{ "snapshot_id": "approved-static-c6015be852c3d22b", "page_version": "f08724395d32dfa6d9f0731f729ea130", "content_date": "2026-09-29", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-report-dataset-v1", "generated_at": "2026-09-29", "citation": { "@type": "CreativeWork", "@id": "https://immigrationdb.com/reports/belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air/#citation", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-citation-v1", "citation_type": "ImmigrationDB compilation", "canonical_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/reports/belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air/", "title": "Cities with cleanest air in Belgium", "author": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "publisher": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "snapshot_id": "approved-static-c6015be852c3d22b", "version": "f08724395d32dfa6d9f0731f729ea130", "retrieval_date": "2026-09-29", "build_date": "2026-09-29", "compilation_license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "terms_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/" }, "formats": { "apa": "ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 29). Cities with cleanest air in Belgium [ImmigrationDB compilation; version f08724395d32dfa6d9f0731f729ea130]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/reports/belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air/ Retrieved 2026-09-29. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "bibtex": "@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_cities-with-cleanest-air-in-belgium_949fb588cdb3,\n author = {ImmigrationDB},\n title = {Cities with cleanest air in Belgium},\n publisher = {ImmigrationDB},\n year = {2026},\n date = {2026-09-29},\n version = {f08724395d32dfa6d9f0731f729ea130},\n url = {https://immigrationdb.com/reports/belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air/},\n note = {Retrieved 2026-09-29. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n}", "markdown": "[Cities with cleanest air in Belgium](https://immigrationdb.com/reports/belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version f08724395d32dfa6d9f0731f729ea130; retrieved 2026-09-29; built 2026-09-29." }, "boundary_note": "This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately." }, "underlying_source_references": [ { "source_id": "633:source:ca8c1b02a743a59a836eb200419b15c3", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D%27BE%27%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json", "source_title": "EEA air quality statistics — BE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station 43N113 - SAINT-ODE)", "publisher": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-01" }, { "source_id": "source-27dfdf68ee11", "source_url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "source_title": "IRCEL/CELINE (Belgian Interregional Environment Agency)", "publisher": "IRCEL/CELINE (Belgian Interregional Environment Agency)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-07" }, { "source_id": "source-2e3d739c3a75", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D%27BE%27+AND+AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27+AND+YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant%2CAirPollutionLevel%2CCountry_ISO%2CStationName%2CYearOfStatistics%2CUnitOfAirpollutionLevel%2CReportingMetric%2CLatitudeOfMeasurementStation%2CLongitudeOfMeasurementStation%2CDataCoverage%2CPreliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json", "source_title": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "publisher": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-06" } ], "report": { "schema_version": "immigrationdb-generated-report-v1", "canonical_slug": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air", "canonical_path": "/reports/belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air/", "title": "Cities with cleanest air in Belgium", "question": "Cities with cleanest air in Belgium", "short_answer": "Bastogne, Belgium has the lowest pm2.5 — annual mean of the 30 cities compared: 3 µg/m³ (EEA air quality statistics — BE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station 43N113 - SAINT-ODE), 2024-12-31).", "summary": "Belgium cities ranked by annual PM2.5 concentration, not by current readings.", "report_type": "data_driven_report", "scope": "city", "status": "accepted", "indexability": "indexable", "population_floor": 20000, "excluded_counts": { "population_floor": 524 }, "not_advice_disclaimer": "This ranking is a source-backed reference. Read the source, geographic grain and observation date before comparing rows.", "methodology_id": "methodology-belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air-v1", "methodology": { "summary": "Every row is a published pm2.5 — annual mean observation, ranked lowest first. The values were observed in 2024. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value. Only published cities with at least 20,000 residents and city-level observations qualify.", "formula": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3 asc", "assumptions": [ "Source definitions, geographic grain and observation period remain visible for every row." ], "exclusions": [ "Supplemental sources, null values, incompatible units, rows without direct source URLs, places below the population floor, non-city observations and copied values are excluded." ], "source_policy": "Verified sources with direct URL and visible scope" }, "freshness": { "last_checked": "2026-08-07", "status": "generated_from_current_reusable_facts", "field_dates_visible": true, "verified_at": "2026-08-07" }, "rows": [ { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:82039", "label": "Bastogne, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/bastogne/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 21010, "value": 3, "value_display": "3 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "nearest_station", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "633:source:ca8c1b02a743a59a836eb200419b15c3" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "633:source:ca8c1b02a743a59a836eb200419b15c3", "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D'BE'%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D'PM2.5'%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: nearest_station", "retrieved_at": "2026-08-01" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:geonames:2797638", "label": "Geraardsbergen, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/geraardsbergen/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 35236, "value": 3, "value_display": "3 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "source-27dfdf68ee11" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "source-27dfdf68ee11", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-08-07" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:62022", "label": "Chaudfontaine, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/chaudfontaine/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 20525, "value": 4.391257, "value_display": "4.39 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:63079", "label": "Verviers, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/verviers/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 56182, "value": 4.890437, "value_display": "4.89 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:92142", "label": "Gembloux, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/gembloux/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 26573, "value": 4.961749, "value_display": "4.96 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:58002", "label": "Binche, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/binche/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 33841, "value": 5.369672, "value_display": "5.37 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:92003", "label": "Andenne, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/andenne/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 28239, "value": 5.482787, "value_display": "5.48 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:52021", "label": "Fleurus, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/fleurus/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 23037, "value": 5.54918, "value_display": "5.55 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:63023", "label": "Eupen, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/eupen/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 20145, "value": 5.550546, "value_display": "5.55 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:52015", "label": "Courcelles, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/courcelles/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 31673, "value": 5.749727, "value_display": "5.75 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:92137", "label": "Sambreville, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/sambreville/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 28587, "value": 5.818033, "value_display": "5.82 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:92094", "label": "Namur, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/namur/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 115457, "value": 5.864754, "value_display": "5.86 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "belgium-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:be:nis5:61031", "label": "Huy, Belgium", "canonical_path": "/cities/be/huy/", "country_code": "BE", "population_total": 21913, "value": 5.874044, "value_display": "5.87 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25", "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; 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