{ "snapshot_id": "approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-city-resource-v2", "generated_at": "2026-09-14", "citation": { "@type": "CreativeWork", "@id": "https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/#citation", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-citation-v1", "citation_type": "ImmigrationDB compilation", "canonical_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/", "title": "Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality", "author": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "publisher": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "snapshot_id": "approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62", "version": "approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62", "retrieval_date": "2026-09-14", "build_date": "2026-09-14", "compilation_license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "terms_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/" }, "formats": { "apa": "ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 14). Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62; version approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/ Retrieved 2026-09-14. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "bibtex": "@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_columbia-united-states-rent-salary-jobs-air-quality_db891927d01b,\n author = {ImmigrationDB},\n title = {Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality},\n publisher = {ImmigrationDB},\n year = {2026},\n date = {2026-09-14},\n version = {approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62},\n snapshot = {approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62},\n url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/},\n note = {Retrieved 2026-09-14. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n}", "markdown": "[Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62; version approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62; retrieved 2026-09-14; built 2026-09-14." }, "boundary_note": "This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. 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Density, foreign-resident counts and the country-wide figure are separate rows in the table below.", "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year", "captured_at": "2026-09-11" }, "value": { "raw_value": 104338, "normalized_value": 104338, "machine_value": 104338, "display_value": "104,338", "unit": "people", "format_profile_id": "people.count.answer.whole.v1", "approximation_label": null }, "format_profile_id": "people.count.answer.whole.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-53656fa31b14", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "population_total" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "4e812a5f5f69f0b186440305d712b7540ec95907e4510d02479e59bcbad9c3e4" }, { "answer_id": "answer:city:us:columbia:air_quality-pm25_annual", "slot_id": "city.air_quality.pm25_annual", "answer_type": "direct_metric", "status": "supported", "question": "Is the air quality good in Columbia?", "direct_answer": "The annual PM2.5 mean is about 5.6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.", "qualifier": "Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.", "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "2024", "captured_at": "2026-08-06" }, "value": { "raw_value": 5.59, "normalized_value": 5.59, "machine_value": 5.59, "display_value": "5.6", "unit": "µg/m³", "format_profile_id": "concentration.ugm3.annual.1dp.v1", "approximation_label": "about" }, "format_profile_id": "concentration.ugm3.annual.1dp.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-1a0739a5401b", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "3f3e7383b2da3d8409d016a4c57bd8e92b0df436da16ed0c90c2b3cad81e62fa" }, { "answer_id": "answer:city:us:columbia:salary-current", "slot_id": "city.salary.current", "answer_type": "direct_metric", "status": "supported", "question": "What is the typical salary in Columbia?", "direct_answer": "The median gross salary is about 5,106 EUR/month (ACS 2020-2024 5-year).", "qualifier": "City-scope median, gross, before tax and social contributions.", "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year", "captured_at": "2026-09-11" }, "value": { "raw_value": 5106.11, "normalized_value": 5106.11, "machine_value": 5106.11, "display_value": "5,106", "unit": "EUR/month", "format_profile_id": "currency.eur.monthly.answer.whole.v1", "approximation_label": "about" }, "format_profile_id": "currency.eur.monthly.answer.whole.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-6dfd6d7df65e", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "salary_median_gross_city_eur_month" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "07450ea8060aa7da3d39d384633c67121feb07faa7543a5913298baf254249f3" }, { "answer_id": "answer:city:us:columbia:unemployment-current", "slot_id": "city.unemployment.current", "answer_type": "direct_metric", "status": "supported", "question": "What is the unemployment rate in Columbia?", "direct_answer": "The unemployment rate is about 4.2 % (2024).", "qualifier": null, "temporal": { "mode": "historical_observation", "source_period": "2024", "captured_at": "2026-08-03" }, "value": { "raw_value": 4.182218, "normalized_value": 4.18, "machine_value": 4.18, "display_value": "4.2", "unit": "%", "format_profile_id": "percent.1dp.answer.v1", "approximation_label": "about" }, "format_profile_id": "percent.1dp.answer.v1", "evidence": [ { "claim_id": "claim-52eb233d695d", "role": "primary", "metric_id": "unemployment_total_percent" } ], "alternatives": [], "dependency_hash": "97979929417ef4df1a09bb5b9c45cdc84043a1bafa7195b23a6a5458c21012da" } ] } }