--- entity_id: city:us:geonames:4352053 entity_type: city name: Columbia country_code: US country: United States slug: columbia canonical_url: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/ json_url: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/us/columbia.json markdown_url: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/us/columbia.md mcp_uri: immigrationdb://city/us/columbia snapshot_id: approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62 generated_at: 2026-09-14 last_verified: 2026-09-11 fact_count: 22 language_location_count: 0 employment_location_count: 0 city_intent_block_count: 1 usefulness_tier: answer_linked indexable: true metric_dictionary_url: https://immigrationdb.com/data/metrics.json license_url: https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/ citation_schema: immigrationdb-citation-v1 citation_canonical_url: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/ citation_title: "Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality" citation_author: ImmigrationDB citation_publisher: ImmigrationDB citation_snapshot_id: approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62 citation_version: approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62 citation_retrieval_date: 2026-09-14 citation_build_date: 2026-09-14 citation_license_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ --- # Columbia Columbia is one of the cities recorded in the United States. Columbia registered an unemployment rate of 4.18% at the end of 2024. At the end of 2024, the foreign population in Columbia numbered 21,693. ## Answers Deterministic answers rendered from this page's published values. The JSON twin carries the machine-readable answer objects. ### How many people live in Columbia? The published population was 104,338 people in ACS 2020-2024 5-year. - City-scope resident count. Density, foreign-resident counts and the country-wide figure are separate rows in the table below. - Value: 104,338 people · Period: ACS 2020-2024 5-year - Claims: claim-53656fa31b14 ### Is the air quality good in Columbia? The annual PM2.5 mean is about 5.6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. - Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ. - Value: 5.6 µg/m³ · Period: 2024 - Claims: claim-1a0739a5401b ### What is the typical salary in Columbia? The median gross salary is about 5,106 EUR/month (ACS 2020-2024 5-year). - City-scope median, gross, before tax and social contributions. - Value: 5,106 EUR/month · Period: ACS 2020-2024 5-year - Claims: claim-6dfd6d7df65e ### What is the unemployment rate in Columbia? The unemployment rate is about 4.2 % (2024). - Value: 4.2 % · Period: 2024 - Claims: claim-52eb233d695d ## Mobility Columbia's nearest airport was BWI, 16 km away and offered 72 direct destinations. ## Population At the end of 2025, the city's area measured 82.7 km². Columbia's population density measured 1,261.5 people per km² at the end of 2024. ## Climate The annual PM2.5 concentration measured 5.6 µg/m³ at the end of 2024. Monthly mean temperature moved from 1.3°C in January to 25.7°C in July. ## Facts | Metric | metric_id | Value | Scope | Observed | Verified | Freshness | Lane | Source | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Foreign residents | `foreign_population_total` | 21,693 people | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | stale | verified | [1] | | Population | `population_total` | 104,338 people | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-09-11 | stale | supplemental | [2] | | Median monthly rent | `rent_median_city_eur_month` | 1,762 EUR/month | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-09-11 | stale | supplemental | [3] | | Median gross salary | `salary_median_gross_city_eur_month` | 5,106 EUR/month | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-09-11 | stale | supplemental | [4] | | Unemployment rate | `unemployment_total_percent` | 4.18 % | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | stale | verified | [1] | | PM2.5 — annual mean | `air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3` | 5.59 µg/m³ | nearest_station | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-06 | stale | verified | [5] | | Average daytime high by month | `climate_monthly_high_c` | Jan 6.2 · Feb 8 · Mar 12.6 · Apr 19.2 · May 24.1 · Jun 29.1 · Jul 31.5 · Aug 30.3 · Sep 26.5 · Oct 20.2 · Nov 14.1 · Dec 8.6 °C | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-06 | stale | verified | [6] | | Average night-time low by month | `climate_monthly_low_c` | Jan -3.7 · Feb -2.8 · Mar 1.1 · Apr 6.4 · May 11.8 · Jun 17 · Jul 19.8 · Aug 18.8 · Sep 14.9 · Oct 8.1 · Nov 2.5 · Dec -1.3 °C | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-06 | stale | verified | [6] | | Average temperature by month | `climate_monthly_mean_c` | Jan 1.3 · Feb 2.6 · Mar 6.9 · Apr 12.8 · May 18 · Jun 23 · Jul 25.7 · Aug 24.5 · Sep 20.7 · Oct 14.1 · Nov 8.3 · Dec 3.7 °C | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-06 | stale | verified | [6] | | Average precipitation by month | `climate_monthly_precip_mm` | Jan 78.3 · Feb 73.7 · Mar 102 · Apr 86 · May 97.9 · Jun 101 · Jul 113.9 · Aug 103.8 · Sep 112.7 · Oct 100.1 · Nov 79.5 · Dec 94.2 mm | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-06 | stale | verified | [6] | | G04 Air Quality Pm25 Max Ug M3 | `g04_air_quality_pm25_max_ug_m3` | 22.2 µg/m³ | nearest_station | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-07 | stale | verified | [5] | | G04 Air Quality Pm25 Mean Annual Ug M3 | `g04_air_quality_pm25_mean_annual_ug_m3` | 6.56 µg/m³ | nearest_station | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-07 | stale | verified | [5] | | G11 Annual Precipitation Mm | `g11_annual_precipitation_mm` | 1,143 mm | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-07 | stale | verified | [7] | | G11 Max Temp C Jul | `g11_max_temp_c_jul` | 31.5 °C | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-07 | stale | verified | [8] | | Average annual temperature | `g11_mean_annual_temp_c` | 13.5 °C | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-07 | stale | verified | [9] | | G11 Min Temp C Jan | `g11_min_temp_c_jan` | -3.7 °C | nearest_station | 1991-12-31 | 2026-08-07 | stale | verified | [10] | | City area | `city_area_km2` | 82.71 km² | city | 2025-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | aging | verified | [11] | | Foreign-resident share | `foreign_population_share_percent` | 20.79 % | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | stale | verified | [1] | | Population density | `population_density_per_km2` | 1,262 people/km² | city | 2024-12-31 | 2026-08-03 | stale | verified | [1] | | Airport Direct Destinations Count | `airport_direct_destinations_count` | 72 count | city | 2026-08-03 | 2026-08-03 | fresh | verified | [12] | | Nearest Major Airport Distance Km | `nearest_major_airport_distance_km` | 16 km | city | 2026-08-03 | 2026-08-03 | fresh | verified | [13] | | Nearest Major Airport Iata | `nearest_major_airport_iata` | BWI | city | 2026-08-03 | 2026-08-03 | fresh | verified | [13] | Every row keeps the value, unit, geographic scope, observation date, verification date and the numbered source below. A missing metric means the city does not publish it; nothing is imputed. ## Language courses and integration - [Adult Education and English Language Acquisition (AEFLA)](https://www.ed.gov/adult-programs) — State Language Course · U.S. Department of Education · English · checked 2026-08-10 - [USCIS English and citizenship class finder](https://my.uscis.gov/) — Civic Orientation · U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services · English · checked 2026-08-10 These are country-level programmes, not proof of a course location in this city. ## Public employment service - [American Job Centers](https://www.usa.gov/job-help) — Job Search This is a country-level service, not proof of a physical office in this city. ## Healthcare access Migrants can receive medical care in Columbia when the country-wide insurance or residence conditions are met. City capacity facts do not determine personal eligibility. - Public healthcare access for foreign residents: no — [official source](https://www.healthcare.gov/immigrants/) ## Country-wide rules Visa, benefit, tax and healthcare eligibility rules are published on the [United States country page](https://immigrationdb.com/countries/united-states/). ## Relationship to a nearby hub ### Is Columbia part of Washington, D.C.? Columbia is near Washington, D.C., but the collected evidence does not establish that it is administratively part of the hub or an official satellite. It is about 42.0 km away by straight-line distance. - Source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities5000.zip ## Sources 1. Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) — Official source — https://api.censusreporter.org/1.0/data/show/latest?table_ids=B05012%2CB23025&geo_ids=16000US2418475%2C16000US2419125%2C16000US2419825%2C16000US2420875%2C16000US2421475%2C16000US2421825%2C16000US2423975%2C16000US2424650%2C16000US2424950%2C16000US2425050 2. Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B01003 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS) — Community source — https://api.censusreporter.org/1.0/data/show/acs2024_5yr?table_ids=B01003&geo_ids=16000US2419125 3. Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B25064 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS) — Community source — https://api.censusreporter.org/1.0/data/show/acs2024_5yr?table_ids=B25064&geo_ids=16000US2419125 4. Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS) — Community source — https://api.censusreporter.org/1.0/data/show/acs2024_5yr?table_ids=B20002&geo_ids=16000US2419125 5. US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) — Official source — https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/annual_conc_by_monitor_2024.zip 6. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — Official source — https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/ 7. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — Official source — https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_PRCP.csv 8. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — Official source — https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMAX.csv 9. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — Official source — https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TAVG.csv 10. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — Official source — https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/data-composite-primary-parameters/wmo_normals_9120_TMIN.csv 11. U.S. Census Bureau (TIGERweb ArcGIS REST service) — Official source — https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=1%3D1&outFields=GEOID,NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,INTPTLAT,INTPTLON,LSADC,FUNCSTAT,BASENAME&returnGeometry=false&f=json 12. OpenFlights — Official source — https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpatokal/openflights/master/data/routes.dat 13. OurAirports — Official source — https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv ## Cite This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. ### APA ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 14). Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62; version approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/ Retrieved 2026-09-14. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ### BibTeX ```bibtex @misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_columbia-united-states-rent-salary-jobs-air-quality_db891927d01b, author = {ImmigrationDB}, title = {Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality}, publisher = {ImmigrationDB}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-14}, version = {approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62}, snapshot = {approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62}, url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/}, note = {Retrieved 2026-09-14. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}, } ``` ### Markdown [Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62; version approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62; retrieved 2026-09-14; built 2026-09-14. - Citation schema: `immigrationdb-citation-v1` - Canonical URL: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/ - Title: Columbia, United States: rent, salary, jobs, air quality - Author: ImmigrationDB - Publisher: ImmigrationDB - Snapshot: `approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62` - Version: `approved-static-c751ebb1b4085a62` - Retrieved: 2026-09-14 - Built: 2026-09-14 - Compilation license: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ## Data - HTML: https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbia/ - JSON: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/us/columbia.json - Markdown: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/us/columbia.md - MCP resource: immigrationdb://city/us/columbia - Metric dictionary: https://immigrationdb.com/data/metrics.json - City shard index: https://immigrationdb.com/data/cities/index.json - Release catalog: https://immigrationdb.com/data/catalog.json