{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-6fbe9b847dfeb5d6",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-15",
  "canonical_path": "/cities/uk/blackburn-blackburn-with-darwen/",
  "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/uk/blackburn-blackburn-with-darwen",
  "city": {
    "entity_id": "city:uk:slug:blackburn-blackburn-with-darwen",
    "name": "Blackburn (Blackburn with Darwen)",
    "country_code": "UK",
    "public_slug": "blackburn-blackburn-with-darwen",
    "canonical_path": "/cities/uk/blackburn-blackburn-with-darwen/",
    "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/uk/blackburn-blackburn-with-darwen",
    "page_state": "published",
    "useful_blocks": [
      "demographics",
      "safety",
      "work_income",
      "climate_air",
      "housing",
      "cost_living",
      "family_education"
    ],
    "useful_fact_count": 22,
    "city_tags": [
      "uk_bua_ew_5k_source_only",
      "england_excl_london"
    ],
    "facts_by_block": {
      "climate_air": [
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 8.595026,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": null,
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
          "source_url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
          "source_title": "official estimated total annual mean background concentration",
          "source_authority": "DEFRA UK Air",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm10_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 10.135036,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": null,
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_pm10:4ee532b8d4ab",
          "source_url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=pm10&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
          "source_title": "official estimated total annual mean background concentration",
          "source_authority": "DEFRA UK Air",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "climate_air",
          "value": 6.045338,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": null,
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_pm25:646f0a5cb387",
          "source_url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=pm25&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
          "source_title": "official estimated total annual mean background concentration",
          "source_authority": "DEFRA UK Air",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "cost_living": [
        {
          "metric_id": "g02_owner_occupied_share_pct",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 60.575,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-05",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_468c6fa9837a",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 BUA row and ONS/OS BUA 2022 geometry for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g04_gp_practice_count",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 18,
          "unit": "count",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-07",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-07",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_a5afe19b2cd2",
          "source_url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/services/organisation-data-service/data-search-and-export/csv-downloads/gp-and-gp-practice-related-data",
          "source_title": "NHS ODS GP Practices report + ONSPD Live postcode coordinates",
          "source_authority": "NHS England Organisation Data Service and Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g05_foreign_born_share_pct",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 21,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-05",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_468c6fa9837a",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 BUA row and ONS/OS BUA 2022 geometry for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "median_age_years",
          "block_id": "cost_living",
          "value": 35,
          "unit": "years",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-05",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_468c6fa9837a",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 BUA row and ONS/OS BUA 2022 geometry for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        }
      ],
      "demographics": [
        {
          "metric_id": "area_km2",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 31.005,
          "unit": "km2",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2022-12",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-45f707ad00c7",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS/OS Built Up Areas 2022 geometry row for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley (E63004551); Shape__Area converted from square metres to square kilometres.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g01_population_total",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 124955,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-45f707ad00c7",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS/OS Built Up Areas 2022 geometry row for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley (E63004551); Shape__Area converted from square metres to square kilometres.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g04_gp_practices_per_10k_population",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 1.4405,
          "unit": "gp_practices_per_10k_population",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-07",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-07",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-3d5b7c8b34f8",
          "source_url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/services/organisation-data-service/data-search-and-export/csv-downloads/gp-and-gp-practice-related-data",
          "source_title": "Active NHS ODS GP practice records with role RO76 whose official ONSPD postcode centroid falls inside the ONS/OS BUA 2022 polygon for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley (E63004551). Metric value is the raw GP practice/main-site count.",
          "source_authority": "NHS England Organisation Data Service and Office for National Statistics",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "population_density_per_km2",
          "block_id": "demographics",
          "value": 4030.16,
          "unit": "people_per_km2",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-06",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-45f707ad00c7",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS/OS Built Up Areas 2022 geometry row for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley (E63004551); Shape__Area converted from square metres to square kilometres.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "family_education": [
        {
          "metric_id": "g07_school_count",
          "block_id": "family_education",
          "value": 70,
          "unit": "count",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-07",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-07",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_ae9bb5059cbd",
          "source_url": "https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Downloads",
          "source_title": "DfE Get Information About Schools all establishments extract",
          "source_authority": "Department for Education and Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        }
      ],
      "housing": [
        {
          "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_current_ug_m3",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 5.084063,
          "unit": "ug/m3",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2026-07-14",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "defra_aurn_auto_2026",
          "source_url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/atom-dls/auto/2026/atom.en.xml",
          "source_title": "official hourly station observations exist only where a source station has an exact target relation",
          "source_authority": "DEFRA UK Air",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g05_dwellings_total",
          "block_id": "housing",
          "value": 45390,
          "unit": "count",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-05",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_468c6fa9837a",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 BUA row and ONS/OS BUA 2022 geometry for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        }
      ],
      "identity": [
        {
          "metric_id": "city_area_km2",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 31.005,
          "unit": "km2",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": null,
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ons_bua2022_geometry",
          "source_url": "https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/BUA_2022_GB/FeatureServer/0/query",
          "source_title": "Exact 2022 Built Up Area polygon area for BUA22CD in EPSG:27700, converted from square metres to km2.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics / Ordnance Survey geography service",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "foreign_population_total",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 26290,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ons_census2021_bua_country_of_birth",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "Exact BUA non-UK-born population derived as the sum of the published Europe: EU countries and Non-EU countries (including British Overseas) counts.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "population_total",
          "block_id": "identity",
          "value": 124955,
          "unit": "people",
          "geographic_scope": "city",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "ons_census2021_bua_population",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx",
          "source_title": "Census 2021 usual resident population count for the exact Built Up Area (BUA), England excluding London or Wales.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "safety": [
        {
          "metric_id": "g08_violent_crime_rate_per_100k",
          "block_id": "safety",
          "value": 4205.51,
          "unit": "count_per_100k",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua_polygon",
          "observed_at": "2026-04",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-07",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-91cb34afca34",
          "source_url": "https://data.police.uk/api/crimes-street/all-crime",
          "source_title": "Sum of official data.police.uk all-crime records with category=violent-crime for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley inside the ONS/OS BUA 2022 polygon (E63004551) over 2025-05..2026-04; count 410 divided by Census 2021 BUA population 18205 and multiplied by 100,000.",
          "source_authority": "data.police.uk",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        }
      ],
      "work_income": [
        {
          "metric_id": "broadband_gigabit_availability_percent",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 95.01,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "place",
          "observed_at": null,
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_0121b61f7905",
          "source_url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/coverage-and-speeds/connected-nations-20252/data-downloads-2025",
          "source_title": "uk_0121b61f7905",
          "source_authority": "uk_0121b61f7905",
          "source_type": "independent",
          "source_badge": "Independent source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g03_employment_rate_pct",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 52.091,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-05",
          "comparison_eligible": true,
          "source_id": "source-6da78b6b858f",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc2257a/fig9/datadownload.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 Figure 9 individual BUA employed-share row for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley. Workbook row 7 on 9a_England_(excluding_London) shows Abbots Langley and Kings Langley / Small / Employed / 62.969.",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_quality": "verified"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g03_employment_rate_pct",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 52.091,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "per_bua",
          "observed_at": "2021-03-21",
          "verified_at": "2026-07-05",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_97182b315e7a",
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc2257a/fig9/datadownload.xlsx",
          "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 towns and cities dataset Figure 9 individual BUA employment row for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley",
          "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics",
          "source_type": "official",
          "source_badge": "Official source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        },
        {
          "metric_id": "g10_superfast_broadband_availability_pct",
          "block_id": "work_income",
          "value": 99.32,
          "unit": "percent",
          "geographic_scope": "place",
          "observed_at": null,
          "verified_at": "2026-07-15",
          "comparison_eligible": false,
          "source_id": "uk_0121b61f7905",
          "source_url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/coverage-and-speeds/connected-nations-20252/data-downloads-2025",
          "source_title": "uk_0121b61f7905",
          "source_authority": "uk_0121b61f7905",
          "source_type": "independent",
          "source_badge": "Independent source",
          "source_quality": "supplemental"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}