{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-3a22e983d4276070",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-report-dataset-v1",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-15",
  "report": {
    "schema_version": "immigrationdb-generated-report-v1",
    "canonical_slug": "cities-with-cleanest-air",
    "canonical_path": "/reports/cities-with-cleanest-air/",
    "title": "Cities with the lowest PM2.5 levels",
    "question": "Cities with the lowest PM2.5 levels",
    "short_answer": "Halifax, Canada is first in the current Air Quality Pm25 Annual Ug M3 ranking at 1.9 ug/m3.",
    "summary": "Cities ranked by the lowest available annual PM2.5 observation from the same selected metric family.",
    "report_type": "data_driven_report",
    "scope": "multi-country cities",
    "status": "accepted",
    "indexability": "indexable",
    "not_advice_disclaimer": "This ranking is a source-backed reference. Read the source, geographic grain and observation date before comparing rows.",
    "methodology_id": "methodology-cities-with-cleanest-air-v1",
    "methodology": {
      "summary": "Select one metric (air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3), keep only numeric A/B rows with direct source URLs, sort ascending, and retain the original geographic fallback label.",
      "formula": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3 asc",
      "assumptions": [
        "Rows use the same selected metric ID and unit."
      ],
      "exclusions": [
        "C/D sources, null values and rows without direct source URLs are excluded."
      ],
      "source_policy": "A/B sources with direct URL and visible scope"
    },
    "freshness": {
      "last_checked": "2026-07-15",
      "status": "generated_from_current_reusable_facts",
      "field_dates_visible": true
    },
    "rows": [
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2131",
        "label": "Halifax, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 1.9,
        "value_display": "1.9 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:corner-brook",
        "label": "Corner Brook, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 1.95,
        "value_display": "1.95 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:charlottetown",
        "label": "Charlottetown, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.08,
        "value_display": "2.08 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2092055",
        "label": "Stratford, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.08,
        "value_display": "2.08 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:moncton",
        "label": "Moncton, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.21,
        "value_display": "2.21 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:saint-john",
        "label": "Saint John, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.3275,
        "value_display": "2.3275 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2013",
        "label": "Richmond, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.447,
        "value_display": "2.447 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:fredericton",
        "label": "Fredericton, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.48,
        "value_display": "2.48 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:north-vancouver",
        "label": "North Vancouver, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.492222,
        "value_display": "2.4922 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2463899",
        "label": "Vancouver, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.492222,
        "value_display": "2.4922 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q1017298",
        "label": "Delta, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.502857,
        "value_display": "2.5029 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2009",
        "label": "Chilliwack, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.52,
        "value_display": "2.52 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2017",
        "label": "Burnaby, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.561,
        "value_display": "2.561 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:port-moody",
        "label": "Port Moody, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.561,
        "value_display": "2.561 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2010",
        "label": "Coquitlam, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.5625,
        "value_display": "2.5625 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:wikidata:Q2130",
        "label": "Surrey, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.578182,
        "value_display": "2.5782 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:port-coquitlam",
        "label": "Port Coquitlam, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.583333,
        "value_display": "2.5833 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:maple-ridge",
        "label": "Maple Ridge, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.688333,
        "value_display": "2.6883 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:pt:wikidata:Q1000041",
        "label": "Alcoutim, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 2.76968039,
        "value_display": "2.7697 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "B",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:nanaimo",
        "label": "Nanaimo, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.775,
        "value_display": "2.775 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-cleanest-air:city:ca:slug:abbotsford",
        "label": "Abbotsford, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.795,
        "value_display": "2.795 ug/m3",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_grade": "A",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
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}