{ "snapshot_id": "approved-static-bb6d69cd3c074ae2", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-report-dataset-v1", "generated_at": "2026-08-04", "report": { "schema_version": "immigrationdb-generated-report-v1", "canonical_slug": "cities-with-the-hottest-summers", "canonical_path": "/reports/cities-with-the-hottest-summers/", "title": "Cities with the hottest summers", "question": "Cities with the hottest summers", "short_answer": "Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is first in the current published ranking at 43.9 °C; compare its source date and geographic grain before using the result.", "summary": "The warmest month of each city's published monthly normals, ranked hottest first. This is an average daytime high for that month, not an all-time record temperature.", "report_type": "data_driven_report", "scope": "multi-country cities", "status": "accepted", "indexability": "indexable", "not_advice_disclaimer": "This ranking is a source-backed reference. Read the source, geographic grain and observation date before comparing rows.", "methodology_id": "methodology-cities-with-the-hottest-summers-v1", "methodology": { "summary": "Every row is a published observation measured in °C, ranked highest first. The values were observed between 1991 and 2020. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value.", "formula": " desc", "assumptions": [ "Source definitions, geographic grain and observation period remain visible for every row." ], "exclusions": [ "Supplemental sources, null values, incompatible units and rows without direct source URLs are excluded." ], "source_policy": "Verified sources with direct URL and visible scope" }, "freshness": { "last_checked": "2026-08-01", "status": "generated_from_current_reusable_facts", "field_dates_visible": true }, "rows": [ { "row_id": "cities-with-the-hottest-summers:city:sa:wikidata:Q3692", "label": "Riyadh, Saudi Arabia", "canonical_path": "/cities/sa/riyadh/", "country_code": "SA", "value": 43.9, "value_display": "43.9 °C", "unit": "°c", "geographic_grain": "city", "observation_period": "2020-12-31", "derivation": "Warmest of the twelve published monthly values of climate_monthly_high_c", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "source-87a5ad6298bc" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "source-87a5ad6298bc", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/SaudiArabia/CSV/RiyadhNew_40437.csv", "locator": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-26" } ] }, { "row_id": "cities-with-the-hottest-summers:city:ae:wikidata:Q1519", "label": "Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates", "canonical_path": "/cities/ae/abu-dhabi/", "country_code": "AE", "value": 43.4, "value_display": "43.4 °C", "unit": "°c", "geographic_grain": "city", "observation_period": "2020-12-31", "derivation": "Warmest of the twelve published monthly values of climate_monthly_high_c", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "source-ab6f3f7611e5" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "source-ab6f3f7611e5", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/UAE/CSV/AbuDhabiIntlAirport_41217.csv", "locator": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-26" } ] }, { "row_id": "cities-with-the-hottest-summers:us-place-0404720", "label": "Avondale, United States", "canonical_path": "/cities/us/avondale/", "country_code": "US", "value": 41.9, "value_display": "41.9 °C", "unit": "°c", "geographic_grain": "city", "observation_period": "2020-12-31", "derivation": "Warmest of the twelve published monthly values of climate_monthly_high_c", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "source-3cace2bb3664" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "source-3cace2bb3664", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USC00024829.csv", "locator": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived; 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"metric_id": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "source-4000e57b9ebb" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "source-4000e57b9ebb", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USC00024977.csv", "locator": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-29" } ] }, { "row_id": "cities-with-the-hottest-summers:us-place-0446000", "label": "Mesa, United States", "canonical_path": "/cities/us/mesa/", "country_code": "US", "value": 41.1, "value_display": "41.1 °C", "unit": "°c", "geographic_grain": "city", "observation_period": "2020-12-31", "derivation": "Warmest of the twelve published monthly values of climate_monthly_high_c", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "climate_warmest_month_high_c_derived", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "source-117f9ef9ee50" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "source-117f9ef9ee50", "url": 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