Living in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures

In Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, tenants pay an average rent of €974 a month (2025) and unemployment is 5.3% (2021).

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures had a population of 20,287 at the end of 2022. The city faced an unemployment rate of 5.28% at the end of 2021. The foreign population count was 640 at the end of 2021.

Last checked 2026-10-1027 sources

Population20,287people31 Dec 2022Official source · Statistics Canada

Median gross salary4,248EUR/month31 Dec 2020Official source · Statistics Canada

Average rent973.6EUR/month31 Dec 2025Official source · Average Rent by Bedroom Type by Census Subdivision

Unemployment rate5.28%country median 8.4% — 37% belowOfficial source · Statistics Canada

Recorded crime3,493incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025Metro-area figureOfficial source · Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2025

PM2.5, annual mean7.18µg/m³31 Dec 2024Official source · data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca

Lower unemployment than 88% of Canadian cities that publish it and less recorded crime than 94% of Canadian cities that publish it.

Which Canada-wide rules apply when you move to Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in CanadaNational rates and thresholds that apply in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

At the end of 2021, 10.9% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing.

What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€50

Mobile plan, 10 GB€24

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited	49.79 EUR/month	30 Sept 2026	Bell Fibe 500 home internet³Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB	24.27 EUR/month	30 Sept 2026	Public Mobile 50GB plan¹⁰Official · national market
Households spending over 30% of income on rent	10.9 %	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁴Official
Dwellings	8,453 dwellings	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹²Official
Main residence dwellings	8,143 dwellings	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁵Official
Average monthly rent (two-bedroom)	710.9 EUR/month	31 Oct 2023	CMHC Urban Rental Market Survey — Average Rents in Urban Centres (CSD table), October 2023⁴Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)	973.6 EUR/month	31 Dec 2025	Average Rent by Bedroom Type by Census Subdivision²Official

Is Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile

Remote worker60%strong on work, weak on safety · range 50–70%

Skilled employee63%strong on work, weak on education · range 54–72%

Student44%strong on cost, weak on education · range 33–55%

Family57%strong on family, weak on education · range 46–68%

Retirement59%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 46–72%

Work and income

What is the typical salary in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The median gross salary is about 4,248 EUR/month (2020). The regional series (home-region basis, 2020) is a separate labelled row in the table.

City-scope median, gross, before tax and social contributions.

Median gross salary: 4,248 EUR/month · Statistics Canada¹⁶
Median gross salary (regional): 3,224 EUR/month · 2026-09-17 · www150.statcan.gc.ca²⁰

What is the unemployment rate in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The unemployment rate is about 5.3 % (2021).

Unemployment rate: 5.28 % · Statistics Canada¹⁷

Unemployment across cities in CanadaUnemployment in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures is 5.3%. Of 515 cities with data, 125 have unemployment of 6 to under 8%.

125

108

0–22–44–66–88–1010–1212–1414–1616–1818–2020–22

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures 5.3%

Unemployment rate (%)

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Employment rate	61.2 %	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁵Official
Median gross salary	4,248 EUR/month	31 Dec 2020	Statistics Canada¹⁶Official
Median gross salary (regional)	3,224 EUR/month	31 Dec 2020	www150.statcan.gc.ca²⁰Official
Unemployment rate	5.28 %country median 8.4%	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁷Official

What does a salary buy in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

Left over each month€2,135of €3,183 take-home

Rent
Internet
Mobile
Left over

Line-by-line breakdown and sources

Each month	€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.	€3,183
Rentaverage rent of a whole dwelling · official · Average Rent by Bedroom Type by Census Subdivision · 2025-12-31	− €974
Internet€50 · official · Bell Fibe 500 home internet · 2026-09-30	− €50
Mobile plan€24 · official · Public Mobile 50GB plan · 2026-09-30	− €24
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities	—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish	€2,135

Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures Salary needed to live in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Job Bank and public employment services — Public employment service

Government of Canada

Job SearchMigrant Support

Open official service

Open the Canada service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. Sources checked through 12 Aug 2026.

Safety

How safe is Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

Police recorded 3,493 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2025⁹

Recorded crime across major citiesSaint-Augustin-de-Desmaures highlighted among comparable cities

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Winnipeg7,894

Edmonton7,108

Halifax6,020

Vancouver5,438

Calgary4,796

London4,743

Québec4,630

Ottawa4,298

Hamilton4,257

Toronto4,177

Gatineau3,756

Montreal3,674

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents	3,493 incidents per 100,000	31 Dec 2025	Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2025⁹Official · metropolitan-area figure

Mobility and administration

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures's nearest airport was YQB, 7 km away and offered 18 direct destinations.

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Direct destinations from the nearest major airport	18 count	3 Aug 2026	OpenFlights⁷Official
Distance to the nearest major airport	7 km	3 Aug 2026	OurAirports⁸Official
Nearest major airport (IATA code)	YQB	3 Aug 2026	OurAirports⁸Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

IRCC newcomer language-learning services finder — State Language Course

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

For newcomers to Canada.

English, FrenchFree

Open official information

Open the full Canada section

National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures.

Find courses near Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 7.2 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

PM2.5 — annual mean: 7.18 µg/m³ · data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca⁵

Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³

PM2.57.2WHO 5 · EU 25

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in CanadaAnnual PM2.5 in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures is 7.2 µg/m³. Of 123 cities with data, 46 have annual PM2.5 of 3 to under 4 µg/m³.

1–22–33–44–55–66–77–88–99–1010–1113–1415–1616–1717–1820–2140–41

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures 7.2

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

Metric	Value	Period	Source
PM2.5 — annual mean	7.18 µg/m³	31 Dec 2024	data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca⁵Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context
Monthly extreme high temperature	Jan 6.83 · Feb 4.41 · Mar 20.74 · Apr 24.2 · May 28.35 · Jun 30.33 · Jul 30.71 · Aug 29.15 · Sep 28.66 · Oct 24.88 · Nov 19.17 · Dec 12.89 °C	31 Dec 2001	NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center⁶Official · coordinate grid
Monthly extreme low temperature	Jan -40.5 · Feb -40.56 · Mar -32.2 · Apr -17.81 · May -3.76 · Jun 1.46 · Jul 6.56 · Aug 5.73 · Sep -1.23 · Oct -7.21 · Nov -19.37 · Dec -31.54 °C	31 Dec 2001	NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center⁶Official · coordinate grid
Average temperature by month	Jan -12.48 · Feb -10.94 · Mar -5.38 · Apr 3.35 · May 11.12 · Jun 16.4 · Jul 19.31 · Aug 18.27 · Sep 14.23 · Oct 6.97 · Nov -0.1 · Dec -7.89 °C	31 Dec 2001	NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center⁶Official · coordinate grid

Population and city profile

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures covered an area of 85.8 km² at the end of 2021. Households in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures numbered 8,145 at the end of 2021. Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures recorded a median age of 48.8 years at the end of 2021.

How many people live in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The published population was 20,287 people in 2022. Source: Statistics Canada¹³

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

By nationality

National passport96.8%

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Area	85.8 km²	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁵Official
City area	85.8 km²	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁸Official
Foreign-resident share	3.32 %	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹¹Official
Foreign residents	640 people	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹¹Official
Population density	232 people/km²	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁸Official
Population	20,287 people	31 Dec 2022	Statistics Canada¹³Official

Population over time22 published observations, 2001–2022

15,699

17,342

18,984

20,627

20,28720012005200920152022

Population rose 26.5% between 2001 and 2022, from 16,039 to 20,287.

International community in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published group	People	Share
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data	645	100.0%
Europe	295	45.7%
France	150	23.3%
Americas	145	22.5%
Africa	140	21.7%
Asia	65	10.1%
Colombia	50	7.8%
Other places of birth in Americas	50	7.8%
Other places of birth in Africa	50	7.8%
Other places of birth in Europe	45	7.0%
Morocco	45	7.0%

Show 11 more groups

Published group	People	Share
Algeria	40	6.2%
Mexico	20	3.1%
United States of America	15	2.3%
Italy	15	2.3%
Romania	15	2.3%
China	15	2.3%
Viet Nam	15	2.3%
Haiti	10	1.6%
Germany	10	1.6%
Poland	10	1.6%
Other places of birth in Asia	10	1.6%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source¹⁴

Citizenship

Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published group	People	Share
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data	19,255	100.0%
Canadian citizens	19,080	99.1%
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,475	80.4%
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,600	18.7%
Not Canadian citizens	180	0.9%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source¹⁴

Language spoken at home

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data · 2021 Census

Published group	People	Share
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data	19,605	100.0%
Single responses	19,395	98.9%
Official languages	19,220	98.0%
French	19,030	97.1%
Multiple responses	215	1.1%
English	195	1.0%
Non-official languages	175	0.9%
Non-Indigenous languages	175	0.9%
English and French	120	0.6%
Indo-European languages	120	0.6%
Italic (Romance) languages	105	0.5%

Show 19 more groups

Published group	People	Share
French and non-official language(s)	65	0.3%
Spanish	65	0.3%
Portuguese	25	0.1%
Romanian	20	0.1%
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0.1%
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0.1%
Semitic languages	15	0.1%
Arabic	15	0.1%
Sign languages	10	0.1%
Mandarin	10	0.1%
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.1%
Austronesian languages	10	0.1%
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0.1%
Slavic languages	10	0.1%
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0%
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0.0%
Chinese languages	5	0.0%
Creole languages	5	0.0%
Germanic languages	5	0.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source¹⁴

Additional context

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Residents born abroad	3.3 %	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁴Official
Households	8,145 households	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁵Official
Labour force participation rate	64.6 %	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁵Official
Median age	48.8 years	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁹Official

Alternatives for people set on Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

L'Ancienne-Lorette as a Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures alternative in the same region

10 km away, better on 2 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

Foreign residents: 5.3% L'Ancienne-Lorette vs 3.3% Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures+60%
Median gross pay, city: €3,568 L'Ancienne-Lorette vs €4,248 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures−16%
Unemployment: 4.4% L'Ancienne-Lorette vs 5.3% Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures−17%
Median gross pay, region: €2,810 L'Ancienne-Lorette vs €3,224 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures−13%
Residents: 16,879 L'Ancienne-Lorette vs 20,287 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures−17%
Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,493 L'Ancienne-Lorette vs 3,493 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmauressame level
Annual PM2.5: 7.2 µg/m³ L'Ancienne-Lorette vs 7.2 µg/m³ Saint-Augustin-de-Desmauressame level

Full comparison More about L'Ancienne-Lorette

Aurora as a Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 695 km, better on 1 of 3 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

Foreign residents: 36.8% Aurora vs 3.3% Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures+1007%
Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,296 Aurora vs 3,493 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmauresno percentage
Median gross pay, region: €3,094 Aurora vs €3,224 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures−4%
Median gross pay, city: €4,357 Aurora vs €4,248 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmauressame level

Full comparison More about Aurora

Cities near Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Québec Commuting Zone · 19.7 km away

Salary: 3,246 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31

L'Ancienne-Lorette 9.6 km away

Salary: 3,568 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31

Saint-Apollinaire 14.7 km away

Salary: 2,985 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31

Shannon 16.2 km away

Salary: 3,622 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31

Sainte Catherine de la Jacques Cartier 16.5 km away

Salary: 3,377 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31

Alternative cities in Canada

Other cities in Canada to compare with Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, nearest in population first.

All Canada cities

Yellowknife20,340 residents South Frontenac20,188 residents Pitt Meadows20,399 residents Rivière-du-Loup20,118 residents Salmon Arm20,103 residents Cranbrook20,499 residents

How does Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures compare?

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Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures in rankings

#14 of 30 in Cities with lowest unemployment in Canada #18 of 30 in Highest salary cities in Canada

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide

Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Is Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures part of Québec?

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures is in the published commuting zone of Québec; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Québec city profile

Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source¹

Put Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The published population was 20,287 people in 2022. Source: Statistics Canada.

Is the air quality good in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 7.2 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca.

How safe is Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

What is the typical salary in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The median gross salary is about 4,248 EUR/month (2020). The regional series (home-region basis, 2020) is a separate labelled row in the table. Source: Statistics Canada.

What is the unemployment rate in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The unemployment rate is about 5.3 % (2021). Source: Statistics Canada.

What is the typical salary around Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The median gross salary is 3,224 EUR/month. Source: www150.statcan.gc.ca.

Is Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures a good place to live?

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Is Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures part of Québec?

Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures is in the published commuting zone of Québec; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.

Which cities are near Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

Québec, L'Ancienne-Lorette, Saint-Apollinaire, Shannon, Sainte Catherine de la Jacques Cartier are near Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Europe live in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures?

The official country of birth distribution records 295 people (45.7%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation

ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Canada: population, rent, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 60e261360f64180b43f3180b486c3153]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/saint-augustin-de-desmaures/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BibTeX citation

@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_saint-augustin-de-desmaures-canada-population-rent-jobs_1236149cbf64,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Canada: population, rent, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {60e261360f64180b43f3180b486c3153},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/saint-augustin-de-desmaures/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}

Markdown citation

[Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Canada: population, rent, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/saint-augustin-de-desmaures/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 60e261360f64180b43f3180b486c3153; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown

2021 Census — Cartographic boundary files: census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations 2021 Census · geo.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-09-19
Average Rent by Bedroom Type by Census Subdivision www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca · checked 2026-10-08
Bell Fibe 500 home internet bell.ca · checked 2026-09-15
CMHC Urban Rental Market Survey — Average Rents in Urban Centres (CSD table), October 2023 CMHC Urban Rental Market Survey · assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca · checked 2026-09-18
data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-26
NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-08-05
OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2025 www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-09-24
Public Mobile 50GB plan publicmobile.ca · checked 2026-09-15

Show 17 more sources

Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
Statistics Canada www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
Statistics Canada api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
Statistics Canada www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-09-13
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
www150.statcan.gc.ca www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-27
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06

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