{
  "snapshot_id": "approved-static-6fbe9b847dfeb5d6",
  "schema_version": "immigrationdb-report-dataset-v1",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-16",
  "report": {
    "schema_version": "immigrationdb-generated-report-v1",
    "canonical_slug": "cities-with-lowest-pm25",
    "canonical_path": "/reports/cities-with-lowest-pm25/",
    "title": "Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5",
    "question": "Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5",
    "short_answer": "Halifax, Canada is first in the current published ranking at 1.9 µg/m³; compare its source date and geographic grain before using the result.",
    "summary": "Published annual PM2.5 observations in µg/m³, ranked from lowest to highest without mixing current readings.",
    "report_type": "data_driven_report",
    "scope": "multi-country cities",
    "status": "accepted",
    "indexability": "indexable",
    "not_advice_disclaimer": "This ranking is a source-backed reference. Read the source, geographic grain and observation date before comparing rows.",
    "methodology_id": "methodology-cities-with-lowest-pm25-v1",
    "methodology": {
      "summary": "Use compatible published metric fields (air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3, pm25_annual_ug_m3, pm25_annual_mean), keep numeric verified rows with direct source URLs, and sort ascending.",
      "formula": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3 | pm25_annual_ug_m3 | pm25_annual_mean asc",
      "assumptions": [
        "Rows use compatible displayed units; source definitions and geographic grain remain available in the linked evidence."
      ],
      "exclusions": [
        "Supplemental sources, null values and rows without direct source URLs are excluded."
      ],
      "source_policy": "Verified sources with direct URL and visible scope"
    },
    "freshness": {
      "last_checked": "2026-07-15",
      "status": "generated_from_current_reusable_facts",
      "field_dates_visible": true
    },
    "rows": [
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:ca:wikidata:Q2131",
        "label": "Halifax, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 1.9,
        "value_display": "1.9 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:ca:slug:corner-brook",
        "label": "Corner Brook, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 1.95,
        "value_display": "1.95 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:ca:slug:charlottetown",
        "label": "Charlottetown, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.08,
        "value_display": "2.08 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:ca:wikidata:Q2092055",
        "label": "Stratford, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.08,
        "value_display": "2.08 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:ca:slug:moncton",
        "label": "Moncton, Canada",
        "country_code": "CA",
        "value": 2.21,
        "value_display": "2.21 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
            "url": "https://data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca/api/file?path=%2Fair%2Fmonitor%2Fnational-air-pollution-surveillance-naps-program%2FData-Donnees%2F2024%2FContinuousData-DonneesContinu%2FAnnualSummaries-SommairesAnnuels%2F2024_AnnualPM25_EN.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:pt:wikidata:Q1000041",
        "label": "Alcoutim, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 2.76968039,
        "value_display": "2.7697 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:pt:wikidata:Q752123",
        "label": "Santana, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 2.84429161,
        "value_display": "2.8443 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:se:wikidata:Q493815",
        "label": "Gällivare, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 2.8452339007304266,
        "value_display": "2.8452 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "smhi_natmodluft_2023:88a3ca7bcf86"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:88a3ca7bcf86",
            "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=G%C3%A4llivare",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:pt:wikidata:Q193677",
        "label": "Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 2.89204493,
        "value_display": "2.892 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:pt:wikidata:Q159457",
        "label": "Faro, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 2.90583451,
        "value_display": "2.9058 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:se:wikidata:Q514707",
        "label": "Krokom, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 2.9066702326138816,
        "value_display": "2.9067 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "smhi_natmodluft_2023:beea6ac5d79f"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:beea6ac5d79f",
            "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=Krokom",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:se:wikidata:Q271153",
        "label": "Åre, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 2.9085793239729747,
        "value_display": "2.9086 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "smhi_natmodluft_2023:4c92cb6cec9d"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:4c92cb6cec9d",
            "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=%C3%85re",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:se:wikidata:Q948462",
        "label": "Lycksele, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 2.9179786443710327,
        "value_display": "2.918 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "smhi_natmodluft_2023:eb2a44a53917"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:eb2a44a53917",
            "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=Lycksele",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:se:wikidata:Q510135",
        "label": "Torsby, Sweden",
        "country_code": "SE",
        "value": 3.043604075908661,
        "value_display": "3.0436 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "smhi_natmodluft_2023:0b2446e1f49e"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:0b2446e1f49e",
            "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=Torsby",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:pt:wikidata:Q990385",
        "label": "Horta, Portugal",
        "country_code": "PT",
        "value": 3.42530792,
        "value_display": "3.4253 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
            "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:fi:wikidata:Q1020050",
        "label": "Rovaniemi, Finland",
        "country_code": "FI",
        "value": 3.5,
        "value_display": "3.5 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "pm25_annual_mean",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "syke_air"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "syke_air",
            "url": "https://www.syke.fi/en-US",
            "locator": "pm25_annual_mean; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-06-12T00:00:00Z"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:be:nis5:84033",
        "label": "Léglise, Belgium",
        "country_code": "BE",
        "value": 3.527322,
        "value_display": "3.5273 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25",
            "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:be:nis5:84059",
        "label": "Saint-Hubert, Belgium",
        "country_code": "BE",
        "value": 3.573497,
        "value_display": "3.5735 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25",
            "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:be:nis5:82014",
        "label": "Houffalize, Belgium",
        "country_code": "BE",
        "value": 3.580874,
        "value_display": "3.5809 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25",
            "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:be:nis5:82036",
        "label": "Vaux-sur-Sûre, Belgium",
        "country_code": "BE",
        "value": 3.590164,
        "value_display": "3.5902 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25",
            "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:be:nis5:84010",
        "label": "Bouillon, Belgium",
        "country_code": "BE",
        "value": 3.621311,
        "value_display": "3.6213 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "irceline-rio-v2025-municipality-pm25",
            "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:fr:insee5:43040",
        "label": "Brioude, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 3.6289825016202113,
        "value_display": "3.629 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:fr:insee5:15187",
        "label": "Saint-Flour, France",
        "country_code": "FR",
        "value": 3.6289825016202113,
        "value_display": "3.629 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "eea_aq_ereporting_fr_2024",
            "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
            "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-07-15"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "row_id": "cities-with-lowest-pm25:city:no:slug:trondheim",
        "label": "Trondheim, Norway",
        "country_code": "NO",
        "value": 3.846584,
        "value_display": "3.8466 µg/m³",
        "status": "accepted",
        "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "source_ids": [
          "mdir_annual_2025_5001_pm25"
        ],
        "evidence": [
          {
            "source_id": "mdir_annual_2025_5001_pm25",
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            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_pm25:646f0a5cb387",
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        "label": "Alto Reno Terme, Italy",
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            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_pm25:646f0a5cb387",
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            "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_pm25:646f0a5cb387",
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    ],
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      {
        "source_id": "eccc_naps_2024_annual_dmean_pm25_annual",
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        "title": "Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.",
        "publisher": "Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Program",
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        "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a",
        "url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/",
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        "publisher": "European Environment Agency",
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      },
      {
        "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:88a3ca7bcf86",
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        "title": "Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.",
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        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:beea6ac5d79f",
        "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=Krokom",
        "title": "Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.",
        "publisher": "SMHI",
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        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:4c92cb6cec9d",
        "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=%C3%85re",
        "title": "Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.",
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        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:eb2a44a53917",
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        "title": "Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.",
        "publisher": "SMHI",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "smhi_natmodluft_2023:0b2446e1f49e",
        "url": "https://natmodluft.smhi.se/api/receptorsByMunicipality?municipality_name=Torsby",
        "title": "Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.",
        "publisher": "SMHI",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
      {
        "source_id": "syke_air",
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        "last_checked": "2026-06-12T00:00:00Z"
      },
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        "url": "http://ftp.irceline.be/rio4x4/gemeente/fgem_pop_pm25_2008_2024.csv",
        "title": "Official RIO v2025 annual mean derived from daily population-weighted municipality concentrations for NIS5 62093; period 2024-01-01..2024-12-31",
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        "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AirQualityDownloadServiceEUMonitoringStations/MapServer",
        "title": "2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.",
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      },
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        "source_id": "mdir_annual_2025_5001_pm25",
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        "title": "Official PM2.5 2025 calendar-year station aggregate for exact in-kommune background station input(s).",
        "publisher": "Miljødirektoratet — Luftkvalitet i Norge",
        "source_quality": "verified",
        "last_checked": "2026-07-15"
      },
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        "source_id": "defra_laqm_background_2021base_2025_pm25:646f0a5cb387",
        "url": "https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps.php?view=data&action=data&bkgrd-region=Northern_England&bkgrd-pollutant=pm25&bkgrd-year=2025&year=2021",
        "title": "official estimated total annual mean background concentration",
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        "title": "Official annual background concentration municipality summary; Mediana of the source municipality grid distribution",
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      }
    ],
    "meaning_audit": [
      "Compare the displayed value, unit, source date and geographic grain together.",
      "A city label does not change a regional observation into a city measurement."
    ],
    "blockers": [],
    "counts": {
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      "rows_accepted": 30,
      "rows_blocked": 0,
      "accepted_items": 30,
      "blocked_items": 0
    }
  }
}