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Living in Hirakata

In Hirakata, rents across existing tenancies average €7.61 per m² a month (2023).

Hirakata registered an unemployment rate of 4.21% at the end of 2020.

Last checked 2026-09-2435 sources

Population390,926people1 Jan 2026Official source · Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey; 2026-01-01 municipal total
Median gross salary (region)322.6EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · www.e-stat.go.jp
Average net rent7.61EUR/m²/monthcountry median €6.27 — 21% aboveOfficial source · www.e-stat.go.jp
Unemployment rate4.21%country median 3.8% — 12% aboveOfficial source · 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)
Recorded crime456.6incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025Official source · JP-27-Osaka-2025
PM2.5, annual mean8.5µg/m³country median 8.4 — about the sameOfficial source · MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 枚方市

Pricier rent than 76% of Japanese cities that publish it and higher unemployment than 71% of Japanese cities that publish it.

Which Japan-wide rules apply when you move to Hirakata?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in JapanNational rates and thresholds that apply in Hirakata.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

Japan's Housing and Land Survey monthly-rent measure excludes security deposits, key money/right money and common-area charges. The Ministry of Land says deposit terms vary by regional custom; these sources provide context, not a comparable city-level distribution. Statistics Bureau glossary (2018) · MLIT rental-housing Q&A.

How much does it cost to rent in Hirakata?

Average net cold rent is about 7.61 EUR/m² per month (2023 Housing and Land Survey), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 7.61 EUR/m²/month · www.e-stat.go.jp18
What recurs every month4 published recurring costs, € per month
Hirakata recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€456
Utilities, 85 m² flat€122
Internet, 60 Mbps€32
Mobile plan, 10 GB€22

Supplemental estimate lane, not official statistics: Utilities, 85 m² flat, Private kindergarten. The others are published prices.

Net rent across major citiesHirakata highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Hirakata highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Kawasaki€13.36
Yokohama€11.97
Osaka€10.65
Kyoto€10.46
Hirakata€7.61
Sapporo€7.56
Show the other 6 cities
Saitama€10.37
Fukuoka€9.00
Kobe€8.87
Sendai€8.85
Nagoya€8.81
Hiroshima€8.38
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited32.03 EUR/month30 Sept 2026NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet12Official · national market
Private kindergarten, monthly456 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant3.37 EUR31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB21.56 EUR/month30 Sept 2026docomo mini 10GB3Official · national market
Basic utilities, 85 m² home121.6 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Housing vacancy rate11.43 %31 Oct 20232023 Housing and Land Survey, Table 1-2: Housing by occupancy status1Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)7.61 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €6.2731 Dec 2023www.e-stat.go.jp18Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)352.9 EUR/month31 Oct 2023Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling — Japan, prefecture, shi, ku, machi and mura6Official

Is Hirakata a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker56%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 48–64%
Skilled employee68%strong on work, weak on safety · range 60–76%
Student69%strong on education, weak on work · range 62–76%
Family77%strong on family, weak on legal route · range 70–84%
Retirement61%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 52–70%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 457 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of about 7.61 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2023 Housing and Land Survey

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Hirakata?

The unemployment rate is about 4.2 % (October 2020).

  • Unemployment rate: 4.21 % · 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)23
Unemployment across cities in JapanUnemployment in Hirakata is 4.2%. Of 1,816 cities with data, 818 have unemployment of 3 to under 4%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Public employment offices1 count15 Sept 2026Hello Work Hirakata — office list5Official
Median gross salary (regional)322.6 EUR/month31 Dec 2024www.e-stat.go.jp19Official
Unemployment rate4.21 %country median 3.8%31 Dec 2020総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)23Official

What does a salary buy in Hirakata?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €323 (e-stat.go.jp, 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€0of €0 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Internet
  • Mobile
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.outside the model's range
Rent, 60 m²€7.61/m² · official · e-stat.go.jp · 2023-12-31− €457
Public transport passnot published for this city—
Utilities, 85 m²€122 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €122
Internet€32 · official · NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet · 2026-09-30− €32
Mobile plan€22 · official · docomo mini 10GB · 2026-09-30− €22
Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish—
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Hirakata Salary needed to live in Hirakata

Public employment offices in Hirakata

Hello Work Hirakata lists 1 public employment office in Hirakata (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.

Office count verified

Hello Work — Public employment service

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan

Job Search
Search jobs
Open the Japan service overview

The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Schools80 schools1 May 2024MEXT School Basic Survey 2024 municipality table 00004023112710Official

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Hospital beds per 1,000 residents13.63 per 1,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20247Official
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents1,363 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20247Official
Hospitals23 count1 Jun 2026医療情報ネット hospitals facility CSV20Official
Pharmacies161 count1 Jun 2026医療情報ネット pharmacies CSV21Official
Physicians per 1,000 residents3.11 per 1,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20248Official
Physicians per 100,000 residents311 per 100,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20248Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Hirakata when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents1,363 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-09-16
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Hirakata?

Police recorded about 457 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

  • Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 456.6 incidents per 100,000 · JP-27-Osaka-20259
MetricValuePeriodSource
Burglaries per 100,000 residents5.29 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025JP-27-Osaka-20259Official
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents456.6 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025JP-27-Osaka-20259Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents27.94 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025JP-27-Osaka-20259Official

Mobility and administration

Hirakata's nearest airport was ITM, 19 km away and offered 22 direct destinations.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Direct destinations from the nearest major airport22 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights13Official
Destinations from nearest airport34 count2024Unique direct scheduled destination endpoints for the nearest scheduled-service airport in the complete 97-airport MLIT universe; domestic endpoints come from the official 2024 annual route table and international endpoints from the official 2024 summer and winter direct scheduled-flight tables.16Official
Distance to the nearest major airport19 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports14Official
Nearest major airport (IATA code)ITM3 Aug 2026OurAirports14Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Hirakata. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Japanese Language Education Program for Foreigners Living in Japan — State Language Course

Agency for Cultural Affairs

For foreigners living in Japan.

JapaneseIn Person, Online
Open official information
Open the full Japan section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Hirakata.

Find courses near Hirakata

Climate and air quality

Monthly mean temperature moved from 6.2°C in January to 27.7°C in July. Hirakata's monthly precipitation totalled 47 mm in January and 174.4 mm in July. Average monthly sunshine totalled 146.5 hours in January and 184 hours in July.

Is the air quality good in Hirakata?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 8.5 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 枚方市11

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in JapanAnnual PM2.5 in Hirakata is 8.5 µg/m³. Of 804 cities with data, 209 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean8.5 µg/m³country median 8.4 — about the same31 Mar 2024MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 枚方市11Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 9.7 · Feb 10.5 · Mar 14.2 · Apr 19.9 · May 24.9 · Jun 28 · Jul 31.8 · Aug 33.7 · Sep 29.5 · Oct 23.7 · Nov 17.8 · Dec 12.3 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station OSAKA17Official · parent municipality
Average night-time low by monthJan 3 · Feb 3.2 · Mar 6 · Apr 10.9 · May 16 · Jun 20.3 · Jul 24.6 · Aug 25.8 · Sep 21.9 · Oct 16 · Nov 10.2 · Dec 5.3 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station OSAKA17Official · parent municipality
Average temperature by monthJan 6.2 · Feb 6.6 · Mar 9.9 · Apr 15.2 · May 20.1 · Jun 23.6 · Jul 27.7 · Aug 29 · Sep 25.2 · Oct 19.5 · Nov 13.8 · Dec 8.7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station OSAKA17Official · parent municipality
Average precipitation by monthJan 47 · Feb 60.5 · Mar 103.1 · Apr 101.9 · May 136.5 · Jun 185.1 · Jul 174.4 · Aug 113 · Sep 152.8 · Oct 136 · Nov 72.5 · Dec 55.5 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station OSAKA17Official · parent municipality
Average sunshine by monthJan 146.5 · Feb 140.6 · Mar 172.2 · Apr 192.6 · May 203.7 · Jun 154.3 · Jul 184 · Aug 222.4 · Sep 161.6 · Oct 166.1 · Nov 152.6 · Dec 152.1 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station OSAKA17Official · parent municipality

Similar climate. In Japan: Marugame ±0.6 °C. Elsewhere: Little Rock (United States) ±2.3 °C, Carrollton (United States) ±2.5 °C, Lewisville (United States) ±2.5 °C, Oklahoma City (United States) ±2.9 °C, Murfreesboro (United States) ±3.2 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

The population density of Hirakata stood at 6,100.9 people per km² at the end of 2020.

How many people live in Hirakata?

The published population was 390,926 people in 2026. Source: Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey; 2026-01-01 municipal total15

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area65.12 km²3 Aug 2026国土地理院 (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)22Official
Foreign-resident share1.82 %3 Aug 2026総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民 ÷ 総計)25Official
Foreign residents7,107 people3 Aug 2026総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民)25Official
Population density6,101 people/km²31 Dec 2020総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 第1-1表)24Official
Population390,926 people1 Jan 2026Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey; 2026-01-01 municipal total15Official

International community in Hirakata

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Citizenship

Persons in the official 2020 Population Census Basic Complete Tabulation on Population and Households; sex-total population by source-native nationality category. · 2020

Published groupPeopleShare
Total397,289100.0%
Japanese377,10894.9%
Nationality not reported17,0914.3%
Foreigner3,0900.8%
People's Republic of China9800.2%
Others7550.2%
Republic of Korea6620.2%
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam2930.1%
Federative Republic of Brazil850.0%
United States of America820.0%
Republic of the Philippines710.0%
Show 6 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Republic of Indonesia390.0%
Kingdom of Thailand380.0%
Republic of Peru320.0%
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal220.0%
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland160.0%
India150.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source4

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median age50.9 years31 Dec 20262026 Resident Basic Register, population by age group by municipality (total residents)2Official

Alternatives for people set on Hirakata

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Ōtsu as a Hirakata alternative in the same region

29 km away, better on 3 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 624 Ōtsu vs 457 Hirakatano percentage
  • Rent: €7.20/m² Ōtsu vs €7.61/m² Hirakata−5%
  • Unemployment: 3.8% Ōtsu vs 4.2% Hirakata−10%
  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 1,105.5 Ōtsu vs 1,362.9 Hirakata−19%
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.3 µg/m³ Ōtsu vs 8.5 µg/m³ Hirakata−14%
  • Median gross pay, region: €332 Ōtsu vs €323 Hirakatasame level
  • Empty flats: 10.9% Ōtsu vs 11.4% Hirakata−5%
Full comparisonMore about Ōtsu

Gifu as a Hirakata alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 122 km, better on 5 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Foreign residents: 3.3% Gifu vs 1.8% Hirakata+82%
  • Empty flats: 18.3% Gifu vs 11.4% Hirakata+60%
  • Rent: €6.53/m² Gifu vs €7.61/m² Hirakata−14%
  • A meal out: €6 Gifu vs €3 Hirakata+88%
  • Unemployment: 3.4% Gifu vs 4.2% Hirakata−20%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 791 Gifu vs 457 Hirakatano percentage
  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 1,576.3 Gifu vs 1,362.9 Hirakata+16%
Full comparisonMore about Gifu

Cities near Hirakata

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Katano 4.0 km away
Rent
6.86 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Neyagawa 5.6 km away
Rent
7.38 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Shimamoto-cho 7.9 km away
Rent
6.95 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Shijōnawate 8.2 km away
Rent
7.98 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Yawata 8.7 km away
Rent
7.15 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Settsu 8.9 km away
Rent
8.58 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Kyōtanabe 10.8 km away
Rent
8.43 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31

Alternative cities in Japan

Other cities in Japan to compare with Hirakata, nearest in population first.

All Japan cities
Nagasaki390,551 residentsMiyazaki394,504 residentsSuita386,317 residentsGifu399,127 residentsOkazaki382,656 residentsToyama403,757 residents

How does Hirakata compare?

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Put Hirakata's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Hirakata?

The published population was 390,926 people in 2026. Source: Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey; 2026-01-01 municipal total.

How much does it cost to rent in Hirakata?

Average net cold rent is about 7.61 EUR/m² per month (2023 Housing and Land Survey), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 533 EUR a month before utilities. Source: www.e-stat.go.jp.

Is the air quality good in Hirakata?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 8.5 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 枚方市.

How safe is Hirakata?

Police recorded about 457 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: JP-27-Osaka-2025.

What is the unemployment rate in Hirakata?

The unemployment rate is about 4.2 % (October 2020). Source: 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表).

What is the typical salary around Hirakata?

The median gross salary is 322.6 EUR/month. Source: www.e-stat.go.jp.

Is Hirakata a good place to live?

Hirakata may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Hirakata?

Katano, Neyagawa, Shimamoto-cho, Shijōnawate, Yawata are near Hirakata. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people are in the Japanese citizenship group in Hirakata?

The official citizenship distribution records 377,108 people (94.9%) in the source-defined population for 2020. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Hirakata, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version edc03a26586660b913e57eb7c14d4893]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/hirakata/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_hirakata-japan-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_4f010fe3a257,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Hirakata, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {edc03a26586660b913e57eb7c14d4893},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/hirakata/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Hirakata, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/hirakata/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version edc03a26586660b913e57eb7c14d4893; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2023 Housing and Land Survey, Table 1-2: Housing by occupancy status e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-17
  2. 2026 Resident Basic Register, population by age group by municipality (total residents) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-24
  3. docomo mini 10GB docomo.ne.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  4. e-Stat / Statistics Bureau of Japan 2020 Population Census table 44-1 nationality e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-01
  5. Hello Work Hirakata — office list Hello Work Hirakata · jsite.mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  6. Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling — Japan, prefecture, shi, ku, machi and mura Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling · e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-12
  7. Japan official municipality health statistics 2024 mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-08-13
  8. Japan official municipality health statistics 2024 mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-08-13
  9. JP-27-Osaka-2025 police.pref.osaka.lg.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  10. MEXT School Basic Survey 2024 municipality table 000040231127 e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-07-16
Show 25 more sources
  1. MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 枚方市 MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 · env.go.jp · checked 2026-07-26
  2. NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet flets.com · checked 2026-09-15
  3. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  4. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  5. Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey; 2026-01-01 municipal total e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-10
  6. Unique direct scheduled destination endpoints for the nearest scheduled-service airport in the complete 97-airport MLIT universe; domestic endpoints come from the official 2024 annual route table and international endpoints from the official 2024 summer and winter direct scheduled-flight tables. mlit.go.jp · checked 2026-07-15
  7. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station OSAKA WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  8. www.e-stat.go.jp e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-27
  9. www.e-stat.go.jp e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-27
  10. 医療情報ネット hospitals facility CSV mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  11. 医療情報ネット pharmacies CSV mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  12. 国土地理院 (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan) gsi.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  13. 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  14. 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 第1-1表) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  15. 総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民) soumu.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2 Global Cost of Living · kaggle.com · checked 2026-07-27
  20. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q1347149 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  21. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q260923 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  22. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q643878 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  23. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q742160 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  24. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q816728 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  25. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q819646 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.