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Living in Kagoshima

In Kagoshima, rents across existing tenancies average €6.84 per m² a month (2023).

The city faced an unemployment rate of 4.14% at the end of 2020. In March 2024, annual PM2.5 reached 9.8 µg/m³.

Last checked 2026-09-2432 sources

Population587,255people1 Jan 2026Official source · Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey — Total, 1 January 2026
Median gross salary (region)289.2EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · www.e-stat.go.jp
Average net rent6.84EUR/m²/monthcountry median €6.27 — 9% aboveOfficial source · www.e-stat.go.jp
Unemployment rate4.14%country median 3.8% — 10% aboveOfficial source · 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)
Recorded crime551incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025Regional figureOfficial source · 令和７年の犯罪情勢 / 令和７年の犯罪情勢 統計表, 図表1-5-2
PM2.5, annual mean9.77µg/m³country median 8.4 — 16% aboveOfficial source · MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 鹿児島市

Pricier rent than 63% of Japanese cities that publish it, higher unemployment than 68% of Japanese cities that publish it and dirtier air than 81% of Japanese cities that publish it.

Which Japan-wide rules apply when you move to Kagoshima?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in JapanNational rates and thresholds that apply in Kagoshima.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

Japan's Housing and Land Survey monthly-rent measure excludes security deposits, key money/right money and common-area charges. The Ministry of Land says deposit terms vary by regional custom; these sources provide context, not a comparable city-level distribution. Statistics Bureau glossary (2018) · MLIT rental-housing Q&A.

How much does it cost to rent in Kagoshima?

Average net cold rent is about 6.84 EUR/m² per month (2023 Housing and Land Survey), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 6.84 EUR/m²/month · www.e-stat.go.jp16
What recurs every month5 published recurring costs, € per month
Kagoshima recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€204
Utilities, 85 m² flat€90
Transport pass€56
Internet, 60 Mbps€32
Mobile plan, 10 GB€22

Supplemental estimate lane, not official statistics: Utilities, 85 m² flat, Private kindergarten, Transport pass. The others are published prices.

Net rent across major citiesKagoshima highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Kagoshima highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Kawasaki€13.36
Yokohama€11.97
Osaka€10.65
Kyoto€10.46
Sapporo€7.56
Kagoshima€6.84
Show the other 6 cities
Saitama€10.37
Fukuoka€9.00
Kobe€8.87
Sendai€8.85
Nagoya€8.81
Hiroshima€8.38
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited32.03 EUR/month30 Sept 2026NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet11Official · national market
Private kindergarten, monthly203.9 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v228Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant8.43 EUR31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v228Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB21.56 EUR/month30 Sept 2026docomo mini 10GB3Official · national market
Monthly transport pass56.25 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v228Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home89.65 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v228Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Housing vacancy rate15.28 %31 Oct 20232023 Housing and Land Survey, Table 1-2: Housing by occupancy status1Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)6.84 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €6.2731 Dec 2023www.e-stat.go.jp16Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)313.9 EUR/month31 Oct 2023Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling — Japan, prefecture, shi, ku, machi and mura5Official

Is Kagoshima a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker54%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 45–63%
Skilled employee62%strong on work, weak on education · range 53–71%
Student55%strong on cost, weak on education · range 45–65%
Family61%strong on family, weak on education · range 51–71%
Retirement54%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 44–64%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 411 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of about 6.84 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2023 Housing and Land Survey

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Kagoshima?

The unemployment rate is about 4.1 % (October 2020).

  • Unemployment rate: 4.14 % · 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)22
Unemployment across cities in JapanUnemployment in Kagoshima is 4.1%. Of 1,816 cities with data, 818 have unemployment of 3 to under 4%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Public employment offices1 count15 Sept 2026MHLW — Hello Work nationwide location list9Official
Median gross salary (regional)289.2 EUR/month31 Dec 2024www.e-stat.go.jp17Official
Unemployment rate4.14 %country median 3.8%31 Dec 2020総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)22Official

What does a salary buy in Kagoshima?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €289 (e-stat.go.jp, 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€0of €0 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.outside the model's range
Rent, 60 m²€6.84/m² · official · e-stat.go.jp · 2023-12-31− €411
Public transport pass€56 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €56
Utilities, 85 m²€90 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €90
Internet€32 · official · NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet · 2026-09-30− €32
Mobile plan€22 · official · docomo mini 10GB · 2026-09-30− €22
Left over—
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Kagoshima Salary needed to live in Kagoshima

Public employment offices in Kagoshima

MHLW lists 1 public employment office in Kagoshima (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.

Office count verified

Hello Work — Public employment service

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan

Job Search
Search jobs
Open the Japan service overview

The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Hospital beds per 1,000 residents20.79 per 1,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20246Official
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents2,079 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20246Official
Hospitals76 count1 Jun 2026医療情報ネット hospitals facility CSV19Official
Pharmacies351 count1 Jun 2026医療情報ネット pharmacies CSV20Official
Physicians per 1,000 residents4.58 per 1,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20247Official
Physicians per 100,000 residents458.5 per 100,00031 Dec 2024Japan official municipality health statistics 20247Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Kagoshima when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents2,079 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-09-16
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents551 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025令和７年の犯罪情勢 / 令和７年の犯罪情勢 統計表, 図表1-5-218Official · regional context

Mobility and administration

Kagoshima's nearest airport was KOJ, 31 km away and offered 12 direct destinations.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Direct destinations from the nearest major airport12 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights12Official
Destinations from nearest airport21 count2024Unique direct scheduled destination endpoints for the nearest scheduled-service airport in the complete 97-airport MLIT universe; domestic endpoints come from the official 2024 annual route table and international endpoints from the official 2024 summer and winter direct scheduled-flight tables.15Official
Distance to the nearest major airport31 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports13Official
Nearest major airport (IATA code)KOJ3 Aug 2026OurAirports13Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Kagoshima. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Japanese Language Education Program for Foreigners Living in Japan — State Language Course

Agency for Cultural Affairs

For foreigners living in Japan.

JapaneseIn Person, Online
Open official information
Open the full Japan section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Kagoshima.

Find courses near Kagoshima

Climate and air quality

Kagoshima's monthly mean temperatures were 8.7°C in January and 28.1°C in July. Kagoshima's monthly precipitation totalled 78.3 mm in January and 365.1 mm in July. Average monthly sunshine totalled 132.6 hours in January and 185.5 hours in July.

Is the air quality good in Kagoshima?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 9.8 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 9.77 µg/m³ · MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 鹿児島市10
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in JapanAnnual PM2.5 in Kagoshima is 9.8 µg/m³. Of 804 cities with data, 209 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean9.77 µg/m³country median 8.431 Mar 2024MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 鹿児島市10Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 13.1 · Feb 14.6 · Mar 17.5 · Apr 21.8 · May 25.5 · Jun 27.5 · Jul 31.9 · Aug 32.7 · Sep 30.2 · Oct 25.8 · Nov 20.6 · Dec 15.3 °C31 Dec 2020JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) — Kagoshima8Official · parent municipality
Average night-time low by monthJan 4.9 · Feb 5.8 · Mar 8.7 · Apr 12.9 · May 17.3 · Jun 21.3 · Jul 25.3 · Aug 26 · Sep 23.2 · Oct 18 · Nov 12.2 · Dec 6.9 °C31 Dec 2020JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) — Kagoshima8Official · parent municipality
Average temperature by monthJan 8.7 · Feb 9.9 · Mar 12.8 · Apr 17.1 · May 21 · Jun 24 · Jul 28.1 · Aug 28.8 · Sep 26.3 · Oct 21.6 · Nov 16.2 · Dec 10.9 °C31 Dec 2020JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) — Kagoshima8Official · parent municipality
Average precipitation by monthJan 78.3 · Feb 112.7 · Mar 161 · Apr 194.9 · May 205.2 · Jun 570 · Jul 365.1 · Aug 224.3 · Sep 222.9 · Oct 104.6 · Nov 102.5 · Dec 93.2 mm31 Dec 2020JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) — Kagoshima8Official · parent municipality
Average sunshine by monthJan 132.6 · Feb 139.3 · Mar 163.2 · Apr 175.6 · May 178.2 · Jun 109.3 · Jul 185.5 · Aug 206.9 · Sep 176.4 · Oct 184 · Nov 157.7 · Dec 143.2 hours31 Dec 2020JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) — Kagoshima8Official · parent municipality

Population and city profile

The population density of Kagoshima stood at 1,083.2 people per km² at the end of 2020.

How many people live in Kagoshima?

The published population was 587,255 people in January 2026. Source: Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey — Total, 1 January 202614

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area547.8 km²3 Aug 2026国土地理院 (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)21Official
Foreign-resident share0.952 %3 Aug 2026総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民 ÷ 総計)24Official
Foreign residents5,592 people3 Aug 2026総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民)24Official
Population density1,083 people/km²31 Dec 2020総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 第1-1表)23Official
Population587,255 people1 Jan 2026Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey — Total, 1 January 202614Official

International community in Kagoshima

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Citizenship

Persons in the official 2020 Population Census Basic Complete Tabulation on Population and Households; sex-total population by source-native nationality category. · 2020

Published groupPeopleShare
Total593,128100.0%
Japanese563,09694.9%
Nationality not reported27,6004.7%
Foreigner2,4320.4%
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam7650.1%
People's Republic of China6380.1%
Others4270.1%
Republic of Korea1860.0%
Republic of the Philippines1640.0%
United States of America820.0%
Republic of Indonesia730.0%
Show 6 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal290.0%
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland270.0%
Kingdom of Thailand200.0%
Federative Republic of Brazil100.0%
India60.0%
Republic of Peru50.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source4

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median age49.6 years31 Dec 20262026 Resident Basic Register, population by age group by municipality (total residents)2Official

Alternatives for people set on Kagoshima

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Kanoya as a Kagoshima alternative in the same region

37 km away, better on 6 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1.

  • Rent: €4.45/m² Kanoya vs €6.84/m² Kagoshima−35%
  • Foreign residents: 1.5% Kanoya vs 1.0% Kagoshima+59%
  • Empty flats: 19.3% Kanoya vs 15.3% Kagoshima+26%
  • Median gross pay, region: €256 Kanoya vs €289 Kagoshima−11%
  • Unemployment: 3.8% Kanoya vs 4.1% Kagoshima−8%
  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 2,344.1 Kanoya vs 2,078.5 Kagoshima+13%
  • Annual PM2.5: 8.8 µg/m³ Kanoya vs 9.8 µg/m³ Kagoshima−10%
Full comparisonMore about Kanoya

Himeji as a Kagoshima alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 525 km, better on 4 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Foreign residents: 2.9% Himeji vs 1.0% Kagoshima+204%
  • Basic utilities, 85 m²: €141 Himeji vs €90 Kagoshima+57%
  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 1,161.9 Himeji vs 2,078.5 Kagoshima−44%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 840 Himeji vs 551 Kagoshimano percentage
  • Median gross pay, region: €316 Himeji vs €289 Kagoshima+9%
  • Annual PM2.5: 8.4 µg/m³ Himeji vs 9.8 µg/m³ Kagoshima−14%
  • Rent: €6.59/m² Himeji vs €6.84/m² Kagoshima−4%
Full comparisonMore about Himeji

Cities near Kagoshima

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Hioki 15.2 km away
Rent
4.34 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Aira 16.1 km away
Rent
5.42 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Tarumizu 17.9 km away
Rent
3.68 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31

Alternative cities in Japan

Other cities in Japan to compare with Kagoshima, nearest in population first.

All Japan cities
Itabashi-ku584,483 residentsSuginami-ku591,108 residentsChuo-ku (Hamamatsu)607,645 residentsKawaguchi608,515 residentsHachiōji558,755 residentsFunabashi649,393 residents

How does Kagoshima compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Kagoshima's.

Open the full comparison

Put Kagoshima's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Kagoshima?

The published population was 587,255 people in January 2026. Source: Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey — Total, 1 January 2026.

How much does it cost to rent in Kagoshima?

Average net cold rent is about 6.84 EUR/m² per month (2023 Housing and Land Survey), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 479 EUR a month before utilities. Source: www.e-stat.go.jp.

Is the air quality good in Kagoshima?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 9.8 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 鹿児島市.

What is the unemployment rate in Kagoshima?

The unemployment rate is about 4.1 % (October 2020). Source: 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表).

What is the typical salary around Kagoshima?

The median gross salary is 289.2 EUR/month. Source: www.e-stat.go.jp.

Is Kagoshima a good place to live?

Kagoshima may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Kagoshima?

Ijūin, Hioki, Aira, Tarumizu, Kajiki are near Kagoshima. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people are in the Japanese citizenship group in Kagoshima?

The official citizenship distribution records 563,096 people (94.9%) in the source-defined population for 2020. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Kagoshima, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 42eaf40fb126b2b8aa7e8c28ba41851f]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/kagoshima/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_kagoshima-japan-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_798b4b442cd4,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Kagoshima, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {42eaf40fb126b2b8aa7e8c28ba41851f},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/kagoshima/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Kagoshima, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/kagoshima/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 42eaf40fb126b2b8aa7e8c28ba41851f; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2023 Housing and Land Survey, Table 1-2: Housing by occupancy status e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-17
  2. 2026 Resident Basic Register, population by age group by municipality (total residents) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-24
  3. docomo mini 10GB docomo.ne.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  4. e-Stat / Statistics Bureau of Japan 2020 Population Census table 44-1 nationality e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-01
  5. Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling — Japan, prefecture, shi, ku, machi and mura Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling · e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-12
  6. Japan official municipality health statistics 2024 mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-08-13
  7. Japan official municipality health statistics 2024 mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-08-13
  8. JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) — Kagoshima JMA Tables of Climatological Normals (1991-2020) · data.jma.go.jp · checked 2026-07-26
  9. MHLW — Hello Work nationwide location list MHLW · mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  10. MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 — 鹿児島市 MOE Japan Air Pollution Monitoring Report FY2023 · env.go.jp · checked 2026-07-26
Show 22 more sources
  1. NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet flets.com · checked 2026-09-15
  2. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  3. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  4. Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey — Total, 1 January 2026 Resident Register Population, Population Movement and Number of Households Survey · e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-10
  5. Unique direct scheduled destination endpoints for the nearest scheduled-service airport in the complete 97-airport MLIT universe; domestic endpoints come from the official 2024 annual route table and international endpoints from the official 2024 summer and winter direct scheduled-flight tables. mlit.go.jp · checked 2026-07-15
  6. www.e-stat.go.jp e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-27
  7. www.e-stat.go.jp e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-27
  8. 令和７年の犯罪情勢 / 令和７年の犯罪情勢 統計表, 図表1-5-2 npa.go.jp · checked 2026-09-23
  9. 医療情報ネット hospitals facility CSV mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  10. 医療情報ネット pharmacies CSV mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  11. 国土地理院 (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan) gsi.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  12. 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  13. 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 第1-1表) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  14. 総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民) soumu.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  15. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2 Global Cost of Living · kaggle.com · checked 2026-07-27
  19. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q15674 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  20. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q15716 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  21. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q407947 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  22. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q847591 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.