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the figure is the occupation group's." }, "work_route_threshold": { "status": "published", "value_eur_year": 31918.83, "period": "current" }, "sources": [ { "source_id": "source-517fee49a46f", "source_url": "https://en.mitos.gov.gr/index.php?title=%CE%94%CE%94%3AAnnouncement_for_the_upgrade_to_a_Class_A_Accountant_/_Tax_Consultant", "source_title": "At-a-glance: Economic Chamber of Greece (OEE); specific Class A tax accountant scope; EUR 100 fee, digitally estimated 17 days; updated 31 July 2026.", "publisher": "National Registry of Administrative Public Services (MITOS)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-15" }, { "source_id": "source-cf7dcb675b16", "source_url": "https://eures.europa.eu/living-and-working/labour-shortages-and-surpluses-europe_en", "source_title": "NCO.json key=1; A=AT; B=2025; C=2143; D=Environmental engineers; E=Shortage; F=Low", "publisher": "European Labour Authority / EURES", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "source-bb91ed661eb6", "source_url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/eu-blue-card/eu-blue-card-greece_en", "source_title": "Country work-route threshold", "publisher": "European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-25" }, { "source_id": "source-166054b628fb", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/earn_ses22_25?lang=en&format=JSON&freq=A&sex=T&indic_se=ERN&sizeclas=10-49&unit=EUR&geo=EL", "source_title": "Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (earn_ses22_25)", "publisher": "Eurostat", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-30" } ] }, { "country_code": "HU", "country": "Hungary", "canonical_path": "/move-as/accountant/hungary/", "data_path": "/data/move-as/accountant/hungary.json", "regulation": { "status": "regulated", "record_count": 2, "canonical_record_count": 2, "source_layer": "current profession record", "authorities": [ "For foreign higher-education credentials used for employment or professional purposes, OH-MEIK in the Educational Authority is the official diploma-recognition authority; 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DETE lists several bodies and a separate MNC global-audit pathway." ], "processes": [ "Use the competent professional body for the specific chartered/certified/audit activity; recognition is body- and qualification-specific, with a distinct MNC audit case.", "General system of recognition - primary application" ], "records": [ { "national_slug": "accountant", "national_name": "accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "exact-slug", "recognition_authority": "The relevant recognised accountancy body; DETE lists several bodies and a separate MNC global-audit pathway.", "recognition_process": "Use the competent professional body for the specific chartered/certified/audit activity; recognition is body- and qualification-specific, with a distinct MNC audit case.", "source_id": "source-694e645a465e" }, { "national_slug": "certified-public-accountant", "national_name": "Certified Public Accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "descriptor-strong", "recognition_authority": null, "recognition_process": "General system of recognition - primary application", "source_id": "source-a75cd2af42d2" }, { "national_slug": "chartered-accountant-auditor", "national_name": "Chartered Accountant/Auditor", "crosswalk_tier": "descriptor-strong", "recognition_authority": null, "recognition_process": "General system of recognition - primary application", "source_id": "source-a75cd2af42d2" }, { "national_slug": "chartered-certified-accountant", "national_name": "Chartered Certified Accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "descriptor-strong", "recognition_authority": null, "recognition_process": "General system of recognition - primary application", "source_id": "source-a75cd2af42d2" }, { "national_slug": "incorporated-public-accountant", "national_name": "Incorporated Public Accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "descriptor-strong", "recognition_authority": null, "recognition_process": "General system of recognition - primary application", "source_id": "source-a75cd2af42d2" } ] }, "shortage": { "status": "no_exact_matching_row", "record_count": 0, "records": [] }, "language_requirement": { "status": "not_collected", "values": [] }, "salary": { "status": "published", "scope": "occupation_group", "occupation_group": "Professionals", "statistic": "mean", "amount": 6785.328, "unit": "EUR/month", "gross_or_net": "gross", "period": "2024", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "reason": "No exact profession-by-country salary value is published in this page input; the figure is the occupation group's." }, "work_route_threshold": { "status": "not_collected" }, "sources": [ { "source_id": "source-694e645a465e", "source_url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/employment-permit-eligibility/registration-bodies-for-certain-employments/", "source_title": "Schedule 2 registration bodies, employment-permit conditions; lines 68-142", "publisher": "Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-15" }, { "source_id": "source-a75cd2af42d2", "source_url": "https://api.tech.ec.europa.eu/regprof20/prodmigration/regprofs?lang=EN&id_country=7&pagenum=1&maxrows=100&sort_col=1&sort_dir=ASC", "source_title": "JSON list[].id=660731; list[].name; list[].country; list[].directive; list[].qualification; list[].qualification_level", "publisher": "European Commission Regulated Professions Database", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "source-398a3292ae25", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "source_title": "ILOSTAT mean earnings by occupation (EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB)", "publisher": "ILO", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-30" } ] }, { "country_code": "IT", "country": "Italy", "canonical_path": "/move-as/accountant/italy/", "data_path": "/data/move-as/accountant/italy.json", "regulation": { "status": "regulated", "record_count": 1, "canonical_record_count": 1, "source_layer": "current profession record", "authorities": [ "The Ministry of Justice handles recognition of dottore commercialista and esperto contabile titles; 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The exam is conducted only in Japanese; qualification also requires at least three years of relevant experience, a three-year professional education programme, final assessments and JICPA registration." ], "records": [ { "national_slug": "accountant", "national_name": "accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "exact-slug", "recognition_authority": "For the Japanese CPA route, the Financial Services Agency conducts the statutory qualification framework and JICPA performs mandated professional registration.", "recognition_process": "Foreign CPA/chartered-accountant credentials receive no exemption from the Japanese CPA examination. 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JICPA publishes no CEFR equivalence on the checked page." ] }, "salary": { "status": "not_collected", "reason": "No exact profession-by-country salary value is published in this page input." }, "work_route_threshold": { "status": "not_collected" }, "sources": [ { "source_id": "source-48f7d6fdc57a", "source_url": "https://jicpa.or.jp/english/what-we-do/profession/", "source_title": "JICPA CPA requirements, examination, experience and registration.", "publisher": "Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (JICPA)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-15" } ] }, { "country_code": "LV", "country": "Latvia", "canonical_path": "/move-as/accountant/latvia/", "data_path": "/data/move-as/accountant/latvia.json", "regulation": { "status": "regulated", "record_count": 1, "canonical_record_count": 1, "source_layer": "current profession record", "authorities": [ "The State Revenue Service issues licences for outsourced accounting-service providers." ], "processes": [ "An outsourced-accounting provider needs a VID licence; the responsible accountant must satisfy education and experience rules." ], "records": [ { "national_slug": "accountant", "national_name": "accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "exact-slug", "recognition_authority": "The State Revenue Service issues licences for outsourced accounting-service providers.", "recognition_process": "An outsourced-accounting provider needs a VID licence; the responsible accountant must satisfy education and experience rules.", "source_id": "source-cfa35362ab1d" } ] }, "shortage": { "status": "no_exact_matching_row", "record_count": 0, "records": [] }, "language_requirement": { "status": "not_collected", "values": [] }, "salary": { "status": "published", "scope": "occupation_group", "occupation_group": "Professionals", "statistic": "mean", "amount": 2488, "unit": "EUR/month", "gross_or_net": "gross", "period": "2022", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/earn_ses22_25?lang=en&format=JSON&freq=A&sex=T&indic_se=ERN&sizeclas=10-49&unit=EUR&geo=LV", "reason": "No exact profession-by-country salary value is published in this page input; 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the prospective employer sets job requirements." ], "processes": [ "For a non-regulated occupation, the general regulated-profession recognition process is not required; an applicant can apply directly to an employer." ], "records": [ { "national_slug": "accountant", "national_name": "accountant", "crosswalk_tier": "exact-slug", "recognition_authority": "No professional-qualification recognition authority is assigned to the broad title as a non-regulated profession; the prospective employer sets job requirements.", "recognition_process": "For a non-regulated occupation, the general regulated-profession recognition process is not required; an applicant can apply directly to an employer.", "source_id": "source-a054ccbba0ee" } ] }, "shortage": { "status": "no_exact_matching_row", "record_count": 0, "records": [] }, "language_requirement": { "status": "not_collected", "values": [] }, "salary": { "status": "published", "scope": "occupation_group", "occupation_group": "Professionals", "statistic": "mean", "amount": 2637.156, "unit": "EUR/month", "gross_or_net": "gross", "period": "2024", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "reason": "No exact profession-by-country salary value is published in this page input; the figure is the occupation group's." }, "work_route_threshold": { "status": "not_collected" }, "sources": [ { "source_id": "source-a054ccbba0ee", "source_url": "https://www.inovacijuagentura.lt/en/point-of-single-contact/requirements-and-regulations/", "source_title": "Current page updated 2026-05-06: says Lithuania has 44 regulated professions, names the regulated list and says recognition is not required for an unregulated profession.", "publisher": "Innovation Agency of Lithuania", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-15" }, { "source_id": "source-9f7a4883e674", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "source_title": "ILOSTAT mean earnings by occupation (EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB)", "publisher": "ILO", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-30" } ] }, { "country_code": "LU", "country": "Luxembourg", "canonical_path": "/move-as/accountant/luxembourg/", "data_path": "/data/move-as/accountant/luxembourg.json", "regulation": { "status": "regulated", "record_count": 2, "canonical_record_count": 2, "source_layer": "current profession record", "authorities": [ "The Ministry of the Economy issues the business permit for independent accountants; 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the figure is the occupation group's." }, "work_route_threshold": { "status": "published", "value_eur_year": 35394, "period": "current" }, "sources": [ { "source_id": "source-dc381294cc7c", "source_url": "https://api.tech.ec.europa.eu/regprof20/prodmigration/regprofs?lang=EN&id_country=22&pagenum=1&maxrows=100&sort_col=1&sort_dir=ASC", "source_title": "JSON list[].id=656803; list[].name; list[].country; list[].directive; list[].qualification; list[].qualification_level", "publisher": "European Commission Regulated Professions Database", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "source-b02528327b1e", "source_url": "https://mfhea.mt/list-of-regulated-professions-and-competent-authorities/", "source_title": "Named profession and competent-authority rows in the official register; statutory route pages for profession-specific controls.", "publisher": "Malta Further and Higher Education Authority", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-15" }, { "source_id": "source-d6a29910cbb2", "source_url": "https://nso.gov.mt/labour-market-main-page/", "source_title": "Country work-route threshold", "publisher": "National Statistics Office Malta", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-25" }, { "source_id": "source-aa96cbab4a5c", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "source_title": "ILOSTAT mean earnings by occupation (EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB)", "publisher": "ILO", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-30" } ] }, { "country_code": "NL", "country": "Netherlands", "canonical_path": "/move-as/accountant/netherlands/", "data_path": "/data/move-as/accountant/netherlands.json", "regulation": { "status": "regulated", "record_count": 2, "canonical_record_count": 2, "source_layer": "current profession record", "authorities": [ "NBA assesses foreign accountant qualifications for protected RA/AA titles; 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NBA states the exams may be oral in Dutch or English, but preparation materials are Dutch, so applicants need sufficient Dutch reading comprehension." ] }, "salary": { "status": "published", "scope": "occupation_group", "occupation_group": "Professionals", "statistic": "mean", "amount": 6342.778, "unit": "EUR/month", "gross_or_net": "gross", "period": "2024", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "reason": "No exact profession-by-country salary value is published in this page input; the figure is the occupation group's." }, "work_route_threshold": { "status": "not_collected" }, "sources": [ { "source_id": "source-c6a88ecfa501", "source_url": "https://api.tech.ec.europa.eu/regprof20/prodmigration/regprofs?lang=EN&id_country=10&pagenum=1&maxrows=100&sort_col=1&sort_dir=ASC", "source_title": "JSON list[].id=658139; list[].name; list[].country; list[].directive; list[].qualification; list[].qualification_level", "publisher": "European Commission Regulated Professions Database", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "source-655bfb33c5e5", "source_url": "https://api.tech.ec.europa.eu/regprof20/prodmigration/professions?lang=EN&id_country=10&pagenum=1&maxrows=200", "source_title": "Dutch catalogue results for the exact generic titles; national records cross-checked in the 188-row country-filtered register. See evidence.md for matching titles and scope.", "publisher": "European Commission", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-10-15" }, { "source_id": "source-cf7dcb675b16", "source_url": "https://eures.europa.eu/living-and-working/labour-shortages-and-surpluses-europe_en", "source_title": "NCO.json key=1; A=AT; B=2025; C=2143; D=Environmental engineers; E=Shortage; F=Low", "publisher": "European Labour Authority / EURES", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "source-70d2d7218cb0", "source_url": "https://rplumber.ilo.org/data/indicator?id=EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB", "source_title": "ILOSTAT mean earnings by occupation (EAR_EMTA_SEX_OCU_CUR_NB)", "publisher": "ILO", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-30" } ] }, { "country_code": "NZ", "country": "New Zealand", "canonical_path": "/move-as/accountant/new-zealand/", "data_path": "/data/move-as/accountant/new-zealand.json", "regulation": { "status": "regulated", "record_count": 1, "canonical_record_count": 1, "source_layer": "current profession record", "authorities": [ "The frozen accountant group has no single recognition authority for all jobs; 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