Living in Clifton
The city had 18 schools in 2026. Clifton, a city in the United States, had a population of 89,379 in July 2026. In July 2026, 57.7% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing. There were 4,087 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2026.
Which United States-wide rules apply when you move to Clifton?
National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.
Housing and cost
Median gross rent was US$1,711 per month, while the median home value was US$461,900 in July 2026. Owner occupation was 59.6%, and the vacancy rate was 2.88% in July 2026.
Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitness club membership, monthly | 18.28 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202)38Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited | 59.98 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202)38Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Private kindergarten, monthly | 2,073 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202)38Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Mobile plan, 10 GB | 52.56 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202)38Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Basic utilities, 85 m² home | 168.3 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202)38Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Median gross rent | $1,711/month | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Households spending over 30% of income on rent | 57.66 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Housing vacancy rate (legacy series) | 2.88 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Property crime per 100,000 residents | 1,496 per 100,000 people | 1 Jul 2026 | FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics13Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area |
| Average monthly rent (whole dwelling) | 1,573 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2020 | ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent)4Official |
| Median monthly rent | 1,504 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2024 | Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables28Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Recorded property crimes | 1,762 offenses/year | 31 Dec 2025 | FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)14Official |
Is Clifton a good place to live?
There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.
Worked out from these numbers
How international is the population?
34.5% of residents hold a foreign nationality — 31,403 of 91,127 people. This counts nationality, not place of birth, so long-settled residents who naturalised are not in it.
Uses a supplemental estimate, so treat it as indicative.Work and income
Median household income was US$98,237 a year in July 2026.
Clifton 7.1%
Unemployment rate (%)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | 98,237 USD/year | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Households with cable, fibre or DSL broadband | 80.24 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 91.3 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Households with internet but no subscription | 2.57 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Households without internet | 6.04 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Households with satellite internet | 4.86 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Median gross salary | 3,718 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2024 | Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS)27Community estimate · Supplemental context |
| Median gross salary (regional) | 4,539 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | www.bls.gov26Official |
| Unemployment rate | 7.09 % | 31 Dec 2024 | Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables28Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
What does a salary buy in Clifton?
Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.
RentUtilitiesInternetMobileLeft over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
| Each month | € |
|---|---|
| Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08. | €3,518 |
| Rentaverage rent of a whole dwelling · official · ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) · 2020-12-31 | − €1,573 |
| Public transport passnot published for this city | — |
| Utilities, 85 m²€168 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202) · 2025-12-31 | − €168 |
| Internet€60 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202) · 2025-12-31 | − €60 |
| Mobile plan€53 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202) · 2025-12-31 | − €53 |
| Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish | €1,664 |
Public employment service
No exact public employment office is currently linked to Clifton. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.
American Job Centers — Public employment service
Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Clifton. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.
Family and education
Healthcare
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health provider ratio | 120 ratio | 30 Jun 2026 | HRSA mental health provider ratio16Official |
| Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents | 4,087 per 100,000 people | 30 Jun 2026 | HRSA mental health provider ratio16Official |
| Preventable hospitalizations | 3,023 per 100,000 people | 30 Jun 2026 | HRSA mental health provider ratio16Official |
Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Clifton when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.
Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.
Open the official coverage guideSafety
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents | 2,431 offences per 100,000country median 1,586 | 31 Dec 2024 | FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting15Official |
| Violent crime per 100,000 residents | 111.7 per 100,000 people | 1 Jul 2026 | FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics13Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area |
| Recorded violent crimes | 149 offenses/year | 31 Dec 2025 | FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)14Official |
Mobility and administration
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average commute time | 28.35 minutes | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Workers commuting by bicycle | 0.11 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Workers commuting by public transport | 9.02 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Workers walking to work | 1.87 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Destinations from nearest airport | 1 count | 3 Aug 2026 | OpenFlights20Official |
| Nearest airport | TEB | 3 Aug 2026 | OurAirports21Official |
| Distance to nearest airport | 9 km | 3 Aug 2026 | OurAirports21Official |
Language courses and integration
No exact city-level course record is currently published for Clifton. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.
Adult Education and English Language Acquisition (AEFLA) — State Language Course
U.S. Department of Education
For adult learners, adult English-language learners.
USCIS English and citizenship class finder — Civic Orientation
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
For immigrants, future citizens.
Climate and air quality
Night-time low to daytime high
mm
Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³
City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.
Clifton 6.6
Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 — annual mean | 6.6 µg/m³ | 31 Dec 2024 | EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 202437Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Average daytime high by month | Jan 4.17 · Feb 5.67 · Mar 9.94 · Apr 16.56 · May 21.89 · Jun 26.5 · Jul 29.39 · Aug 28.5 · Sep 24.56 · Oct 18.06 · Nov 12.22 · Dec 6.83 °C | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00094728 (NY CITY CNTRL PARK)19Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average night-time low by month | Jan -2.28 · Feb -1.39 · Mar 2.11 · Apr 7.5 · May 12.78 · Jun 18 · Jul 21.17 · Aug 20.5 · Sep 16.83 · Oct 10.78 · Nov 5.56 · Dec 1 °C | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00094728 (NY CITY CNTRL PARK)19Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average temperature by month | Jan 0.9 · Feb 2.2 · Mar 6 · Apr 12 · May 17.3 · Jun 22.2 · Jul 25.3 · Aug 24.5 · Sep 20.7 · Oct 14.4 · Nov 8.9 · Dec 3.9 °C | 31 Dec 1991 | World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI25Official |
| Average precipitation by month | Jan 92.46 · Feb 81.03 · Mar 109 · Apr 103.9 · May 100.6 · Jun 115.3 · Jul 116.8 · Aug 115.8 · Sep 109.5 · Oct 111.3 · Nov 90.93 · Dec 111.3 mm | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00094728 (NY CITY CNTRL PARK)19Official · nearest-station reading |
| PM2.5, highest monitored reading | 123.4 µg/m³ | 1 Jul 2026 | EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county |
| PM2.5, annual mean | 9.35 µg/m³ | 1 Jul 2026 | EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county |
| PM2.5 monitoring sites | 2 monitors | 1 Jul 2026 | EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county |
| Annual precipitation | 1,405 mm | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
| Maximum July temperature | 25.96 °C | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
| Average annual temperature | 13.58 °C | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
| Minimum January temperature | 5.17 °C | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
Similar climate. In United States: Manhattan ±0.0 °C. Elsewhere: Cottbus (Germany) ±3.2 °C, Reims (France) ±3.3 °C, Werl (Germany) ±3.3 °C, Berlin (Germany) ±3.4 °C, Hoyerswerda (Germany) ±3.5 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month
Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.
Population and city profile
Foreign residents and their share come from different publications that count different groups (for example citizens of another country, or people born abroad, or of foreign origin), so 31,403 is not 10.3% of the population. Each row names its source.
By nationality
National passport65.5%Foreign residents34.5%
Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| City area | 29.2 km² | 31 Dec 2024 | TIGERweb 2024 Incorporated Places22Official |
| Foreign-resident share | 10.27 % | 31 Dec 2020 | Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS)10Official |
| Foreign residents | 31,403 people | 31 Dec 2024 | Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables28Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Population density | 3,121 people/km² | 31 Dec 2025 | Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau11Official |
| Population | 91,127 people | 31 Dec 2025 | U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program24Official |
| Population covered by crime statistics | 90,406 people | 31 Dec 2025 | FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)14Official |
Additional context
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value | 461,900 USD | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Owner-occupied homes | 59.56 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Labour force participation rate | 67.98 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Residents born abroad | 35.13 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Naturalized citizens, share of residents | 24.87 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Non-citizens, share of residents | 10.27 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Flu vaccination coverage | 63.37 % | 30 Jun 2026 | CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage8Official |
| Mammography screening coverage | 77.1 % | 30 Jun 2026 | CDC mammography screening rate9Official |
| Residents without health insurance | 6.79 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Residents with a bachelor's degree or higher | 35.54 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Crime reporting agencies | 0 agencies | 1 Jul 2026 | FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics13Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area |
| Households with a vehicle available | 90.02 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent6Official |
| Public transport agencies in the National Transit Database | 0 agencies | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Workers aged 16 and over | 45,203 workers | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Workers mainly working from home | 12.49 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
| Households using cellular data plans | 86.53 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population7Official |
Alternatives for people set on Clifton
Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.
Hoboken as a Clifton alternative in the same region
17 km away, better on 5 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1.
- Median gross pay, city: €7,547 Hoboken vs €3,718 Clifton+103%
- Unemployment: 3.8% Hoboken vs 7.1% Clifton−47%
- Nearest airport: 2.0 km Hoboken vs 9.0 km Clifton−78%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 1,972 Hoboken vs 2,431 Clifton−19%
- Residents: 59,027 Hoboken vs 91,127 Clifton−35%
- Foreign residents: 8.5% Hoboken vs 10.3% Clifton−17%
- Annual PM2.5: 5.8 µg/m³ Hoboken vs 6.6 µg/m³ Clifton−12%
Newton as a Clifton alternative in the same country
A move, not a commute, at 295 km, better on 5 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.
- Median gross pay, city: €6,104 Newton vs €3,718 Clifton+64%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 648 Newton vs 2,431 Clifton−73%
- Unemployment: 3.8% Newton vs 7.1% Clifton−47%
- Nearest airport: 15.0 km Newton vs 9.0 km Clifton+67%
- Median gross pay, region: €4,923 Newton vs €4,539 Clifton+8%
- Foreign residents: 8.5% Newton vs 10.3% Clifton−18%
- Annual PM2.5: 5.9 µg/m³ Newton vs 6.6 µg/m³ Clifton−11%
Cities near Clifton
Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.
- Rent
- 1,655 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
- Salary
- 5,926 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31
- Rent
- 2,067 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
- Salary
- 8,064 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31
- Rent
- 1,501 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
- Salary
- 4,160 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31
- Salary
- 2,664 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2024-12-31
Alternative cities in United States
Other cities in United States to compare with Clifton, nearest in population first.
How does Clifton compare?
Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Clifton's.
Common questions
Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.
What is the typical salary around Clifton?
The median gross salary is 4,539 EUR/month. Source: www.bls.gov.
What is the unemployment rate in Clifton?
The unemployment rate is 7.09 %. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.
Is the air quality good in Clifton?
The annual PM2.5 mean is 6.6 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024.
How safe is Clifton?
Police recorded 2,431 offences per 100,000. This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting.
How many people live in Clifton?
The published population is 91,127 people. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program.
How many foreign residents live in Clifton?
31,403 residents hold a foreign nationality. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.
Is Clifton a good place to live?
Clifton may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.
Which cities are near Clifton?
Passaic, Brookdale, Upper Montclair, Woodland Park borough, Wallington are near Clifton. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.
Cite this page
Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.
APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Clifton, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 02cc9e483d91a558e2c8360cb14f8008]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/clifton/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_clifton-united-states-population-rent-salary-jobs_664de1dd9023,
author = {ImmigrationDB},
title = {Clifton, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs},
publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-10-16},
version = {02cc9e483d91a558e2c8360cb14f8008},
url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/clifton/},
note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}Markdown citation
[Clifton, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/clifton/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 02cc9e483d91a558e2c8360cb14f8008; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.
Sources
- 2024 American Community Survey 5-year detailed tables api.census.gov · checked 2026-10-04
- ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
- ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B25064 (Median Gross Rent), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
- ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
- ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
- ACS median gross rent api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
- ACS total population api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
- CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- CDC mammography screening rate data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
Show 28 more sources
- Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
- EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-01
- FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-07-01
- FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip) cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-05
- FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-08-04
- HRSA mental health provider ratio data.hrsa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- NCES CCD public school count nces.ed.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00094728 (NY CITY CNTRL PARK) NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
- OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
- OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
- TIGERweb 2024 Incorporated Places tigerweb.geo.census.gov · checked 2026-09-26
- U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb Places (layer 4 incorporated places, layer 5 CDPs; identical query) tigerweb.geo.census.gov · checked 2026-09-11
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program www2.census.gov · checked 2026-08-03
- World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
- www.bls.gov bls.gov · checked 2026-08-27
- Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS) api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-09-11
- Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-26
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024 aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-26
- Numbeo - Cost of Living in Clifton (Wayback Machine capture 20251206033202) numbeo.com · checked 2026-07-31
Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.