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Living in Hanahan

Owner occupation was 68.1%, and the vacancy rate was 7.63% in July 2026. The population of Hanahan, in the United States, was 21,452 in July 2026. There were 4,372 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2026. Hanahan had 46 schools in 2026.

Last checked 2026-09-1937 sources

Population22,415people31 Dec 2025Official source · U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program
Median gross salary4,182EUR/month31 Dec 2024Community source · Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS)
Median rent1,241EUR/month31 Dec 2024Independent source · Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables
Unemployment rate2.46%31 Dec 2024Independent source · Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables
Recorded crime1,644offences per 100,000country median 1,586 — 4% aboveOfficial source · FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting
PM2.5, annual mean7.47µg/m³31 Dec 2024Independent source · EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024

Which United States-wide rules apply when you move to Hanahan?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Housing and cost

Median gross rent was US$1,412 per month, while the median home value was US$374,800 in July 2026. 58% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing in July 2026.

What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
Hanahan recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€60
Mobile plan, 10 GB€22
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited60.38 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Verizon 300 Mbps home internet23Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB21.57 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Visible unlimited mobile plan24Official · national market
Median gross rent$1,412/month4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Households spending over 30% of income on rent57.96 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Housing vacancy rate (legacy series)7.63 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Property crime per 100,000 residents1,281 per 100,000 people1 Jul 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)1,400 EUR/month31 Dec 2020ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent)3Official
Median monthly rent1,241 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables28Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Recorded property crimes167 offenses/year31 Dec 2025FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)13Official

Is Hanahan a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker49%strong on work, weak on legal route · range 40–58%
Skilled employee55%strong on work, weak on safety · range 46–64%
Student49%strong on education, weak on work · range 39–59%
Family52%strong on family, weak on cost · range 43–61%
Retirement45%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 34–56%

Worked out from these numbers

How international is the population?

10.5% of residents hold a foreign nationality — 2,353 of 22,415 people. This counts nationality, not place of birth, so long-settled residents who naturalised are not in it.

Uses a supplemental estimate, so treat it as indicative.

Work and income

Median household income was US$87,984 a year in July 2026.

Unemployment across cities in United StatesUnemployment in Hanahan is 2.5%. Of 2,153 cities with data, 1,250 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median household income87,984 USD/year4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with cable, fibre or DSL broadband79.21 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with a broadband subscription91.3 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with internet but no subscription1.32 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households without internet7.38 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with satellite internet5.24 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Median gross salary4,182 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS)27Community estimate · Supplemental context
Median gross salary (regional)3,632 EUR/month31 Dec 2025www.bls.gov26Official
Unemployment rate2.46 %31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables28Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context

What does a salary buy in Hanahan?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €3,632 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2025-12-31).
Left over each month€1,365of €2,847 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.€2,847
Rentaverage rent of a whole dwelling · official · ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) · 2020-12-31− €1,400
Internet€60 · official · Verizon 300 Mbps home internet · 2026-09-30− €60
Mobile plan€22 · official · Visible unlimited mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €22
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€1,365
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Hanahan Salary needed to live in Hanahan

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Hanahan. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

American Job Centers — Public employment service

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration

Job Search

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Hanahan. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Residents with high school education or higher93.87 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Schools46 schools30 Jun 2026NCES CCD public school count16Official
School enrolment, share of residents24.32 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Mental health provider ratio177 ratio30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio15Official
Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents4,372 per 100,000 people30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio15Official
Preventable hospitalizations2,254 per 100,000 people30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio15Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Hanahan when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

Recorded crime across major citiesHanahan highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Hanahan highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Philadelphia5,457
Houston5,442
San Antonio5,218
Chicago4,012
Dallas4,010
Austin3,709
Fort Worth3,158
Phoenix3,125
New York City3,039
Los Angeles2,212
San Diego2,082
Hanahan1,644
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents1,644 offences per 100,000country median 1,58631 Dec 2024FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting14Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents204.2 per 100,000 people1 Jul 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area
Recorded violent crimes51 offenses/year31 Dec 2025FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)13Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average commute time23.85 minutes4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers commuting by bicycle0.29 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers commuting by public transport1.83 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers walking to work0.74 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Destinations from nearest airport20 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights19Official
Nearest airportCHS3 Aug 2026OurAirports20Official
Distance to nearest airport3 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports20Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Hanahan. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Adult Education and English Language Acquisition (AEFLA) — State Language Course

U.S. Department of Education

For adult learners, adult English-language learners.

EnglishIn Person, Online, HybridCost varies

USCIS English and citizenship class finder — Civic Orientation

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

For immigrants, future citizens.

EnglishIn Person, OnlineCost varies
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Hanahan.

Find courses near Hanahan

Climate and air quality

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in United StatesAnnual PM2.5 in Hanahan is 7.5 µg/m³. Of 968 cities with data, 261 have annual PM2.5 of 6 to under 7 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean7.47 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 202437Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Average daytime high by monthJan 15.67 · Feb 17.67 · Mar 21.17 · Apr 25.06 · May 28.67 · Jun 31.39 · Jul 32.94 · Aug 32.11 · Sep 29.67 · Oct 25.5 · Nov 20.78 · Dec 17.06 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00013880 (CHARLESTON INTL AP)18Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 3.83 · Feb 5.33 · Mar 8.5 · Apr 12.5 · May 17.22 · Jun 21.33 · Jul 23.17 · Aug 22.83 · Sep 20.17 · Oct 14.28 · Nov 8.39 · Dec 5.33 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00013880 (CHARLESTON INTL AP)18Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 9.7 · Feb 11.5 · Mar 14.8 · Apr 18.8 · May 23 · Jun 26.3 · Jul 28.1 · Aug 27.5 · Sep 24.9 · Oct 19.9 · Nov 14.6 · Dec 11.2 °C31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI25Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 85.6 · Feb 77.47 · Mar 85.09 · Apr 83.57 · May 84.33 · Jun 157.7 · Jul 167.6 · Aug 177 · Sep 152.7 · Oct 110 · Nov 67.56 · Dec 85.09 mm1991–2020NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00013880 (CHARLESTON INTL AP)18Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5, highest monitored reading31.8 µg/m³1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean11Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
PM2.5, annual mean7.83 µg/m³1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean11Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
PM2.5 monitoring sites7 monitors1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean11Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
Annual precipitation1,379 mm30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Maximum July temperature28.92 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Average annual temperature20.29 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Minimum January temperature13.08 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation

Similar climate. In United States: Carrollton ±1.3 °C. Elsewhere: Marugame (Japan) ±2.8 °C, Amagasaki (Japan) ±2.7 °C, Daitō (Japan) ±2.7 °C, Habikino (Japan) ±2.7 °C, Higashiosaka (Japan) ±2.7 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

Foreign residents and their share come from different publications that count different groups (for example citizens of another country, or people born abroad, or of foreign origin), so 2,353 is not 5.6% of the population. Each row names its source.

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Foreign-resident share5.62 %31 Dec 2020Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS)9Official
Foreign residents2,353 people31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables28Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Population density823.5 people/km²31 Dec 2025Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau10Official
Population22,415 people31 Dec 2025U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program22Official
Population covered by crime statistics22,351 people31 Dec 2025FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)13Official

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median home value374,800 USD4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Owner-occupied homes68.12 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Labour force participation rate68.71 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Residents born abroad10.97 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Naturalized citizens, share of residents5.35 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Non-citizens, share of residents5.62 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Flu vaccination coverage59.68 %30 Jun 2026CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage7Official
Mammography screening coverage76.3 %30 Jun 2026CDC mammography screening rate8Official
Residents without health insurance10.15 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Residents with a bachelor's degree or higher38.22 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Crime reporting agencies0 agencies1 Jul 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area
Households with a vehicle available95.34 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Public transport agencies in the National Transit Database0 agencies4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers aged 16 and over11,068 workers4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers mainly working from home12.09 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households using cellular data plans87.78 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official

Alternatives for people set on Hanahan

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

James Island as a Hanahan alternative in the same region

21 km away, better on 1 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Nearest airport: 20.0 km James Island vs 3.0 km Hanahan+567%
  • Unemployment: 1.2% James Island vs 2.5% Hanahan−53%
  • Foreign residents: 2.0% James Island vs 5.6% Hanahan−64%
  • Residents: 12,660 James Island vs 22,415 Hanahan−44%
  • Median gross pay, city: €4,180 James Island vs €4,182 Hanahansame level
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,632 James Island vs €3,632 Hanahansame level
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.5 µg/m³ James Island vs 7.5 µg/m³ Hanahansame level

Plainfield as a Hanahan alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 1208 km, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Nearest airport: 9.0 km Plainfield vs 3.0 km Hanahan+200%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 741 Plainfield vs 1,644 Hanahan−55%
  • Unemployment: 3.8% Plainfield vs 2.5% Hanahan+53%
  • Residents: 50,043 Plainfield vs 22,415 Hanahan+123%
  • Median gross pay, city: €4,830 Plainfield vs €4,182 Hanahan+16%
  • Median gross pay, region: €4,043 Plainfield vs €3,632 Hanahan+11%
  • Foreign residents: 6.1% Plainfield vs 5.6% Hanahan+9%

Cities near Hanahan

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Ladson 14.5 km away
Rent
1,649 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
Salary
2,996 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31
Charleston 16.0 km away
Salary
4,010 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2024-12-31
Sangaree 17.7 km away
Rent
1,311 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
Salary
2,826 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31

Alternative cities in United States

Other cities in United States to compare with Hanahan, nearest in population first.

All United States cities

How does Hanahan compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Hanahan's.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

What is the typical salary around Hanahan?

The median gross salary is 3,632 EUR/month. Source: www.bls.gov.

What is the unemployment rate in Hanahan?

The unemployment rate is 2.46 %. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.

Is the air quality good in Hanahan?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 7.47 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024.

How safe is Hanahan?

Police recorded 1,644 offences per 100,000. This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting.

How many people live in Hanahan?

The published population is 22,415 people. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program.

How many foreign residents live in Hanahan?

2,353 residents hold a foreign nationality. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.

Is Hanahan a good place to live?

Hanahan may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Hanahan?

North Charleston, Goose Creek, Ladson, Charleston, Sangaree are near Hanahan. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Hanahan, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version c3e849ef0dcf37cd98b91a0f786020ea]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/hanahan/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_hanahan-united-states-population-rent-salary-jobs_9c7fa28bdb0d,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Hanahan, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {c3e849ef0dcf37cd98b91a0f786020ea},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/hanahan/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Hanahan, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/hanahan/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version c3e849ef0dcf37cd98b91a0f786020ea; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2024 American Community Survey 5-year detailed tables api.census.gov · checked 2026-10-04
  2. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B25064 (Median Gross Rent), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
  3. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  4. ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  5. ACS median gross rent api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
  6. ACS total population api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
  7. CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  8. CDC mammography screening rate data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  9. Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
  10. Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
Show 27 more sources
  1. EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-01
  2. FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-07-01
  3. FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip) cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-05
  4. FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-08-04
  5. HRSA mental health provider ratio data.hrsa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  6. NCES CCD public school count nces.ed.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  7. NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  8. NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00013880 (CHARLESTON INTL AP) NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  9. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  10. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  11. U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb Places (layer 4 incorporated places, layer 5 CDPs; identical query) tigerweb.geo.census.gov · checked 2026-09-11
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program www2.census.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  13. Verizon 300 Mbps home internet verizon.com · checked 2026-09-15
  14. Visible unlimited mobile plan visible.com · checked 2026-09-15
  15. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  16. www.bls.gov bls.gov · checked 2026-08-27
  17. Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS) api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-09-11
  18. Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-26
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  25. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  26. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  27. EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024 aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-26

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.