{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-6fbe9b847dfeb5d6",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-report-dataset-v1",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-16",
  "report": {
    "schema_version": "immigrationdb-generated-report-v1",
    "canonical_slug": "cities-with-lowest-no2",
    "canonical_path": "/reports/cities-with-lowest-no2/",
    "title": "Cities with the lowest annual NO2",
    "question": "Cities with the lowest annual NO2",
    "short_answer": "Boden, Sweden is first in the current published ranking at 0.4592 µg/m³; compare its source date and geographic grain before using the result.",
    "summary": "Published annual nitrogen-dioxide observations ranked from lowest to highest using one unit and metric.",
    "report_type": "data_driven_report",
    "scope": "multi-country cities",
    "status": "accepted",
    "indexability": "indexable",
    "not_advice_disclaimer": "This ranking is a source-backed reference. Read the source, geographic grain and observation date before comparing rows.",
    "methodology_id": "methodology-cities-with-lowest-no2-v1",
    "methodology": {
      "summary": "Use compatible published metric fields (air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3), keep numeric verified rows with direct source URLs, and sort ascending.",
      "formula": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3 asc",
      "assumptions": [
        "Rows use compatible displayed units; source definitions and geographic grain remain available in the linked evidence."
      ],
      "exclusions": [
        "Supplemental sources, null values and rows without direct source URLs are excluded."
      ],
      "source_policy": "Verified sources with direct URL and visible scope"
    },
    "freshness": {
      "last_checked": "2026-07-15",
      "status": "generated_from_current_reusable_facts",
      "field_dates_visible": true
    },
    "rows": [
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:se:wikidata:Q509476",
        "label": "Boden, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 0.45916666666666656,
        "value_display": "0.4592 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api",
            "url": "https://datavardluft.smhi.se/52North/api/timeseries/{id}/getData",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:se:wikidata:Q645351",
        "label": "Kramfors, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 0.5376923076923077,
        "value_display": "0.5377 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api",
            "url": "https://datavardluft.smhi.se/52North/api/timeseries/{id}/getData",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:se:wikidata:Q501205",
        "label": "Sunne, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 0.6658333333333334,
        "value_display": "0.6658 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api",
            "url": "https://datavardluft.smhi.se/52North/api/timeseries/{id}/getData",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:se:wikidata:Q510135",
        "label": "Torsby, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 0.6891666666666666,
        "value_display": "0.6892 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api",
            "url": "https://datavardluft.smhi.se/52North/api/timeseries/{id}/getData",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:se:wikidata:Q54357",
        "label": "Motala, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 0.79,
        "value_display": "0.79 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api",
            "url": "https://datavardluft.smhi.se/52North/api/timeseries/{id}/getData",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:pt:wikidata:Q726910",
        "label": "Alandroal, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 0.99426364,
        "value_display": "0.9943 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:fr:insee5:26220",
        "label": "Nyons, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 1.1830188679245324,
        "value_display": "1.183 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:pt:wikidata:Q1012714",
        "label": "Vouzela, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 1.33863402,
        "value_display": "1.3386 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:pt:wikidata:Q551693",
        "label": "Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 1.44780277,
        "value_display": "1.4478 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:pt:wikidata:Q752123",
        "label": "Santana, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 1.45866986,
        "value_display": "1.4587 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:fr:insee5:17347",
        "label": "Saint-Jean-d'Angély, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 1.5676481884521918,
        "value_display": "1.5676 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
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        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:pt:wikidata:Q1000041",
        "label": "Alcoutim, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 1.76069789,
        "value_display": "1.7607 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:fr:insee5:89025",
        "label": "Avallon, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 1.7794284209139917,
        "value_display": "1.7794 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:fr:insee5:33005",
        "label": "Andernos-les-Bains, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 1.9374012291483853,
        "value_display": "1.9374 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:fr:insee5:33011",
        "label": "Arès, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 1.9374012291483853,
        "value_display": "1.9374 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:uk:slug:egremont",
        "label": "Egremont, United Kingdom",
        "country_code": "UK",
        "value": 2.414601,
        "value_display": "2.4146 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
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        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
            "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:uk:slug:cleator-moor",
        "label": "Cleator Moor, United Kingdom",
        "country_code": "UK",
        "value": 2.41946,
        "value_display": "2.4195 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
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        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
            "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:uk:slug:amble",
        "label": "Amble, United Kingdom",
        "country_code": "UK",
        "value": 2.561807,
        "value_display": "2.5618 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
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        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
            "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:ca:slug:corner-brook",
        "label": "Corner Brook, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.576233,
        "value_display": "2.5762 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
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        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualNO2_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:ca:slug:fredericton",
        "label": "Fredericton, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.595037,
        "value_display": "2.595 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualNO2_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:ca:wikidata:Q1421406",
        "label": "Norfolk County, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.595037,
        "value_display": "2.595 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
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        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualNO2_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:uk:slug:millom",
        "label": "Millom, United Kingdom",
        "country_code": "UK",
        "value": 2.67756,
        "value_display": "2.6776 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
            "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:uk:slug:alnwick",
        "label": "Alnwick, United Kingdom",
        "country_code": "UK",
        "value": 2.678141,
        "value_display": "2.6781 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
            "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:ca:slug:charlottetown",
        "label": "Charlottetown, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.707865,
        "value_display": "2.7079 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualNO2_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:ca:wikidata:Q2092055",
        "label": "Stratford, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.707865,
        "value_display": "2.7079 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualNO2_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:de:wikidata:Q593813",
        "label": "Gersfeld (Rhön), Germany",
        "country_code": "DE",
        "value": 2.827338,
        "value_display": "2.8273 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "uba_air_data_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "uba_air_data_api",
            "url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2/measures/json",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:de:wikidata:Q522992",
        "label": "Braunlage, Germany",
        "country_code": "DE",
        "value": 2.929829,
        "value_display": "2.9298 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "uba_air_data_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "uba_air_data_api",
            "url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2/measures/json",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:no:slug:skien",
        "label": "Skien, Norway",
        "country_code": "NO",
        "value": 2.933363,
        "value_display": "2.9334 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "mdir_annual_2025_4003_no2"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "mdir_annual_2025_4003_no2",
            "url": "https://api-luftmalinger.miljodirektoratet.no/public/agg/4/2025-01-01/2025-12-31/Haukenes?components=NO2%3BPM10%3BPM2.5",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:be:nis5:84059",
        "label": "Saint-Hubert, Belgium",
        "country_code": "BE",
        "value": 2.971038,
        "value_display": "2.971 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-no2"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-no2",
            "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_no2_1990_2024.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-no2:city:de:wikidata:Q526353",
        "label": "Harzgerode, Germany",
        "country_code": "DE",
        "value": 2.974684,
        "value_display": "2.9747 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "uba_air_data_api"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "uba_air_data_api",
            "url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2/measures/json",
            "locator": "air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "claims": [],
    "source_ledger": [
      {
        "source_id": "naturvardsverket_smhi_air_rest_api",
        "url": "https://datavardluft.smhi.se/52North/api/timeseries/{id}/getData",
        "title": "Official exact-kommun station observations are derived to a kommun aggregate.",
        "publisher": "Naturvårdsverket via SMHI",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
        "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
        "title": "official validated air-quality station bulk; no exact target station-period input found",
        "publisher": "European Environment Agency",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
        "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
        "title": "2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.",
        "publisher": "EEA Air Quality e-Reporting / France reporting via LCSQA",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_no2:ec0f94fab921",
        "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=no2&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
        "title": "official estimated total annual mean background concentration",
        "publisher": "DEFRA UK Air",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_no2_annual",
        "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualNO2_EN.csv",
        "title": "Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met.",
        "publisher": "Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Program",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "uba_air_data_api",
        "url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2/measures/json",
        "title": "Official UBA station observation retained; station lies outside the exact target municipality and is not promoted.",
        "publisher": "Umweltbundesamt",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "mdir_annual_2025_4003_no2",
        "url": "https://api-luftmalinger.miljodirektoratet.no/public/agg/4/2025-01-01/2025-12-31/Haukenes?components=NO2%3BPM10%3BPM2.5",
        "title": "Official NO2 2025 calendar-year station aggregate for exact in-kommune background station input(s).",
        "publisher": "Miljødirektoratet — Luftkvalitet i Norge",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-no2",
        "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_no2_1990_2024.csv",
        "title": "Official RIO v2025 annual mean derived from daily population-weighted municipality concentrations for NIS5 11055; period 2024-01-01..2024-12-31",
        "publisher": "IRCELINE/CELINE",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      }
    ],
    "meaning_audit": [
      "Compare the displayed value, unit, source date and geographic grain together.",
      "A city label does not change a regional observation into a city measurement."
    ],
    "blockers": [],
    "counts": {
      "rows_total": 30,
      "rows_accepted": 30,
      "rows_blocked": 0,
      "accepted_items": 30,
      "blocked_items": 0
    }
  }
}