{ "snapshot_id": "approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2", "generated_at": "2026-09-14", "citation": { "@type": "CreativeWork", "@id": "https://immigrationdb.com/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/#citation", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-citation-v1", "citation_type": "ImmigrationDB compilation", "canonical_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/", "title": "Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom: salary, jobs, climate", "author": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "publisher": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "snapshot_id": "approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab", "version": "approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab", "retrieval_date": "2026-09-14", "build_date": "2026-09-14", "compilation_license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "terms_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/" }, "formats": { "apa": "ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 14). Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom: salary, jobs, climate [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab; version approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/ Retrieved 2026-09-14. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "bibtex": "@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_welwyn-garden-city-united-kingdom-salary-jobs-climate_4e482b1e4685,\n author = {ImmigrationDB},\n title = {Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom: salary, jobs, climate},\n publisher = {ImmigrationDB},\n year = {2026},\n date = {2026-09-14},\n version = {approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab},\n snapshot = {approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab},\n url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/},\n note = {Retrieved 2026-09-14. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n}", "markdown": "[Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom: salary, jobs, climate](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab; version approved-static-8975a8c3d87026ab; retrieved 2026-09-14; built 2026-09-14." }, "boundary_note": "This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately." }, "underlying_source_references": [ { "source_id": "task-663-admission-01:source:6d017cdecaf49aa514c2a1fd9137ce46", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareas/census2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "task-652-admission-01:source:9cacd2af9f005993e33a33654e8d1bac", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-04" }, { "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:cfc2bba5a24a508536cf46d27f54c34f", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/placeofresidencebylocalauthorityashetable8", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-06" }, { "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:7b6f64a3380e716a25c16bf2d95db309", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/explore-local-statistics/indicators/modelled-unemployment", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-06" }, { "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:17de3601f003bc4a42a745cdd818580c", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query", "source_title": "European Environment Agency", "publisher": "European Environment Agency", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-05" }, { "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:92f9fe9d47f12283a7ae179038a748d5", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMAX.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "publisher": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-05" }, { "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:440075ba4a6cece781897687b7c0806e", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMIN.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "publisher": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-05" }, { "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:47b77f0ca641ce63e618bd410f032a97", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TAVG.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "publisher": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-05" }, { "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:f0f1965d27a78ec13787552e59b66827", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_PRCP.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "publisher": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-05" }, { "source_id": "source-d01bf725857e", "source_url": "https://www.get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Downloads", "source_title": "Department for Education (GIAS)", "publisher": "Department for Education (GIAS)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-03" }, { "source_id": "source-c9672ff7b349", "source_url": "https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/for-providers/registering-with-the-ofs/the-ofs-register/", "source_title": "Office for Students", "publisher": "Office for Students", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-03" }, { "source_id": "source-2c811b7da15a", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpatokal/openflights/master/data/routes.dat", "source_title": "OpenFlights", "publisher": "OpenFlights", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-03" }, { "source_id": "source-4e7d55f2c3dd", "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv", "source_title": "OurAirports", "publisher": "OurAirports", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-03" }, { "source_id": "source-131160932652", "source_url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities5000.zip", "source_title": "download.geonames.org recorded crime data", "publisher": "download.geonames.org recorded crime data", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-28" }, { "source_id": "uk_468c6fa9837a", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx", "source_title": "ONS Census 2021 BUA row and ONS/OS BUA 2022 geometry for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley", "publisher": "ONS Census 2021 BUA row and ONS/OS BUA 2022 geometry for Abbots Langley and Kings Langley", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-06" }, { "source_id": "source-004e56a74739", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/contact-jobcentre-plus", "source_title": "Jobcentre Plus", "publisher": "Department for Work and Pensions", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-10" }, { "source_id": "task-647-648-country-region-admission-01:source:5950f4eb32d8fea44210b5a3313d39ab", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-health-and-social-care", "source_title": "www.gov.uk", "publisher": "www.gov.uk", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-03" }, { "source_id": "source-3a371faa3438", "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19789", "source_title": "Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q19789", "publisher": "Wikidata identity and coordinates", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-09-05" } ], "canonical_path": "/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/", "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/uk/welwyn-garden-city", "editorial_copy": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewed_at": "2026-08-08", "copy_depth": "city_standard", "blocks": { "intro": "Welwyn Garden City is a city in the United Kingdom. Welwyn Garden City had a population of 51,505 at the end of 2021. The regional median gross salary was €3,812 per month at the end of 2024. Welwyn Garden City registered an unemployment rate of 3.6% at the end of 2023.", "mobility_lead": "Welwyn Garden City's nearest airport was LTN, 14 km away and offered 85 direct destinations.", "population_lead": "Welwyn Garden City recorded a median age of 39 years at the end of 2021.", "work_lead": "The employment rate was 62.8% at the end of 2021. At the end of 2021, 25,650 comprised the workforce in Welwyn Garden City.", "climate_lead": "Annual PM2.5 was 11 µg/m³ at the end of 2016." }, "used_claim_count": 10, "uses_supplemental_cd": false }, "city": { "coordinates": { "coordinate_id": "source-a2d56d352661", "latitude": 51.8062, "longitude": -0.1932, "source_id": "source-3a371faa3438", "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19789", "source_locator": "P1566 exact lookup; P625", "source_quality": "verified", "observed_at": "2026-09-05", "verified_at": "2026-09-05", "method": "registry_wikidata_cross_reference", "identity_property": "P1566", "identity_key": "2634552", "wikidata_qid": "Q19789" }, "entity_id": "city:uk:geonames:2634552", "name": "Welwyn Garden City", "country_code": "UK", "public_slug": "welwyn-garden-city", "canonical_path": "/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/", "mcp_uri": "immigrationdb://city/uk/welwyn-garden-city", "page_state": "published", "usefulness": { "policy": "city_usefulness_v1", "has_reviewed_copy": true, "valid_slug": true, "counts": { "ab_facts": 19, "metrics": 19, "source_blocks": 6, "decision_domains": 4, "answer_intents": 4, "fresh_facts": 19 }, "answer_intents": [ "air", "family", "income", "work" ], "decision_domains": [ "environment", "family", "mobility", "work" ], "requirements": { "metrics": true, "source_blocks": true, "decision_domains": true, "answer_intents": true, "fresh_facts": true }, "base_floor_passed": true, "tier": "answer_linked", "indexable": true, "internal_link_kind": "typed_relationship", "structured_context_count": 1, "missing_requirements": [] }, "useful_blocks": [ "climate_air", "mobility_admin", "work_income", "other", "family_education" ], "useful_fact_count": 19, "city_tags": [], "profile_scores": { "remote": { "point": 51, "low": 40, "high": 62, "factors": { "cost_pressure": 49, "education": 85, "employment_service": 68, "family": 85, "legal_path": 54, "work": 49 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null }, "coverage": 0.4769, "confidence": 0.9, "coverage_status": "usable", "missing_factors": [ "air", "healthcare_capacity", "healthcare_migrant_access", "housing", "language_integration", "safety", "tax_retention" ], "country_context": { "employment_service": { "score": 68, "weight": 0.75, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] }, "legal_path": { "score": 54, "weight": 1, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] } } }, "skilled_employee": { "point": 62, "low": 52, "high": 72, "factors": { "cost_pressure": 49, "education": 85, "employment_service": 68, "family": 85, "legal_path": 88, "tax_retention": 77, "work": 49 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null }, "coverage": 0.6111, "confidence": 0.8273, "coverage_status": "usable", "missing_factors": [ "healthcare_capacity", "healthcare_migrant_access", "housing", "language_integration", "safety" ], "country_context": { "employment_service": { "score": 68, "weight": 1, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] }, "legal_path": { "score": 88, "weight": 2, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] }, "tax_retention": { "score": 77, "weight": 2, "confidence": 0.5, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] } } }, "family": { "point": 64, "low": 53, "high": 75, "factors": { "cost_pressure": 49, "education": 85, "employment_service": 68, "family": 85, "legal_path": 88, "work": 49 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null }, "coverage": 0.4857, "confidence": 0.9, "coverage_status": "usable", "missing_factors": [ "healthcare_capacity", "healthcare_migrant_access", "housing", "language_integration", "safety" ], "country_context": { "employment_service": { "score": 68, "weight": 0.5, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] }, "legal_path": { "score": 88, "weight": 1, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] } } }, "student": { "point": 62, "low": 52, "high": 72, "factors": { "cost_pressure": 49, "education": 85, "employment_service": 68, "family": 85, "legal_path": 88, "work": 49 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null }, "coverage": 0.5882, "confidence": 0.9, "coverage_status": "usable", "missing_factors": [ "healthcare_capacity", "healthcare_migrant_access", "housing", "language_integration", "safety" ], "country_context": { "employment_service": { "score": 68, "weight": 0, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] }, "legal_path": { "score": 88, "weight": 2, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] } } }, "retirement": { "point": 54, "low": 40, "high": 68, "factors": { "cost_pressure": 49, "education": 85, "employment_service": 68, "family": 85, "legal_path": 88, "work": 49 }, "housing_budget": { "status": "unavailable", "currency": null, "fx_date": null, "normalized_monthly_eur": null, "source_id": null, "basis": null }, "coverage": 0.2, "confidence": 0.9, "coverage_status": "capped", "missing_factors": [ "air", "bureaucracy", "healthcare_capacity", "healthcare_migrant_access", "housing", "language_integration", "safety", "tax_retention" ], "country_context": { "employment_service": { "score": 68, "weight": 0, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] }, "legal_path": { "score": 88, "weight": 2, "confidence": 0.9, "grain": "country", "grainLabel": "country-grain national context", "sourceCount": 1, "metricIds": [], "peerCounts": [], "normalization": [] } } } }, "facts_by_block": { "identity": [ { "reader_label": "Population (built-up area)", "label_owner_metric_id": "population_total", "reader_label_role": "alternate", "metric_id": "g01_population_total", "block_id": "identity", "value": 51505, "unit": "people", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-07", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "people", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-663-admission-01:source:6d017cdecaf49aa514c2a1fd9137ce46", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareas/census2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Population", "label_owner_metric_id": "population_total", "reader_label_role": "primary", "metric_id": "population_total", "block_id": "identity", "value": 51505, "unit": "persons", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-04", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "people", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-652-admission-01:source:9cacd2af9f005993e33a33654e8d1bac", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "housing_cost": [], "work_income": [ { "reader_label": "Employment rate", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "g03_employment_rate_pct", "block_id": "work_income", "value": 62.8, "unit": "percent", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-07", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "%", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-663-admission-01:source:6d017cdecaf49aa514c2a1fd9137ce46", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareas/census2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Median gross salary (regional)", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "salary_median_gross_regional_eur_month", "block_id": "work_income", "value": 3811.68, "unit": "EUR/month", "geographic_scope": "regional_context", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-06", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "regional_context", "unit": "eur/month", "observed_at": "2024-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:cfc2bba5a24a508536cf46d27f54c34f", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/placeofresidencebylocalauthorityashetable8", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Unemployment rate", "label_owner_metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent", "reader_label_role": "primary", "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent", "block_id": "work_income", "value": 3.6, "unit": "percent", "geographic_scope": "regional_context", "observed_at": "2023-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-06", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "regional_context", "unit": "%", "observed_at": "2023-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-659-admission-01:source:7b6f64a3380e716a25c16bf2d95db309", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/explore-local-statistics/indicators/modelled-unemployment", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics (ONS)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "climate_air": [ { "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": 11, "unit": "ug/m3", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "2016-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-05", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "unit": "µg/m³", "observed_at": "2016-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:17de3601f003bc4a42a745cdd818580c", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query", "source_title": "European Environment Agency", "source_authority": "European Environment Agency", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Average daytime high by month", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "climate_monthly_high_c", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 7.1, 7.6, 10.3, 13.4, 16.6, 19.6, 22.1, 21.7, 18.6, 14.3, 10.1, 7.4 ], "unit": "°C", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-05", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "unit": "°c", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:92f9fe9d47f12283a7ae179038a748d5", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMAX.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Average night-time low by month", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "climate_monthly_low_c", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 1.6, 1.5, 2.8, 4.5, 7.3, 10.2, 12.3, 12.3, 10.1, 7.5, 4.2, 2 ], "unit": "°C", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-05", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "unit": "°c", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:440075ba4a6cece781897687b7c0806e", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMIN.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Average temperature by month", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "climate_monthly_mean_c", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 4.3, 4.6, 6.6, 9, 11.9, 14.9, 17.2, 17, 14.4, 10.9, 7.2, 4.7 ], "unit": "°C", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-05", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "unit": "°c", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:47b77f0ca641ce63e618bd410f032a97", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TAVG.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Average precipitation by month", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "climate_monthly_precip_mm", "block_id": "climate_air", "value": [ 67.6, 50.9, 42.7, 51.2, 51.2, 52.9, 52.2, 68.2, 55.4, 78.2, 76.8, 67.2 ], "unit": "mm", "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-05", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "nearest_station", "unit": "mm", "observed_at": "1991-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-657-admission-01:source:f0f1965d27a78ec13787552e59b66827", "source_url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_PRCP.csv", "source_title": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_authority": "World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "family_education": [ { "reader_label": "Primary School Count", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "primary_school_count", "block_id": "family_education", "value": 16, "unit": "count", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "count", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "source-d01bf725857e", "source_url": "https://www.get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Downloads", "source_title": "Department for Education (GIAS)", "source_authority": "Department for Education (GIAS)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "School Count", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "school_count", "block_id": "family_education", "value": 23, "unit": "count", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "count", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "source-d01bf725857e", "source_url": "https://www.get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Downloads", "source_title": "Department for Education (GIAS)", "source_authority": "Department for Education (GIAS)", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "mobility_admin": [ { "reader_label": "Airport Direct Destinations Count", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "airport_direct_destinations_count", "block_id": "mobility_admin", "value": 85, "unit": "count", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "count", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "source-2c811b7da15a", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpatokal/openflights/master/data/routes.dat", "source_title": "OpenFlights", "source_authority": "OpenFlights", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Nearest Major Airport Distance Km", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "nearest_major_airport_distance_km", "block_id": "mobility_admin", "value": 14, "unit": "km", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "km", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "source-4e7d55f2c3dd", "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv", "source_title": "OurAirports", "source_authority": "OurAirports", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Nearest Major Airport Iata", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "nearest_major_airport_iata", "block_id": "mobility_admin", "value": "LTN", "unit": "iata_code", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "unit-not-stated", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "source-4e7d55f2c3dd", "source_url": "https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv", "source_title": "OurAirports", "source_authority": "OurAirports", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ], "other": [ { "reader_label": "G07 Bachelors Or Higher Share Pct", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "g07_bachelors_or_higher_share_pct", "block_id": "other", "value": 37.7, "unit": "percent", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-07", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "%", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-663-admission-01:source:6d017cdecaf49aa514c2a1fd9137ce46", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareas/census2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "G09 Total Workers 16plus", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "g09_total_workers_16plus", "block_id": "other", "value": 25650, "unit": "workers", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-07", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "workers", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-663-admission-01:source:6d017cdecaf49aa514c2a1fd9137ce46", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareas/census2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Median age", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "median_age_years", "block_id": "other", "value": 39, "unit": "years", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "verified_at": "2026-08-07", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "years", "observed_at": "2021-12-31", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-663-admission-01:source:6d017cdecaf49aa514c2a1fd9137ce46", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareas/census2021", "source_title": "Office for National Statistics", "source_authority": "Office for National Statistics", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" }, { "reader_label": "Universities", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "universities_count", "block_id": "other", "value": 0, "unit": "count", "geographic_scope": "city", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": true, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "city", "unit": "count", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "source-c9672ff7b349", "source_url": "https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/for-providers/registering-with-the-ofs/the-ofs-register/", "source_title": "Office for Students", "source_authority": "Office for Students", "source_type": "official", "source_badge": "Official source", "source_quality": "verified" } ] }, "language_integration": null, "public_employment_service": { "mode": "national", "local_locations": [], "services": [ { "service_id": "employment:uk:service:jobcentre-plus", "name": "Jobcentre Plus", "agency_name": "Department for Work and Pensions", "scope": { "name": "UK", "grain": "national", "entity_id": null, "country_code": "UK", "official_key": null, "relation_method": "national_scope" }, "service_types": [ "job_search", "unemployment_claim" ], "eligible_statuses": [], "registration_requirements": null, "languages_available": [], "information_url": "https://www.gov.uk/contact-jobcentre-plus", "registration_url": null, "job_search_url": null, "source": { "source_id": "source-004e56a74739", "title": "Jobcentre Plus", "publisher": "Department for Work and Pensions", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/contact-jobcentre-plus", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-10" } } ] }, "healthcare_access": { "scope": "country_rule_with_city_capacity_when_available", "facts": [ { "reader_label": "Public healthcare access for foreign residents", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric", "metric_id": "public_health_expat_coverage", "value": "yes", "unit": "eligibility_status", "geographic_scope": "country", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "verified_at": "2026-08-03", "comparison_eligible": false, "comparison_basis": { "geographic_scope": "country", "unit": "unit-not-stated", "observed_at": "2026-08-03", "data_level": null }, "source_id": "task-647-648-country-region-admission-01:source:5950f4eb32d8fea44210b5a3313d39ab", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-health-and-social-care", "source_title": "www.gov.uk", "source_authority": "www.gov.uk", "source_quality": "verified" } ] }, "city_intent": { "relationship_to_hub": { "relationship_id": "source-d1e7df086c6c", "relation_type": "nearby_independent_place", "distance_km": 33.204, "independent_administrative_status": "not_established_as_separate_lau", "subject": { "entity_id": "city:uk:geonames:2634552", "name": "Welwyn Garden City", "canonical_path": "/cities/uk/welwyn-garden-city/" }, "anchor": { "entity_id": "city:uk:wikidata:Q84", "name": "London", "canonical_path": "/cities/uk/london/" }, "sources": [ { "title": "download.geonames.org recorded crime data", "status": "active", "official": true, "publisher": "download.geonames.org", "source_id": "source-131160932652", "source_url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities5000.zip", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" }, { "title": "wikidata.org place coordinates", "status": "active", "official": false, "publisher": "wikidata.org", "source_id": "source-838efbdce32c", "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q84.json", "source_type": "dataset", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-28", "last_checked_precision": "day" } ] }, "nearby_linked_places": [], "international_community": [ { "summary_id": "source-76c3a4720f07", "dimension": "country_of_birth", "reference_period": "2021 Census", "source_grain": "ONS individual Built-up Area (BUA), England excluding London and Wales", "population_universe": "Usual residents living in the individual ONS Built-up Area on Census Day 21 March 2021", "groups": [ { "unit": "people", "count": 3245, "share": 0.063, "group_code": "EU_COUNTRIES", "share_unit": "fraction", "group_label": "Europe: EU countries", "share_method": "published_percent", "is_denominator": false, "raw_count_value": 3245, "raw_share_value": 6.3, "disclosure_status": "published", "source_group_label": "Europe: EU countries" }, { "unit": "people", "count": 4675, "share": 0.091, "group_code": "NON_EU_COUNTRIES_INCLUDING_BRITISH_OVERSEAS", "share_unit": "fraction", "group_label": "Non-EU countries (including British Overseas)", "share_method": "published_percent", "is_denominator": false, "raw_count_value": 4675, "raw_share_value": 9.1, "disclosure_status": "published", "source_group_label": "Non-EU countries (including British Overseas)" }, { "unit": "people", "count": 43585, "share": 0.846, "group_code": "UNITED_KINGDOM", "share_unit": "fraction", "group_label": "Europe: United Kingdom", "share_method": "published_percent", "is_denominator": false, "raw_count_value": 43585, "raw_share_value": 84.6, "disclosure_status": "published", "source_group_label": "Europe: United Kingdom" } ], "source": { "title": "Office for National Statistics (ONS), United Kingdom — Task 890 community statistics", "status": "retained", "official": true, "publisher": "Office for National Statistics (ONS), United Kingdom", "source_id": "ons.gov.uk:Census2021:BUA:country-of-birth", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021/2021/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwalescensus2021.xlsx", "source_type": "official_statistics", "jurisdiction": null, "last_checked": "2026-08-30", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked_period": "2026-08-30", "last_checked_precision": "day" } } ], "homebuyer": null, "recorded_safety": null, "questions": [ { "question": "Is Welwyn Garden City part of London?", "answer": "Welwyn Garden City is near London, but the collected evidence does not establish that it is administratively part of the hub or an official satellite. It is about 33.2 km away by straight-line distance." }, { "question": "How many people born in Europe: EU countries live in Welwyn Garden City?", "answer": "The official country of birth distribution records 3,245 people (6.3%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status." } ] }, "country_rules_url": "/countries/united-kingdom/" } }