",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-672f83f622a2",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_clivcon?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for living_space_per_capita_m2",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "median_age_years",
          "block_id": "other",
          "value": 45.1,
          "unit": "years",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-01-01",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-eac74d1300c6",
          "source_url": "https://krajskemesta.statistics.sk/index.php?lang=sk",
          "source_title": "SK official material for population_total",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "primary_economic_sector",
          "block_id": "other",
          "value": "Employment (jobs) in trade, transport, hotels, restaurants (NACE Rev. 2, G to I)",
          "unit": null,
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2020",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-18",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-f3c7b46a60ff",
          "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/urb_clma?format=JSON&lang=en&cities=SK005C",
          "source_title": "SK official material for unemployment_total_percent",
          "source_authority": "Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and official public authorities",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
