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Living in Tomares

In Tomares, the statutory reference rent is €7.00 per m² a month (2022) and unemployment is 4.6% (2026).

The unemployment rate was 4.57% in June 2026. Tomares, a city in Spain, had a population of 25,432 at the start of 2025. Gigabit broadband availability was 98.8% in June 2025. The foreign population count was 957 at the start of 2024.

Last checked 2026-09-1932 sources

Population25,432people1 Jan 2025Official source · Tomares - official stats
Median gross salary (region)1,796EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
Average net rent7EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.10 — 37% aboveOfficial source · cdn.mivau.gob.es
Unemployment rate4.57%country median 4.4% — 4% aboveIndependent source · SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026
Recorded crime2,856incidents per 100,000country median 4,281 — 33% belowOfficial source · MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.
PM2.5, annual mean14µg/m³31 Dec 2024Nearest stationOfficial source · EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station TORNEO)

Pricier rent than 74% of Spanish cities that publish it, less recorded crime than 92% of Spanish cities that publish it and dirtier air than 97% of Spanish cities that publish it.

Which Spain-wide rules apply when you move to Tomares?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Tomares?

Average net cold rent is 7 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 7 EUR/m²/month · cdn.mivau.gob.es1
What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
Tomares recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€20
Mobile plan, 10 GB€12
Net rent across major citiesTomares highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Tomares highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Madrid€14.00
Barcelona€13.70
Bilbao€11.50
Palma€9.80
Tomares€7.00
Murcia€5.80
Show the other 6 cities
Málaga€9.60
Seville€9.20
Valencia€8.20
Zaragoza€7.70
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria€7.30
Alicante€7.10
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited20 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 300 Mbps fibre3Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB12 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 100GB mobile plan2Official · national market
Dwellings10,302 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain13Official
Main residence dwellings8,775 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain13Official
Secondary, seasonal or vacant dwellings1,527 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain13Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)7 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.1031 Dec 2022cdn.mivau.gob.es1Official

Is Tomares a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker63%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 54–72%
Skilled employee66%strong on work, weak on education · range 57–75%
Student62%strong on cost, weak on education · range 52–72%
Family61%strong on family, weak on education · range 52–70%
Retirement58%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 47–69%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 420 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 7 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2022

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Tomares?

The unemployment rate is about 4.6 % (June 2026).

  • Unemployment rate: 4.57 % · SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 202632
Unemployment across cities in SpainUnemployment in Tomares is 4.6%. Of 1,361 cities with data, 844 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Gigabit broadband availability98.85 %30 Jun 2025SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-202519Official
People in employment10,332 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain13Official
Median gross salary (regional)1,796 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)9Official · regional context
Unemployment rate4.57 %country median 4.4%30 Jun 2026SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 202632Independent

What does a salary buy in Tomares?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €1,796 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,011of €1,463 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€1,463
Rent, 60 m²€7.00/m² · official · cdn.mivau.gob.es · 2022-12-31− €420
Internet€20 · official · DIGI 300 Mbps fibre · 2026-09-30− €20
Mobile plan€12 · official · DIGI 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €12
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€1,011
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Tomares Salary needed to live in Tomares

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Tomares. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal — Public employment service

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE)

Job SearchUnemployment ClaimTraining

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Tomares. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Safety

How safe is Tomares?

Police recorded about 2,856 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.14

Recorded crime across major citiesTomares highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Tomares highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Pamplona7,766
Alicante7,419
Murcia5,289
Córdoba5,095
Melilla5,090
Vitoria-Gasteiz4,916
Cartagena4,578
Castellón de la Plana4,251
Elche4,043
Lorca3,706
Logroño3,690
Burgos3,628
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents2,856 incidents per 100,000country median 4,28131 Dec 2024MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.14Official

Mobility and administration

The nearest airport was SVQ, 14.3 km away, with 38 listed destinations in June 2026.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport38 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat16Official
Nearest airportSVQ13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv17Official
Distance to nearest airport14.3 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv17Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Tomares. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas — public language education network — State Language Course

Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports / autonomous education authorities

For adult language learners, residents.

In Person, Online, HybridCost varies
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Tomares.

Find courses near Tomares

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Tomares?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 14 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station TORNEO)6

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in SpainAnnual PM2.5 in Tomares is 14.0 µg/m³. Of 269 cities with data, 57 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean17 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station PRINCIPES)4Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean24 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station PRINCIPES)5Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean14 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station TORNEO)6Official · nearest-station reading
Average daytime high by monthJan 16.2 · Feb 18.2 · Mar 21.5 · Apr 23.7 · May 27.8 · Jun 32.4 · Jul 35.7 · Aug 35.6 · Sep 31.1 · Oct 26 · Nov 20.1 · Dec 16.8 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station SEVILLA/SAN PABLO21Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 6.1 · Feb 7 · Mar 9.5 · Apr 11.5 · May 14.7 · Jun 18.2 · Jul 20.4 · Aug 20.6 · Sep 18.2 · Oct 14.7 · Nov 10 · Dec 7.4 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station SEVILLA/SAN PABLO21Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 11.2 · Feb 12.6 · Mar 15.5 · Apr 17.6 · May 21.3 · Jun 25.3 · Jul 28 · Aug 28.1 · Sep 24.7 · Oct 20.4 · Nov 15.1 · Dec 12.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station SEVILLA/SAN PABLO21Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 56.3 · Feb 46.2 · Mar 46.9 · Apr 54 · May 33.9 · Jun 5.8 · Jul 0.6 · Aug 2.5 · Sep 33.1 · Oct 75.4 · Nov 72.2 · Dec 77.2 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station SEVILLA/SAN PABLO21Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 202 · Feb 212.2 · Mar 246.3 · Apr 270.2 · May 324.9 · Jun 357.3 · Jul 388.1 · Aug 364.3 · Sep 278.4 · Oct 244.4 · Nov 205.3 · Dec 185.9 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station SEVILLA/SAN PABLO21Official · nearest-station reading

Similar climate. In Spain: Castellón de la Plana ±1.6 °C. Elsewhere: Round Rock (United States) ±1.6 °C, Carrollton (United States) ±1.9 °C, Lewisville (United States) ±1.9 °C, Downey (United States) ±2.5 °C, Simi Valley (United States) ±2.5 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Tomares?

The published population was 25,432 people in January 2025. Source: Tomares - official stats20

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area5.22 km²20 Oct 2025www.ign.es22Official
Foreign-resident share3.91 %31 Dec 2025Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE España)8Official
Foreign residents957 people1 Jan 2024Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España.15Official
Female residents12,875 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)10Official
Male residents12,499 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)10Official
Population25,432 people1 Jan 2025Tomares - official stats20Official

International community in Tomares

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL25,491100.0%
Spain23,98594.1%
South America5852.3%
European Union (without Spain)2861.1%
Africa1630.6%
Asia1270.5%
Rent of Europe1160.5%
Central America and Caribbean1150.5%
North America1080.4%
Oceania60.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source11

Citizenship

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL25,491100.0%
Spanish24,70396.9%
European Union (without Spain)2360.9%
South America2310.9%
Asia850.3%
Rent of Europe770.3%
Africa590.2%
North America550.2%
Central America and Caribbean420.2%
Oceania30.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source12

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Households8,775 households31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain13Official
Labour force12,417 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain13Official

Alternatives for people set on Tomares

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Castilleja de la Cuesta as a Tomares alternative in the same region

2 km away, better on 2 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Unemployment: 6.8% Castilleja de la Cuesta vs 4.6% Tomares+50%
  • Rent: €5.90/m² Castilleja de la Cuesta vs €7.00/m² Tomares−16%
  • Foreign residents: 5.4% Castilleja de la Cuesta vs 3.9% Tomares+39%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,750 Castilleja de la Cuesta vs 2,856 Tomaresno percentage
  • Residents: 17,074 Castilleja de la Cuesta vs 25,432 Tomares−33%
  • Nearest airport: 14.4 km Castilleja de la Cuesta vs 14.3 km Tomaressame level
  • Median gross pay, region: €1,796 Castilleja de la Cuesta vs €1,796 Tomaressame level

Segovia as a Tomares alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 431 km, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Foreign residents: 15.6% Segovia vs 3.9% Tomares+298%
  • Nearest airport: 68.4 km Segovia vs 14.3 km Tomares+378%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,977 Segovia vs 2,856 Tomares+39%
  • Residents: 52,375 Segovia vs 25,432 Tomares+106%
  • Unemployment: 3.1% Segovia vs 4.6% Tomares−32%
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.0 µg/m³ Segovia vs 14.0 µg/m³ Tomares−50%
  • Rent: €6.10/m² Segovia vs €7.00/m² Tomares−13%

Cities near Tomares

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Mairena del Aljarafe Commuting Zone · 3.7 km away
Rent
7.6 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Seville Commuting Zone · 4.7 km away
Rent
9.2 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2024-12-31
Dos Hermanas Commuting Zone · 14.8 km away
Rent
6.6 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Alcalá de Guadaíra Commuting Zone · 17.8 km away
Rent
5.7 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Bormujos 2.3 km away
Rent
7.2 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Gines 3.3 km away
Rent
5.9 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31

Alternative cities in Spain

Other cities in Spain to compare with Tomares, nearest in population first.

All Spain cities

How does Tomares compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Tomares's.

Tomares in rankings

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Tomares under the national coverage rules.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Regional reception programmes (aulas de enlace Madrid / aules d acollida Catalonia etc). How to enrol a child (educacionfpydeportes.gob.es).

A country-wide rule for Spain; Tomares's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Is Tomares part of Mairena del Aljarafe?

Tomares is in the published commuting zone of Mairena del Aljarafe; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Mairena del Aljarafe city profile

Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source7

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Tomares?

The published population was 25,432 people in January 2025. Source: Tomares - official stats.

How much does it cost to rent in Tomares?

Average net cold rent is 7 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 490 EUR a month before utilities. Source: cdn.mivau.gob.es.

Is the air quality good in Tomares?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 14 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station TORNEO).

How safe is Tomares?

Police recorded about 2,856 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator..

What is the unemployment rate in Tomares?

The unemployment rate is about 4.6 % (June 2026). Source: SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026.

What is the typical salary around Tomares?

The median gross salary is 1,796 EUR/month. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).

Is Tomares a good place to live?

Tomares may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Is Tomares part of Mairena del Aljarafe?

Tomares is in the published commuting zone of Mairena del Aljarafe; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.

Which cities are near Tomares?

Mairena del Aljarafe, Seville, Dos Hermanas, Alcalá de Guadaíra, Castilleja de la Cuesta are near Tomares. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Spain live in Tomares?

The official country of birth distribution records 23,985 people (94.1%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Tomares, Spain: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 222271cc7c9884c139de44d9b61e1e53]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/tomares/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_tomares-spain-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_cf5ecac5ce6c,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Tomares, Spain: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {222271cc7c9884c139de44d9b61e1e53},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/tomares/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Tomares, Spain: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/tomares/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 222271cc7c9884c139de44d9b61e1e53; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. cdn.mivau.gob.es cdn.mivau.gob.es · checked 2026-08-26
  2. DIGI 100GB mobile plan digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  3. DIGI 300 Mbps fibre digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  4. EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station PRINCIPES) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  5. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station PRINCIPES) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  6. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station TORNEO) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  7. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  8. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE España) ine.es · checked 2026-08-03
  9. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-06
  10. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
Show 22 more sources
  1. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
  2. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
  3. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  4. MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator. estadisticasdecriminalidad.ses.mir.es · checked 2026-07-16
  5. Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España. ine.es · checked 2024-01-01
  6. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  7. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  8. SERPAVI 2026 — Tabla 2, Madrid SERPAVI 2026 · publicaciones.transportes.gob.es · checked 2026-07-26
  9. SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-2025 digital.gob.es · checked 2025-06-30
  10. Tomares - official stats ine.es · checked 2026-07-14
  11. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station SEVILLA/SAN PABLO WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  12. www.ign.es ign.es · checked 2026-08-30
  13. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  14. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  15. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026 SEPE · sepe.es · checked 2026-07-26

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.