Living in Oakland
In Oakland (California), the median gross salary is €4,706 a month (2024).
There were 4,673 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2026. Oakland, a city in the United States, had a population of 439,418 in July 2026. For Oakland, 51.1% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing in July 2026.
More recorded crime than any other American city that publishes it and dirtier air than 71% of American cities that publish it.
Which United States-wide rules apply when you move to Oakland?
National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.
Housing and cost
Median gross rent was US$1,979 per month, while the median home value was US$929,900 in July 2026. Owner occupation was 42.3%, and the vacancy rate was 7.89% in July 2026.
Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitness club membership, monthly | 34.2 EUR/month | 31 Jul 2026 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155)36Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited | 58.71 EUR/month | 31 Jul 2026 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155)36Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Private kindergarten, monthly | 2,445 EUR/month | 31 Jul 2026 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155)36Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Mobile plan, 10 GB | 53.11 EUR/month | 31 Jul 2026 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155)36Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Monthly transport pass | 110.8 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Numbeo — Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback capture 20250209124302)37Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Basic utilities, 85 m² home | 163.7 EUR/month | 31 Jul 2026 | Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155)36Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Median gross rent | $1,979/month | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Households spending over 30% of income on rent | 51.1 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Housing vacancy rate (legacy series) | 7.89 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Property crime per 100,000 residents | 6,421 per 100,000 people | 1 Jul 2026 | FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics12Official |
| Median monthly rent | 1,739 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2024 | Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables26Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Recorded property crimes | 23,212 offenses/year | 31 Dec 2025 | FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)13Official |
Is Oakland a good place to live?
There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.
Worked out from these numbers
How international is the population?
27.4% of residents hold a foreign nationality — 120,829 of 440,838 people. This counts nationality, not place of birth, so long-settled residents who naturalised are not in it.
Work and income
Median household income was US$101,600 a year in July 2026.
Oakland 6.4%
Unemployment rate (%)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public employment offices | 5 count | 15 Sept 2026 | AJCCs with EDD Complaint Representatives — official California list5Official |
| Median household income | 101,600 USD/year | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Households with cable, fibre or DSL broadband | 79.02 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 91.59 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Households with internet but no subscription | 1.9 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Households without internet | 6.42 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Households with satellite internet | 4.86 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Median gross salary | 4,706 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2024 | ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings), place records2Official |
| Median gross salary (regional) | 5,487 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2025 | www.bls.gov25Official |
| Unemployment rate | 6.37 % | 31 Dec 2024 | Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables26Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
What does a salary buy in Oakland?
Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.
RentTransportInternetMobileLeft over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
| Each month | € |
|---|---|
| Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08. | €3,634 |
| Rentmedian gross rent, utilities included · US Census Bureau, ACS 2020–2024 5-year (via Census Reporter) | − €1,739 |
| Public transport pass€111 · market price · Numbeo · 2025-12-31 | − €111 |
| Utilities, 85 m²included in the gross rent above | incl. |
| Internet€59 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155) · 2026-07-31 | − €59 |
| Mobile plan€53 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155) · 2026-07-31 | − €53 |
| Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish | €1,672 |
Public employment offices in Oakland
AJCCs with EDD Complaint Representatives lists 5 public employment offices in Oakland (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.
American Job Centers — Public employment service
The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.
Family and education
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residents with high school education or higher | 84.8 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Schools | 115 schools | 30 Jun 2026 | NCES CCD public school count16Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · school district |
| School enrolment, share of residents | 21.7 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
Healthcare
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health provider ratio | 190 ratio | 30 Jun 2026 | HRSA mental health provider ratio15Official |
| Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents | 4,673 per 100,000 people | 30 Jun 2026 | HRSA mental health provider ratio15Official |
| Preventable hospitalizations | 1,434 per 100,000 people | 30 Jun 2026 | HRSA mental health provider ratio15Official |
| GP practices | 1,072 count | 13 Sept 2026 | NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 202619Official |
| Hospitals | 6 count | 30 Sept 2026 | CMS Hospital General Information9Official |
| Pharmacies | 68 count | 13 Sept 2026 | NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 202619Official |
| Physicians per 100,000 residents | 602.7 per 100,000 | 13 Sept 2026 | NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 202619Official |
Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Oakland when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.
Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.
Open the official coverage guideSafety
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burglaries per 100,000 residents | 786.8 incidents per 100,000 | 31 Dec 2024 | US-FBI-CDE-CA0010900-202423Official |
| Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents | 9,156 offences per 100,000country median 1,586 | 31 Dec 2024 | FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting14Official |
| Violent crime per 100,000 residents | 1,925 incidents per 100,000 | 31 Dec 2024 | US-FBI-CDE-CA0010900-202424Official |
| Recorded violent crimes | 6,554 offenses/year | 31 Dec 2025 | FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)13Official |
Mobility and administration
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average commute time | 29.82 minutes | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Workers commuting by bicycle | 1.73 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Workers commuting by public transport | 12.49 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Workers walking to work | 2.93 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Destinations from nearest airport | 34 count | 3 Aug 2026 | OpenFlights20Official |
| Nearest airport | OAK | 3 Aug 2026 | OurAirports21Official |
| Distance to nearest airport | 10 km | 3 Aug 2026 | OurAirports21Official |
Language courses and integration
No exact city-level course record is currently published for Oakland. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.
Adult Education and English Language Acquisition (AEFLA) — State Language Course
U.S. Department of Education
For adult learners, adult English-language learners.
USCIS English and citizenship class finder — Civic Orientation
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
For immigrants, future citizens.
Climate and air quality
Night-time low to daytime high
mm
Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³
City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.
Oakland 7.8
Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 — annual mean | 7.82 µg/m³country median 7.0 | 31 Dec 2024 | EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 202411Official |
| Average daytime high by month | Jan 15.44 · Feb 16.89 · Mar 18.17 · Apr 19.33 · May 20.33 · Jun 22.11 · Jul 22 · Aug 22.67 · Sep 23.67 · Oct 22.61 · Nov 18.78 · Dec 15.39 °C | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202018Official |
| Average night-time low by month | Jan 7.28 · Feb 8.39 · Mar 9.28 · Apr 10.17 · May 11.61 · Jun 12.78 · Jul 13.67 · Aug 14.22 · Sep 14 · Oct 12.56 · Nov 9.67 · Dec 7.28 °C | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202018Official |
| Average temperature by month | Jan 11.39 · Feb 12.61 · Mar 13.72 · Apr 14.72 · May 16 · Jun 17.44 · Jul 17.83 · Aug 18.44 · Sep 18.83 · Oct 17.61 · Nov 14.22 · Dec 11.33 °C | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202018Official |
| Average precipitation by month | Jan 110.5 · Feb 110.5 · Mar 81.53 · Apr 34.8 · May 19.05 · Jun 5.08 · Jul 0 · Aug 1.27 · Sep 2.54 · Oct 28.7 · Nov 61.98 · Dec 118.4 mm | 1991–2020 | NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202018Official |
| PM2.5, highest monitored reading | 47.1 µg/m³ | 1 Jul 2026 | EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean10Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county |
| PM2.5, annual mean | 6.56 µg/m³ | 1 Jul 2026 | EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean10Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county |
| PM2.5 monitoring sites | 12 monitors | 1 Jul 2026 | EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean10Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county |
| Annual precipitation | 616 mm | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
| Maximum July temperature | 17.64 °C | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
| Average annual temperature | 14.33 °C | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
| Minimum January temperature | 10.62 °C | 30 Jun 2026 | NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals17Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation |
Population and city profile
By nationality
National passport72.6%Foreign residents27.4%
Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foreign-resident share | 27.5 % | 31 Dec 2020 | ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records1Official |
| Foreign residents | 120,829 people | 31 Dec 2020 | ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records1Official |
| Transit service area population | 2,454,179 people | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Population density | 3,041 people/km² | 31 Dec 2025 | Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau8Official |
| Population | 440,838 people | 31 Dec 2025 | U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program22Official |
| Population covered by crime statistics | 444,211 people | 31 Dec 2025 | FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)13Official |
Additional context
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value | 929,900 USD | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Owner-occupied homes | 42.33 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Labour force participation rate | 68.67 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Residents born abroad | 27.5 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Naturalized citizens, share of residents | 13.58 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Non-citizens, share of residents | 13.92 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Flu vaccination coverage | 65.54 % | 30 Jun 2026 | CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage6Official |
| Mammography screening coverage | 75.1 % | 30 Jun 2026 | CDC mammography screening rate7Official |
| Residents without health insurance | 5.62 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Residents with a bachelor's degree or higher | 48.75 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Crime reporting agencies | 1 agencies | 1 Jul 2026 | FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics12Official |
| Households with a vehicle available | 83.84 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS median gross rent3Official |
| Public transport agencies in the National Transit Database | 2 agencies | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Transit passenger trips, 2022 | 68,030,283 trips | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Transit vehicles in peak service, 2022 | 1,126 vehicles | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Workers aged 16 and over | 229,529 workers | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Workers mainly working from home | 26.51 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
| Households using cellular data plans | 87.88 % | 4 Jul 2026 | ACS total population4Official |
Alternatives for people set on Oakland
Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.
Santa Clara as an Oakland alternative in the same region
56 km away, better on 6 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0.
- Median gross pay, city: €7,708 Santa Clara vs €4,706 Oakland+64%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 2,684 Santa Clara vs 9,156 Oakland−71%
- Foreign residents: 46.4% Santa Clara vs 27.5% Oakland+69%
- Nearest airport: 2.0 km Santa Clara vs 10.0 km Oakland−80%
- Residents: 133,446 Santa Clara vs 440,838 Oakland−70%
- Unemployment: 5.1% Santa Clara vs 6.4% Oakland−20%
- Median gross pay, region: €6,210 Santa Clara vs €5,487 Oakland+13%
Aurora as an Oakland alternative in the same country
A move, not a commute, at 1524 km, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 3.
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,052 Aurora vs 9,156 Oakland−56%
- Median gross pay, city: €3,882 Aurora vs €4,706 Oakland−17%
- Median gross pay, region: €4,605 Aurora vs €5,487 Oakland−16%
- Foreign residents: 22.4% Aurora vs 27.5% Oakland−19%
- Nearest airport: 7.0 km Aurora vs 10.0 km Oakland−30%
- Unemployment: 5.9% Aurora vs 6.4% Oakland−8%
- Annual PM2.5: 7.2 µg/m³ Aurora vs 7.8 µg/m³ Oakland−8%
Vilnius as an Oakland alternative in another country
Better on 1 of 2 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Recorded crime, per 100k and foreign residents cannot be compared like for like.
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 1,929 (2025) Vilnius vs 9,156 (2024) Oaklandno percentage
- Nearest airport: 6.0 km Vilnius vs 10.0 km Oakland−40%
- Basic utilities, 85 m²: €199 Vilnius vs €164 Oakland+22%
- Foreign residents: 8.0% (2024) Vilnius vs 27.5% (2020) Oaklandno percentage
Cities near Oakland
Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.
- Salary
- 3,895 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2024-12-31
Alternative cities in United States
Other cities in United States to compare with Oakland, nearest in population first.
How does Oakland compare?
Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Oakland's.
Common questions
Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.
What is the typical salary around Oakland?
The median gross salary is 5,487 EUR/month. Source: www.bls.gov.
What is the unemployment rate in Oakland?
The unemployment rate is 6.37 %. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.
Is the air quality good in Oakland?
The annual PM2.5 mean is 7.82 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. Source: EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024.
How safe is Oakland?
Police recorded 9,156 offences per 100,000. This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting.
How many people live in Oakland?
The published population is 440,838 people. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program.
How many foreign residents live in Oakland?
120,829 residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records.
Is Oakland a good place to live?
Oakland may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.
Which cities are near Oakland?
Piedmont, Alameda, Emeryville, Berkeley, Albany are near Oakland. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.
Cite this page
Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.
APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Oakland (California), United States: population, rent, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 33356004fe13ba324aba55140cdf9ec8]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/oakland-ca/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_oakland-california-united-states-population-rent-jobs_8010a561dae3,
author = {ImmigrationDB},
title = {Oakland (California), United States: population, rent, jobs},
publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-10-16},
version = {33356004fe13ba324aba55140cdf9ec8},
url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/oakland-ca/},
note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}Markdown citation
[Oakland (California), United States: population, rent, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/oakland-ca/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 33356004fe13ba324aba55140cdf9ec8; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.
Sources
- ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
- ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
- ACS median gross rent api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
- ACS total population api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
- AJCCs with EDD Complaint Representatives — official California list AJCCs with EDD Complaint Representatives · edd.ca.gov · checked 2026-09-15
- CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- CDC mammography screening rate data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
- CMS Hospital General Information data.cms.gov · checked 2026-09-15
- EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-01
Show 27 more sources
- EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024 aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-26
- FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-07-01
- FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip) cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-05
- FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-08-04
- HRSA mental health provider ratio data.hrsa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- NCES CCD public school count nces.ed.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
- NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020 ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-26
- NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 2026 NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 · download.cms.gov · checked 2026-09-18
- OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
- OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program www2.census.gov · checked 2026-08-03
- US-FBI-CDE-CA0010900-2024 cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-15
- US-FBI-CDE-CA0010900-2024 cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-15
- www.bls.gov bls.gov · checked 2026-08-27
- Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-26
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Numbeo - Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback Machine capture 20260706223155) numbeo.com · checked 2026-07-31
- Numbeo — Cost of Living in Oakland (Wayback capture 20250209124302) Numbeo · web.archive.org · checked 2026-08-01
Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.