Living in Kungälv
In Kungälv, rents across existing tenancies average €10.81 per m² a month (2025) and unemployment is 7.4% (2024).
Car density was 515.3 vehicles per 1,000 residents in 2025. The unemployment rate was 7.4% at the end of 2024. At the end of 2025, the foreign population was 1,903.
Pricier rent than 71% of Swedish cities that publish it, lower unemployment than 94% of Swedish cities that publish it and less recorded crime than 93% of Swedish cities that publish it.
Which Sweden-wide rules apply when you move to Kungälv?
National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.
Housing and cost
How much does it cost to rent in Kungälv?
Average net cold rent is about 10.81 EUR/m² per month (2025), excluding heating and operating charges.
Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.
- Average net rent (nettokalt): 10.81 EUR/m²/month · api.scb.se1
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited | 39.96 EUR/month | 30 Sept 2026 | Telia 100 Mbps broadband22Official · national market |
| Mobile plan, 10 GB | 22.16 EUR/month | 30 Sept 2026 | Tele2 mobile plan21Official · national market |
| Average net rent (nettokalt) | 10.81 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €9.83 | 31 Dec 2025 | api.scb.se1Official |
Is Kungälv a good place to live?
There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.
Worked out from these numbers
What does a 60 m² flat cost?
About 649 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of about 10.81 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.
Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.
Work and income
What is the unemployment rate in Kungälv?
The unemployment rate is 7.4 % (2024). Source: SCB labour-market variables by municipality, 2022–202414
Kungälv 7.4%
Unemployment rate (%)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| People in employment | 26,503 people | 31 Dec 2024 | Statistics Sweden (SCB)13Official |
| Fibre coverage | 93 | 27 Aug 2026 | migrationfit.com5Official |
| Employment rate | 86.7 % | 31 Dec 2024 | Statistics Sweden (SCB)14Official |
| Median gross salary (regional) | 3,443 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | api.scb.se2Official |
| Unemployment rate | 7.4 %country median 10.6% | 31 Dec 2024 | SCB labour-market variables by municipality, 2022–202414Independent |
What does a salary buy in Kungälv?
Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.
RentInternetMobileLeft over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
| Each month | € |
|---|---|
| Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08. | €2,727 |
| Rent, 60 m²€10.81/m² · official · api.scb.se · 2025-12-31 | − €649 |
| Internet€40 · official · Telia 100 Mbps broadband · 2026-09-30 | − €40 |
| Mobile plan€22 · official · Tele2 mobile plan · 2026-09-30 | − €22 |
| Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities | — |
| Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish | €2,016 |
Public employment service
No exact public employment office is currently linked to Kungälv. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.
Arbetsförmedlingen — Public employment service
Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Kungälv. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.
Family and education
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average school rating (composite score) | 4 | 27 Aug 2026 | migrationfit.com5Official |
School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: förberedelseklass (reception class) + språkförskola (special language preschool). How to enrol a child (skolverket.se).
A country-wide rule for Sweden; Kungälv's school authority applies it locally.
Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.
Healthcare
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians per 1,000 residents | 4.2 | 27 Aug 2026 | migrationfit.com5Official |
Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Kungälv when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.
Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.
Open the official coverage guideSafety
How safe is Kungälv?
Police recorded 7,144 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.
- Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 7,144 offences per 100,000 · Brå — reported offences by municipality, 20253
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents | 7,144 offences per 100,000country median 9,986 | 31 Dec 2025 | Brå — reported offences by municipality, 20253Official |
Mobility and administration
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immigration application processing time | 90 | 27 Aug 2026 | migrationfit.com5Official |
| Destinations from nearest airport | 32 count | 13 Jun 2026 | OpenFlights — routes.dat10Official |
| Nearest airport | GOT | 13 Jun 2026 | OurAirports — airports.csv11Official |
| Distance to nearest airport | 29.3 km | 13 Jun 2026 | OurAirports — airports.csv11Official |
| Public transport score | 80 | 27 Aug 2026 | migrationfit.com5Official |
Language courses and integration
No exact city-level course record is currently published for Kungälv. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.
Municipal civic orientation for newly arrived residents — Civic Orientation
Swedish municipalities
For newly arrived residents with residence permits.
Swedish for immigrants (SFI) municipal adult education — State Language Course
Swedish municipalities under the national SFI framework
For persons over 16 eligible for SFI.
Climate and air quality
Annual PM2.5 was 5.95 µg/m³ in 2023. Annual NO₂ was 5.99 µg/m³ in 2024. Annual PM10 was 10.5 µg/m³ in 2023.
Is the air quality good in Kungälv?
The annual PM2.5 mean is about 5.9 µg/m³ (2023) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.
Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.
- PM2.5 — annual mean: 5.95 µg/m³ · Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.8
Night-time low to daytime high
mm
hours
Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³
City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.
Kungälv 6.0
Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO₂ — annual mean | 5.99 µg/m³country median 4.0 | 2024 | Official exact-kommun station observations are derived to a kommun aggregate.6Official |
| PM10 — annual mean | 10.46 µg/m³country median 9.3 | 2023 | Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.8Official |
| PM2.5 — annual mean | 5.95 µg/m³country median 5.1 | 2023 | Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features.8Official |
| Average January temperature | -0.5 | 28 Aug 2026 | migrationfit.com5Official |
| Average daytime high by month | Jan 2.5 · Feb 2.6 · Mar 5.7 · Apr 11.4 · May 16.2 · Jun 19.1 · Jul 21.6 · Aug 20.9 · Sep 17 · Oct 11.5 · Nov 6.7 · Dec 3.8 °C | 1991–2020 | WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station S�ve24Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average night-time low by month | Jan -2.5 · Feb -2.7 · Mar -1.2 · Apr 2.3 · May 6.6 · Jun 10.4 · Jul 12.9 · Aug 12.7 · Sep 9.3 · Oct 5.1 · Nov 1.9 · Dec -1.2 °C | 1991–2020 | WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station S�ve24Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average temperature by month | Jan 0.2 · Feb 0 · Mar 2.2 · Apr 6.7 · May 11.4 · Jun 14.7 · Jul 17.2 · Aug 16.7 · Sep 13.1 · Oct 8.3 · Nov 4.5 · Dec 1.5 °C | 1991–2020 | WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station S�ve24Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average precipitation by month | Jan 84.2 · Feb 64 · Mar 54.5 · Apr 52 · May 56.1 · Jun 76.2 · Jul 79.7 · Aug 94.9 · Sep 80.9 · Oct 101.3 · Nov 87.1 · Dec 93.6 mm | 1991–2020 | WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station S�ve24Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average sunshine by month | Jan 46.5 · Feb 68.4 · Mar 144.4 · Apr 199.7 · May 251.9 · Jun 241.8 · Jul 245.6 · Aug 205.1 · Sep 149.9 · Oct 94.8 · Nov 44 · Dec 32.3 hours | 1991–2020 | WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station G�teborg Sol23Official · nearest-station reading |
Annual PM2.5 fell 22.2% between 2014 and 2024, from 9.0 to 7.0.
Similar climate. In Sweden: Jönköping ±1.8 °C. Elsewhere: Gentofte (Denmark) ±1.3 °C, Lyngby-Taarbæk (Denmark) ±1.3 °C, Rudersdal (Denmark) ±1.3 °C, Eutin (Germany) ±1.4 °C, Heide (Germany) ±1.4 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month
Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.
Population and city profile
The city covered 364.4 km² in 2026. Population density was 138.6 people per km² in 2025.
How many people live in Kungälv?
The published population was 50,313 people in 2024. Source: SCB table BefArealTathetKon: municipality land area/population by year.12
By nationality
National passport96.2%
Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Area | 364.4 km² | 31 Dec 2025 | Statistics Sweden (SCB)15Official |
| Cars per 1,000 residents | 515.3 cars/1000 residents | 31 Dec 2025 | Official vehicles-in-use table: Fordonsslag=10 is passenger cars, stock at the last month of 2025; divided by official SCB population at 31 December 2025.9Official |
| City area | 364.4 km² | 1 Jan 2026 | Official SCB population density per square kilometre at municipality grain. SCB states that it uses the population figure at 31 December with the following 1 January land-area figure.12Official |
| Foreign-resident share | 3.77 % | 31 Dec 2025 | Statistics Sweden (SCB)16Official |
| Foreign residents | 1,903 people | 31 Dec 2025 | Official number of foreign citizens at municipality grain, all ages and all sexes, reference 31 December 2025.7Official |
| Population density | 138.6 people/km² | 31 Dec 2025 | Official SCB population density per square kilometre at municipality grain. SCB states that it uses the population figure at 31 December with the following 1 January land-area figure.12Official |
| Female residents | 25,354 people | 31 Dec 2025 | Statistics Sweden (SCB)18Official |
| Male residents | 25,354 people | 31 Dec 2025 | Statistics Sweden (SCB)18Official |
| Population | 50,313 people | 31 Dec 2024 | SCB table BefArealTathetKon: municipality land area/population by year.12Official |
International community in Kungälv
Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.
Country of birth
Registered population by municipality and country of birth; total sex · 2024
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| All birth countries | 50,313 | 100.0% |
| Sweden | 44,564 | 88.6% |
| Iraq | 484 | 1.0% |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 460 | 0.9% |
| Finland | 300 | 0.6% |
| Poland | 281 | 0.6% |
| Afghanistan | 251 | 0.5% |
| other countries | 219 | 0.4% |
| Norway | 213 | 0.4% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 199 | 0.4% |
Show 71 more groups
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 194 | 0.4% |
| Yugoslavia | 192 | 0.4% |
| Thailand | 184 | 0.4% |
| Germany | 149 | 0.3% |
| Türkiye | 140 | 0.3% |
| Ukraine | 139 | 0.3% |
| United Kingdom | 126 | 0.3% |
| Denmark | 121 | 0.2% |
| Lebanon | 119 | 0.2% |
| India | 112 | 0.2% |
| China | 101 | 0.2% |
| United States of America | 97 | 0.2% |
| Lithuania | 88 | 0.2% |
| Philippines | 81 | 0.2% |
| Viet Nam | 76 | 0.2% |
| Russian Federation | 74 | 0.1% |
| Hungary | 63 | 0.1% |
| Romania | 61 | 0.1% |
| Croatia | 60 | 0.1% |
| Chile | 56 | 0.1% |
| Somalia | 56 | 0.1% |
| Korea, Republic of Korea | 54 | 0.1% |
| Brazil | 45 | 0.1% |
| Kingdom of the Netherlands | 43 | 0.1% |
| Greece | 42 | 0.1% |
| Eritrea | 38 | 0.1% |
| Italy | 37 | 0.1% |
| Sri Lanka | 36 | 0.1% |
| Spain | 31 | 0.1% |
| Colombia | 29 | 0.1% |
| Estonia | 28 | 0.1% |
| Nigeria | 26 | 0.1% |
| Albania | 25 | 0.0% |
| Iceland | 25 | 0.0% |
| Saudi Arabia | 25 | 0.0% |
| Pakistan | 24 | 0.0% |
| France | 22 | 0.0% |
| Jordan | 22 | 0.0% |
| Yemen | 22 | 0.0% |
| Belarus | 21 | 0.0% |
| Ethiopia | 21 | 0.0% |
| Serbia | 21 | 0.0% |
| Ghana | 20 | 0.0% |
| Portugal | 20 | 0.0% |
| Kosovo | 20 | 0.0% |
| Australia | 19 | 0.0% |
| Bulgaria | 19 | 0.0% |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 19 | 0.0% |
| Egypt | 19 | 0.0% |
| Belgium | 17 | 0.0% |
| Austria | 16 | 0.0% |
| Latvia | 16 | 0.0% |
| Moldova, Republic of | 16 | 0.0% |
| Palestinian territory, occupied | 16 | 0.0% |
| Canada | 15 | 0.0% |
| Morocco | 15 | 0.0% |
| North Macedonia | 15 | 0.0% |
| Switzerland | 14 | 0.0% |
| Japan | 14 | 0.0% |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 13 | 0.0% |
| Indonesia | 12 | 0.0% |
| Uganda | 12 | 0.0% |
| Uruguay | 12 | 0.0% |
| South Africa | 12 | 0.0% |
| Bolivia | 11 | 0.0% |
| Algeria | 11 | 0.0% |
| Soviet Union | 11 | 0.0% |
| United Arab Emirates | 10 | 0.0% |
| Czech Republic | 10 | 0.0% |
| Kuwait | 10 | 0.0% |
| unknown country of birth | 2 | 0.0% |
Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source20
Citizenship
Registered population by municipality and citizenship; total sex · 2024
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| total | 50,313 | 100.0% |
| Swedish | 48,320 | 96.0% |
| European citizenship except Swedish | 1,146 | 2.3% |
| Rest of the world incl. Stateless and unknown | 847 | 1.7% |
Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source19
Additional context
Alternatives for people set on Kungälv
Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.
Falun as a Kungälv alternative in the same country
A move, not a commute, at 369 km, better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 3.
- Annual PM2.5: 4.4 µg/m³ Falun vs 5.9 µg/m³ Kungälv−27%
- Unemployment: 8.3% Falun vs 7.4% Kungälv+12%
- Rent: €10.20/m² Falun vs €10.81/m² Kungälv−6%
- Median gross pay, region: €3,172 Falun vs €3,443 Kungälv−8%
- Nearest airport: 21.5 km Falun vs 29.3 km Kungälv−27%
- Residents: 59,945 Falun vs 50,313 Kungälv+19%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 7,480 Falun vs 7,144 Kungälv+5%
Cities near Kungälv
Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.
- Rent
- 11.83 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 11.18 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 10.96 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
Alternative cities in Sweden
Other cities in Sweden to compare with Kungälv, nearest in population first.
How does Kungälv compare?
Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Kungälv's.
Kungälv in rankings
Is Kungälv part of Gothenburg?
Kungälv is in the published commuting zone of Gothenburg; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Gothenburg city profile
Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source4
Common questions
Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.
How many people live in Kungälv?
The published population was 50,313 people in 2024. Source: SCB table BefArealTathetKon: municipality land area/population by year..
How much does it cost to rent in Kungälv?
Average net cold rent is about 10.81 EUR/m² per month (2025), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 757 EUR a month before utilities. Source: api.scb.se.
Is the air quality good in Kungälv?
The annual PM2.5 mean is about 5.9 µg/m³ (2023) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features..
How safe is Kungälv?
Police recorded 7,144 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Brå — reported offences by municipality, 2025.
What is the unemployment rate in Kungälv?
The unemployment rate is 7.4 % (2024). Source: SCB labour-market variables by municipality, 2022–2024.
What is the typical salary around Kungälv?
The median gross salary is 3,443 EUR/month. Source: api.scb.se.
Is Kungälv a good place to live?
Kungälv may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.
Is Kungälv part of Gothenburg?
Kungälv is in the published commuting zone of Gothenburg; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.
Which cities are near Kungälv?
Gothenburg, Surte, Lövgärdet, Gårdsten, Ale are near Kungälv. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.
How many people born in All birth countries live in Kungälv?
The official country of birth distribution records 50,313 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2024. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.
Cite this page
Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.
APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Kungälv, Sweden: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 2974b470b2fddc86fd249d2d7c4e9430]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/se/kungalv/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_kungalv-sweden-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_a6734cd1069d,
author = {ImmigrationDB},
title = {Kungälv, Sweden: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-10-16},
version = {2974b470b2fddc86fd249d2d7c4e9430},
url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/se/kungalv/},
note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}Markdown citation
[Kungälv, Sweden: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/se/kungalv/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 2974b470b2fddc86fd249d2d7c4e9430; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.
Sources
- api.scb.se api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-27
- api.scb.se api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-27
- Brå — reported offences by municipality, 2025 Brå · bra.se · checked 2026-07-26
- GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
- migrationfit.com migrationfit.com · checked 2026-06-12
- Official exact-kommun station observations are derived to a kommun aggregate. datavardluft.smhi.se · checked 2026-07-15
- Official number of foreign citizens at municipality grain, all ages and all sexes, reference 31 December 2025. api.scb.se · checked 2025-12-31
- Official SMHI 2023 national model values are derived from exact-kommun receptor/grid features. natmodluft.smhi.se · checked 2026-07-15
- Official vehicles-in-use table: Fordonsslag=10 is passenger cars, stock at the last month of 2025; divided by official SCB population at 31 December 2025. api.scb.se · checked 2025-12-31
- OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
Show 24 more sources
- OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
- SCB table BefArealTathetKon: municipality land area/population by year. api.scb.se · checked 2026-07-14
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-07
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-07
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-07
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-07
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-07
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-07
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-30
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) country of birth distribution api.scb.se · checked 2026-08-28
- Tele2 mobile plan tele2.se · checked 2026-09-15
- Telia 100 Mbps broadband telia.se · checked 2026-09-15
- WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station G�teborg Sol WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
- WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station S�ve WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
- www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se statistikdatabasen.scb.se · checked 2026-08-11
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q10572962 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
- Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q287691 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.