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Living in Voghera

Voghera is a city in Italy. The city had 44 schools in August 2025. Voghera covers 63.44 km², with a population density of 634 people per km² at the start of 2026. The city had 23,010 dwellings in 2023.

Which Italy-wide rules apply when you move to Voghera?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in ItalyNational rates and thresholds that apply in Voghera.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Voghera?

Average net cold rent is 4.15 EUR/m² per month (2025-S2), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 4.15 EUR/m²/month · Collected source1

City-level rent is published below; no city-level cost-of-living basket is published for Voghera yet.

Net rent across major citiesVoghera highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Voghera highlighted€30.00Milano€17.15Rome€9.10Napolinet rent, € / m² / month
MetricValuePeriodSource
Dwellings23,010 dwellings31 Dec 2023ISTAT permanent population and housing census by census section and municipality9Official
G05 Main Residential Dwellings18,192 dwellings31 Dec 2021Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)4Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)4.15 EUR/m²/month31 Dec 2025Collected source1Official · municipality zone median

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 249 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 4.15 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2025-S2

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Voghera?

The unemployment rate is about 6.3 % (2023).

  • Unemployment rate: 6.33 % · Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)11
Unemployment across cities in ItalyUnemployment in Voghera is 6.3%. Of 2,385 cities with data, 1,023 have unemployment of 4 to under 6%.
unemployment rate, % · measured cities in Italy per band9 cities: 0% to under 2%90–2155 cities: 2% to under 4%1552–41023 cities: 4% to under 6%10234–6316 cities: 6% to under 8%3166–8Voghera 6.3%232 cities: 8% to under 10%2328–10335 cities: 10% to under 12%33510–12189 cities: 12% to under 14%18912–1485 cities: 14% to under 16%8514–1621 cities: 16% to under 18%2116–1814 cities: 18% to under 20%1418–203 cities: 20% to under 22%320–222 cities: 22% to under 24%222–241 city: 24% to under 26%124–26

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
People in employment16,302 people31 Dec 2021Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)5Official
Median gross salary (regional)1,980 EUR/month31 Dec 2024servizi2.inps.it22Official
Unemployment rate6.33 %country median 6.0%31 Dec 2023Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)11Official

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Voghera. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Centri per l'impiego — Public employment service

Italian public employment services / regional employment centres

Job SearchTraining
Search jobs
Open the Italy service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Voghera. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Schools44 schools31 Aug 2025MIM Open Data - Anagrafe scuole statali e paritarie14Official
Primary School Count8 count3 Aug 2026Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it)15Official
School Count42 count3 Aug 2026Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it)15Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport33 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights20Official
Nearest airportLIN3 Aug 2026OurAirports21Official
Distance to nearest airport55 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports21Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Voghera. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

CPIA public Italian-language and orientation courses for foreign adults — State Language Course

Italian public adult-education system — Centri Provinciali per l'Istruzione degli Adulti

For foreign adults, people seeking Italian language and culture courses.

ItalianCEFR A2In Personvaries
Open official information

L.O.R.R. — Language, Orientation, Recognition and Networks with CPIA — Job-related language course

Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies / FAMI 2021-2027 programme

For third-country nationals, vulnerable migrants, unaccompanied minors.

ItalianIn Person, Onlinenot_published
Open official information
Open the full Italy section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Voghera.

Climate and air quality

Annual NO₂ was 24 µg/m³ in 2022. Annual PM10 was 28 µg/m³ in 2022.

Is the air quality good in Voghera?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 19 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — IT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station SANNAZZARO)2

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits
Voghera annual air pollutant levels against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limitsCity valueWHO guidelineEU limit52519.0PM2.5154028.0PM10104024.0NO₂µg/m³

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in ItalyAnnual PM2.5 in Voghera is 19.0 µg/m³. Of 1,690 cities with data, 204 have annual PM2.5 of 12 to under 13 µg/m³.
annual PM2.5, µg/m³ · measured cities in Italy per band7 cities: 3 µg/m³ to under 4 µg/m³73–41 city: 4 µg/m³ to under 5 µg/m³14–512 cities: 5 µg/m³ to under 6 µg/m³125–68 cities: 6 µg/m³ to under 7 µg/m³86–714 cities: 7 µg/m³ to under 8 µg/m³147–855 cities: 8 µg/m³ to under 9 µg/m³558–9121 cities: 9 µg/m³ to under 10 µg/m³1219–10118 cities: 10 µg/m³ to under 11 µg/m³11810–11114 cities: 11 µg/m³ to under 12 µg/m³11411–12204 cities: 12 µg/m³ to under 13 µg/m³20412–13171 cities: 13 µg/m³ to under 14 µg/m³17113–14121 cities: 14 µg/m³ to under 15 µg/m³12114–1585 cities: 15 µg/m³ to under 16 µg/m³8515–1679 cities: 16 µg/m³ to under 17 µg/m³7916–1782 cities: 17 µg/m³ to under 18 µg/m³8217–18131 cities: 18 µg/m³ to under 19 µg/m³13118–19113 cities: 19 µg/m³ to under 20 µg/m³11319–20Voghera 19.062 cities: 20 µg/m³ to under 21 µg/m³6220–2170 cities: 21 µg/m³ to under 22 µg/m³7021–2260 cities: 22 µg/m³ to under 23 µg/m³6022–2317 cities: 23 µg/m³ to under 24 µg/m³1723–2435 cities: 24 µg/m³ to under 25 µg/m³3524–259 cities: 25 µg/m³ to under 26 µg/m³925–261 city: 28 µg/m³ to under 29 µg/m³128–29

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean24 µg/m³country median 15.02022Validated annual station statistic media_yy for the requested pollutant23Official
PM10 — annual mean28 µg/m³country median 22.02022Validated annual station statistic media_yy for the requested pollutant23Official
PM2.5 — annual mean19 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — IT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station SANNAZZARO)2Official · nearest-station reading
Climate Monthly Extreme High CJan 21.8 · Feb 20.88 · Mar 25.04 · Apr 29.03 · May 32.41 · Jun 40.07 · Jul 38.67 · Aug 40.79 · Sep 34.95 · Oct 30.47 · Nov 23.05 · Dec 15.84 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center16Official
Climate Monthly Extreme Low CJan -7.35 · Feb -13.13 · Mar -7.25 · Apr -1.82 · May 3.64 · Jun 6.79 · Jul 11.87 · Aug 11.34 · Sep 5.63 · Oct 0.31 · Nov -3.63 · Dec -9.93 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center16Official
Average temperature by monthJan 2.83 · Feb 4.53 · Mar 8.87 · Apr 13.09 · May 17.35 · Jun 22.13 · Jul 25.06 · Aug 24.72 · Sep 19.87 · Oct 14.36 · Nov 8.3 · Dec 3.44 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center16Official

Cities of a similar size in Italy

Closest published populations, for a like-for-like comparison.

All Italy cities
Jesi39,391 residentsAlbano Laziale39,662 residentsTorre Annunziata39,719 residentsBarcellona Pozzo di Gotto39,763 residentsCesano Maderno39,763 residentsPomigliano d'Arco39,784 residents

Population and city profile

How many people live in Voghera?

The published population was 39,515 people in 2025. Source: ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 20258

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population
Voghera residents by nationalityBy nationalityNational passport81.9%Foreign residents18.1%

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Cars per 1,000 residents665 cars/1000 residents31 Dec 2023IstatData / ACI Pubblico registro automobilistico10Official
City area63.44 km²2026Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage.18Official
Foreign residents7,166 people1 Jan 2026Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total.17Official
Population density634 people/km²1 Jan 2026Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage.19Official
Population Female20,262 people31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)3Official
Population Male19,253 people31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)3Official
Population39,515 people1 Jan 2025ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 20258Official
Population over time8 published observations, 2018–2025
Population in Voghera by year, residents38,22038,68439,14739,611201820202022202539,515residents

Population rose 1.2% between 2018 and 2025, from 39,051 to 39,515.

International community in Voghera

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Resident population in Italy at 1 January 2025; source-native country dimension; total sex · 2025-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Derived source total (sum of all published country rows)39,515100.0%
Italia31,86380.6%
Romania1,2133.1%
Marocco7591.9%
Albania6891.7%
Ucraina6491.6%
Egitto5791.5%
Senegal3460.9%
Cina2800.7%
Nigeria2800.7%
Show 119 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Brasile2470.6%
Tunisia1930.5%
Moldova1740.4%
Perù1560.4%
Ecuador1530.4%
India1160.3%
Pakistan1130.3%
Argentina1010.3%
Federazione russa850.2%
Germania680.2%
Repubblica Dominicana670.2%
Camerun650.2%
Francia620.2%
Polonia580.1%
Bangladesh570.1%
Svizzera540.1%
Colombia540.1%
Costa d'Avorio520.1%
Cuba510.1%
Venezuela400.1%
Gambia380.1%
Algeria360.1%
Macedonia del Nord340.1%
Thailandia340.1%
Turchia340.1%
Mali340.1%
Burkina Faso310.1%
Guinea310.1%
Ghana300.1%
Regno Unito290.1%
Bulgaria280.1%
Sri Lanka280.1%
Siria270.1%
Spagna230.1%
Georgia210.1%
Serbia180.0%
Filippine160.0%
Libia160.0%
Maurizio160.0%
Uruguay160.0%
Croazia150.0%
El Salvador140.0%
Kosovo120.0%
Togo120.0%
Repubblica Democratica del Congo120.0%
Stati Uniti d'America120.0%
Afghanistan110.0%
Kazakhstan110.0%
Belgio100.0%
Benin100.0%
Grecia80.0%
Slovacchia80.0%
Bielorussia80.0%
Kenya80.0%
Eritrea80.0%
Slovenia70.0%
Iran70.0%
Iraq70.0%
Libano70.0%
Etiopia70.0%
Austria60.0%
Bosnia-Erzegovina60.0%
Kirghizistan60.0%
Australia60.0%
Congo50.0%
Canada50.0%
Bolivia50.0%
Cile50.0%
Paraguay50.0%
Portogallo40.0%
Svezia40.0%
Lituania40.0%
Arabia Saudita40.0%
Giordania40.0%
Burundi40.0%
Repubblica Centrafricana40.0%
Guinea-Bissau40.0%
Liberia40.0%
Somalia40.0%
Messico40.0%
Estonia30.0%
Lettonia30.0%
Repubblica ceca30.0%
Emirati Arabi Uniti30.0%
Indonesia30.0%
Sudan30.0%
Malta20.0%
Paesi Bassi20.0%
Giappone20.0%
Laos20.0%
Nepal20.0%
Singapore20.0%
Uzbekistan20.0%
Madagascar20.0%
Mozambico20.0%
Niger20.0%
Ruanda20.0%
Tanzania20.0%
Dominica20.0%
Danimarca10.0%
Finlandia10.0%
Norvegia10.0%
San Marino10.0%
Montenegro10.0%
Corea del Sud10.0%
Israele10.0%
Vietnam10.0%
Armenia10.0%
Azerbaigian10.0%
Taiwan10.0%
Turkmenistan10.0%
Ciad10.0%
Gabon10.0%
Namibia10.0%
Sierra Leone10.0%
Zimbabwe10.0%
Honduras10.0%
Nicaragua10.0%
Samoa10.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source13

Citizenship

Resident population in Italy at 1 January 2025; source-native country dimension; total sex · 2025-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Derived source total (sum of all published country rows)39,515100.0%
Italia33,02183.6%
Romania1,3793.5%
Ucraina6201.6%
Marocco6001.5%
Egitto5731.5%
Albania4341.1%
Cina3650.9%
Nigeria3500.9%
Senegal2900.7%
Show 91 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Tunisia1790.5%
Perù1330.3%
Ecuador1150.3%
Pakistan1050.3%
Brasile1010.3%
India950.2%
Camerun820.2%
Bangladesh570.1%
Moldova560.1%
Costa d'Avorio550.1%
Polonia440.1%
Gambia410.1%
Federazione russa400.1%
Turchia400.1%
Mali390.1%
Repubblica Dominicana390.1%
Cuba380.1%
Sri Lanka350.1%
Burkina Faso350.1%
Ghana310.1%
Siria300.1%
Algeria300.1%
Guinea300.1%
Colombia290.1%
Bulgaria280.1%
Macedonia del Nord250.1%
Thailandia240.1%
Venezuela210.1%
Georgia190.0%
Spagna170.0%
Germania130.0%
Argentina130.0%
Congo120.0%
Afghanistan110.0%
Maurizio110.0%
Togo110.0%
Serbia100.0%
Filippine100.0%
El Salvador100.0%
Kosovo80.0%
Francia70.0%
Portogallo70.0%
Bosnia-Erzegovina70.0%
Benin70.0%
Stati Uniti d'America70.0%
Regno Unito60.0%
Lituania60.0%
Bielorussia60.0%
Iraq60.0%
Kenya60.0%
Svezia50.0%
Iran50.0%
Kazakhstan50.0%
Etiopia50.0%
Austria40.0%
Slovacchia40.0%
Libano40.0%
Guinea-Bissau40.0%
Sudan40.0%
Dominica40.0%
Paesi Bassi30.0%
Lettonia30.0%
Slovenia30.0%
Indonesia30.0%
Liberia30.0%
Uruguay30.0%
Lussemburgo20.0%
Estonia20.0%
Croazia20.0%
Palestina20.0%
Giappone20.0%
Mozambico20.0%
Niger20.0%
Repubblica Democratica del Congo20.0%
Cile20.0%
Belgio10.0%
Finlandia10.0%
Grecia10.0%
Svizzera10.0%
Montenegro10.0%
Corea del Sud10.0%
Laos10.0%
Taiwan10.0%
Burundi10.0%
Ciad10.0%
Libia10.0%
Sierra Leone10.0%
Somalia10.0%
Eritrea10.0%
Honduras10.0%
Messico10.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source12

Is Voghera a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker53%strong on work, weak on safety · range 43–63%
Skilled employee64%strong on work, weak on safety · range 55–73%
Student62%strong on education, weak on safety · range 52–72%
Family62%strong on family, weak on safety · range 51–73%
Retirement49%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 37–61%
Foreign residents7,166 people1 Jan 2026Official source · Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total.
Population39,515 people1 Jan 2025Official source · ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025
Average net rent (nettokalt)4.15 EUR/m²/month31 Dec 2025Official source · Collected source
Dwellings23,010 dwellings31 Dec 2023Official source · ISTAT permanent population and housing census by census section and municipality
People in employment16,302 people31 Dec 2021Official source · Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)
Median gross salary (regional)1,980 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · servizi2.inps.it
Every value keeps its source, geographic scope and verification date · Last checked 2026-09-03

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Residents born abroad17.97 %31 Dec 2023ISTAT permanent population and housing census by census section and municipality9Official
G05 Non Citizen Share Pct16.43 %31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)6Official
Households19,206 households31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)7Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Voghera when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Voghera?

The published population was 39,515 people in 2025. Source: ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025.

How much does it cost to rent in Voghera?

Average net cold rent is 4.15 EUR/m² per month (2025-S2), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 291 EUR a month before utilities. Source: Collected source.

Is the air quality good in Voghera?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 19 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — IT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station SANNAZZARO).

What is the unemployment rate in Voghera?

The unemployment rate is about 6.3 % (2023). Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT).

What is the typical salary around Voghera?

The median gross salary is 1,980 EUR/month. Source: servizi2.inps.it.

How many foreign residents live in Voghera?

7,166 people residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total..

Is Voghera a good place to live?

Voghera may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

How many people born in Derived source total (sum of all published country rows) live in Voghera?

The official country of birth distribution records 39,515 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2025-01-01. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Voghera, Italy: rent, salary, jobs, climate [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/voghera/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_voghera-italy-rent-salary-jobs-climate_c4b09b5cf2e7,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Voghera, Italy: rent, salary, jobs, climate},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-12},
  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/voghera/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Voghera, Italy: rent, salary, jobs, climate](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/voghera/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. Collected source www1.agenziaentrate.gov.it · checked 2026-08-05
  2. EEA air quality statistics — IT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station SANNAZZARO) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  3. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  4. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  5. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  6. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  7. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  8. ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025 demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-26
  9. ISTAT permanent population and housing census by census section and municipality istat.it · checked 2026-07-16
  10. IstatData / ACI Pubblico registro automobilistico istat.it · checked 2026-08-08
Show 13 more sources
  1. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) istat.it · checked 2026-08-04
  2. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat), Italy citizenship distribution demo.istat.it · checked 2026-08-28
  3. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat), Italy country_of_birth distribution demo.istat.it · checked 2026-08-28
  4. MIM Open Data - Anagrafe scuole statali e paritarie dati.istruzione.it · checked 2026-07-16
  5. Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it) dati.istruzione.it · checked 2026-08-03
  6. NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  7. Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total. demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
  8. Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. situas-servizi.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
  9. Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
  10. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  11. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  12. servizi2.inps.it servizi2.inps.it · checked 2026-08-27
  13. Validated annual station statistic media_yy for the requested pollutant isprambiente.gov.it · checked 2026-07-15

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.