{ "snapshot_id": "approved-static-48d32b636f07abc8", "page_version": "399ac5cafa8433b8b3e9e4a5f5addf7c", "content_date": "2026-10-16", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-report-dataset-v1", "generated_at": "2026-10-25", "citation": { "@type": "CreativeWork", "@id": "https://immigrationdb.com/reports/portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air/#citation", "schema_version": "immigrationdb-citation-v1", "citation_type": "ImmigrationDB compilation", "canonical_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/reports/portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air/", "title": "Cities with cleanest air in Portugal", "author": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "publisher": { "name": "ImmigrationDB", "url": "https://immigrationdb.com/" }, "snapshot_id": "approved-static-48d32b636f07abc8", "version": "399ac5cafa8433b8b3e9e4a5f5addf7c", "retrieval_date": "2026-10-16", "build_date": "2026-10-16", "compilation_license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "terms_url": "https://immigrationdb.com/about/copyright/" }, "formats": { "apa": "ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Cities with cleanest air in Portugal [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 399ac5cafa8433b8b3e9e4a5f5addf7c]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/reports/portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "bibtex": "@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_cities-with-cleanest-air-in-portugal_e6e0250dfc9f,\n author = {ImmigrationDB},\n title = {Cities with cleanest air in Portugal},\n publisher = {ImmigrationDB},\n year = {2026},\n date = {2026-10-16},\n version = {399ac5cafa8433b8b3e9e4a5f5addf7c},\n url = {https://immigrationdb.com/reports/portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air/},\n note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},\n}", "markdown": "[Cities with cleanest air in Portugal](https://immigrationdb.com/reports/portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 399ac5cafa8433b8b3e9e4a5f5addf7c; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16." }, "boundary_note": "This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately." }, "underlying_source_references": [ { "source_id": "eea_air_quality_download_service_e1a", "source_url": "https://aqportal.discomap.eea.europa.eu/download-data/", "source_title": "official validated air-quality station bulk; no exact target station-period input found", "publisher": "European Environment Agency", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-07-15" }, { "source_id": "source-ea117e63a17c", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query", "source_title": "European Environment Agency", "publisher": "European Environment Agency", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-03" }, { "source_id": "633:source:28655bbd55f0c768dbd7f8c79f00a771", "source_url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query?where=Country_ISO%3D%27PT%27%20AND%20AirPollutant%3D%27PM2.5%27%20AND%20YearOfStatistics%3D2024&outFields=AirPollutant,AirPollutionLevel,Country_ISO,StationName,YearOfStatistics,UnitOfAirpollutionLevel,ReportingMetric,LatitudeOfMeasurementStation,LongitudeOfMeasurementStation,DataCoverage,Preliminary&returnGeometry=false&f=json", "source_title": "EEA air quality statistics — PT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Joaquim Magalhães)", "publisher": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-01" }, { "source_id": "source-783d5e8f6b69", "source_url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/air-pollution-documents/air-quality-and-health/who_ambient_air_quality_database_version_2024_%28v6.1%29.xlsx?download=true&sfvrsn=c504c0cd_3", "source_title": "cdn.who.int", "publisher": "cdn.who.int", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-08-26" }, { "source_id": "source-65f1aa1d0468", "source_url": "https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/App/AQViewer/download?f=csv&fqn=Airquality_Dissem.b2g.AirQualityStatistics", "source_title": "Annual AQ statistics (AirBase & e-Reporting merged)", "publisher": "European Environment Agency (EEA)", "source_quality": "verified", "last_checked": "2026-09-23" } ], "report": { "schema_version": "immigrationdb-generated-report-v1", "canonical_slug": "portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air", "canonical_path": "/reports/portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air/", "title": "Cities with cleanest air in Portugal", "question": "Cities with cleanest air in Portugal", "short_answer": "Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal has the lowest pm2.5 — annual mean of the 30 cities compared: 2.89 µg/m³ (official validated air-quality station bulk; no exact target station-period input found, 2024).", "summary": "Portugal cities ranked by annual PM2.5 concentration, not by current readings.", "report_type": "data_driven_report", "scope": "city", "status": "accepted", "indexability": "indexable", "population_floor": 20000, "excluded_counts": { "population_floor": 137 }, "not_advice_disclaimer": "This ranking is a source-backed reference. Read the source, geographic grain and observation date before comparing rows.", "methodology_id": "methodology-portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air-v1", "methodology": { "summary": "Every row is a published pm2.5 — annual mean observation, ranked lowest first. The values were observed between 2014 and 2024. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value. Only published cities with at least 20,000 residents and city-level observations qualify.", "formula": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3 asc", "assumptions": [ "Source definitions, geographic grain and observation period remain visible for every row." ], "exclusions": [ "Supplemental sources, null values, incompatible units, rows without direct source URLs, places below the population floor, non-city observations and copied values are excluded." ], "source_policy": "Verified sources with direct URL and visible scope" }, "freshness": { "last_checked": "2026-09-23", "status": "generated_from_current_reusable_facts", "field_dates_visible": true, "verified_at": "2026-09-23" }, "rows": [ { "row_id": "portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:pt:wikidata:Q193677", "label": "Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal", "canonical_path": "/cities/pt/angra-do-heroismo/", "country_code": "PT", "population_total": 35402, "value": 2.89204493, "value_display": "2.89 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "city", 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"source-ea117e63a17c", "url": "https://air.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/AirQuality/AQ_Statistics_WM/MapServer/0/query", "locator": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3; geographic grain: city", "retrieved_at": "2026-08-03" } ], "reader_label": "PM2.5 — annual mean", "label_owner_metric_id": null, "reader_label_role": "metric" }, { "row_id": "portugal-cities-with-cleanest-air:city:pt:wikidata:Q586722", "label": "Loulé, Portugal", "canonical_path": "/cities/pt/loule/", "country_code": "PT", "population_total": 70622, "value": 3, "value_display": "3 µg/m³", "unit": "µg/m³", "geographic_grain": "nearest_station", "source_locator": null, "observation_period": "2024-12-31", "derivation": "identity", "status": "accepted", "metric_id": "air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3", "source_quality": "verified", "source_ids": [ "633:source:28655bbd55f0c768dbd7f8c79f00a771" ], "evidence": [ { "source_id": "633:source:28655bbd55f0c768dbd7f8c79f00a771", "url": 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