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Living in Venray

In Venray, tenants pay an average rent of €543 a month (2024) and unemployment is 3.5% (2024).

For Venray, car density was 561.3 vehicles per 1,000 residents at the start of 2025. The population of Venray, in the Netherlands, was 45,108 at the start of 2026. The city covered 165 km² in 2026. Population density was 308 people per km² in 2026. The unemployment rate was 3.5% at the end of 2024.

Last checked 2026-09-2435 sources

Population45,108people10 Jun 2026Official source · CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Venray (GM0984)
Average gross salary4,079EUR/month31 Dec 2022Regional figureOfficial source · Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 region - NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O (2022)
Average rent543EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Woonlasten huishoudens; kenmerken huishouden, woning, gemeente (85950NED)
Unemployment rate3.5%country median 3.1% — 13% aboveOfficial source · CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality
Recorded crime4,000offences per 100,000country median 3,090 — 29% aboveOfficial source · CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024
PM2.5, annual mean9µg/m³31 Dec 2024Nearest stationOfficial source · EEA air quality statistics — NL PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg)

Higher unemployment than 77% of Dutch cities that publish it and more recorded crime than 76% of Dutch cities that publish it.

Which Netherlands-wide rules apply when you move to Venray?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in NetherlandsNational rates and thresholds that apply in Venray.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

No city-level rent figure is published for Venray. The available city-level cost figures remain below.

What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
Venray recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€43
Mobile plan, 10 GB€25
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited42.5 EUR/month30 Sept 2026KPN 100 Mbps home internet15Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB25 EUR/month30 Sept 2026KPN 20GB mobile plan16Official · national market
Housing stock19,137 dwellings31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)543 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Woonlasten huishoudens; kenmerken huishouden, woning, gemeente (85950NED)25Official
Rented homes36 pct31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official

Is Venray a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker56%strong on work, weak on safety · range 47–65%
Skilled employee65%strong on work, weak on safety · range 57–73%
Student61%strong on education, weak on work · range 54–68%
Family55%strong on family, weak on cost · range 47–63%
Retirement52%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 41–63%

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Venray?

The unemployment rate is 3.5 % (2024). Source: CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality8

Unemployment across cities in NetherlandsUnemployment in Venray is 3.5%. Of 337 cities with data, 146 have unemployment of 3 to under 3.5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average gross earnings4,079 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 region - NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O (2022)17Official · regional context
Gigabit broadband availability99.51 %2025 Q1Percentage of households in the Dutch municipality with access to a fixed internet connection of at least 1 Gbps (1000 Mbit/s); availability, not subscribed plan, measured speed or FTTH-only coverage.20Official
Median income per year33,400 EUR/year31 Dec 2024CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek4Official
Unemployment rate3.5 %country median 3.1%31 Dec 2024CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality8Official

What does a salary buy in Venray?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

Netherlands median gross pay: €3,667 (2022-12-31).
Left over each month€2,435of €3,045 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€3,045
Rentaverage rent of a whole dwelling · official · Woonlasten huishoudens; kenmerken huishouden, woning, gemeente (85950NED) · 2024-12-31− €543
Internet€43 · official · KPN 100 Mbps home internet · 2026-09-30− €43
Mobile plan€25 · official · KPN 20GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €25
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€2,435
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Venray Salary needed to live in Venray

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Venray. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

UWV public employment service — Public employment service

Uitvoeringsinstituut Werknemersverzekeringen (UWV)

Job Search
Open official service
Open the Netherlands service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Venray. Sources checked through 11 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Primary schools9 count3 Aug 2026DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)10Official
Schools15 count3 Aug 2026DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)10Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 5 to 16, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: extra Dutch-language reception support for recently-arrived immigrant pupils (NT2 reception funding). How to enrol a child (rijksoverheid.nl).

A country-wide rule for Netherlands; Venray's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Safety

How safe is Venray?

Police recorded 4,000 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

  • Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 4,000 offences per 100,000 · CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 20249
Recorded crime across major citiesVenray highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Venray highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Amsterdam8,970
Rotterdam8,200
Eindhoven7,990
The Hague6,890
Utrecht6,800
Nijmegen6,280
Groningen6,160
Breda5,870
Tilburg5,560
Almere4,280
Almere Stad4,278
Venray4,000
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents4,000 offences per 100,000country median 3,09031 Dec 2024CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 20249Official

Mobility and administration

The nearest airport was NRN, 14.3 km away, with 38 listed destinations in June 2026. Gigabit broadband availability was 99.5% in Q1 2025.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport38 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat18Official
Nearest airportNRN13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv19Official
Distance to nearest airport14.3 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv19Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Venray. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Blik op Werk integration-provider quality register — Other

Blik op Werk

For integration-course applicants.

DutchIn Person, Online
Open official information

DUO choosing an integration course — State Language Course

Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs (DUO)

For people who must integrate.

DutchIn Person
Open official information
Open the full Netherlands section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Venray.

Find courses near Venray

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Venray?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 9 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — NL PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg)13

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in NetherlandsAnnual PM2.5 in Venray is 9.0 µg/m³. Of 50 cities with data, 19 have annual PM2.5 of 9 to under 10 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean10 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — NL NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg)11Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean15 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — NL PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg)12Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean9 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — NL PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg)13Official · nearest-station reading
Average daytime high by monthJan 5.9 · Feb 7.1 · Mar 11.1 · Apr 15.7 · May 19.6 · Jun 22.5 · Jul 24.6 · Aug 24.1 · Sep 20.2 · Oct 15 · Nov 9.7 · Dec 6.3 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station ArcenAws_06391.csv23Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 0.4 · Feb 0.4 · Mar 2.1 · Apr 4.4 · May 8.1 · Jun 10.9 · Jul 13.1 · Aug 12.6 · Sep 9.9 · Oct 6.9 · Nov 3.6 · Dec 1.3 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station ArcenAws_06391.csv23Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 3.2 · Feb 3.7 · Mar 6.5 · Apr 10.2 · May 14 · Jun 16.8 · Jul 18.8 · Aug 18.2 · Sep 14.8 · Oct 10.8 · Nov 6.8 · Dec 3.9 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station ArcenAws_06391.csv23Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 64 · Feb 58.2 · Mar 52.7 · Apr 40.4 · May 57.6 · Jun 64.1 · Jul 70.6 · Aug 73.4 · Sep 59.4 · Oct 61.8 · Nov 64.8 · Dec 72.2 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station Volkel_06375.csv24Official · nearest-station reading

Population and city profile

How many people live in Venray?

The published population was 45,108 people in January 2026. Source: CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Venray (GM0984)6

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Addresses per km²1,039 addresses/km²27 Aug 2026CBS2Official
Area146.4 km²10 Jun 2026Wikidata (P2046)35Independent · gemeente
Cars per 1,000 residents561.3 cars/1000 residents1 Jan 2025CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population.7Official
City area165 km²28 Jan 2026Kadaster BRK Bestuurlijke Gebieden, current municipality boundary polygon in EPSG:28992; area is the polygon area converted from m² to km².14Official
Foreign residents10,874 people1 Jan 2025CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population.7Official
Population density308 people/km²10 Jun 2026CBS2Official · gemeente
Population45,108 people10 Jun 2026CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Venray (GM0984)6Official

International community in Venray

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Population registered in Dutch municipalities; CBS population on 1 January · 2026-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Born in the Netherlands38,07184.4%
Born outside the Netherlands7,03715.6%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source22

Citizenship

Residents in the Dutch population register; 1 January · 2025-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Totaal44,807100.0%
Nederlands40,90591.3%
Totaal niet-Nederlandse nationaliteit3,9028.7%
Europa (exclusief Nederlands)3,1307.0%
Europese Unie (exclusief Nederlands)2,7336.1%
Midden- en Oost-Europese nat. in de EU2,2555.0%
Pools1,7784.0%
Buiten-Europa7381.6%
Azië5461.2%
Azië (exclusief Indonesisch en Turks)3810.9%
Show 54 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Oekraïens3180.7%
GIPS-Nationaliteiten in de EU2120.5%
Syrisch2000.4%
Burger van Bondsrepubliek Duitsland1890.4%
Roemeens1570.4%
Turks1450.3%
Afrika1400.3%
Afrika (exclusief Marokkaans)1020.2%
Portugees1010.2%
Hongaars770.2%
Bulgaars730.2%
Spaans500.1%
Amerika470.1%
Slowaaks470.1%
Brits460.1%
Litouws460.1%
Italiaans450.1%
Amerika en Oceanië (exclusief Surinaams)450.1%
Belgisch440.1%
Chinees440.1%
Marokkaans380.1%
Iraaks350.1%
Staatloos / onbekend340.1%
Lets320.1%
Kroatisch250.1%
Indonesisch200.0%
Afghaans190.0%
Tsjechisch180.0%
Frans160.0%
Grieks160.0%
Somalisch160.0%
Iraans150.0%
Zuid-Afrikaans150.0%
Jemenitisch130.0%
Pakistaans130.0%
Amerikaans120.0%
Braziliaans100.0%
Eritrees100.0%
Nigeriaans90.0%
Filippijns80.0%
Ghanees80.0%
Russisch80.0%
Zweeds80.0%
Surinaams70.0%
Indiaas60.0%
Oceanië50.0%
Canadees50.0%
Thais50.0%
Egyptisch40.0%
Iers40.0%
Vietnamees40.0%
Oostenrijks30.0%
Colombiaans20.0%
Japans10.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source21

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average download speed, 2024250 Mbps27 Aug 2026ACM1Official
Average assessed property value (WOZ)240 kEUR31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official
Jobs25,200 jobs31 Dec 2024CBS — Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek5Official
5G network availabletrue27 Aug 2026ACM1Official
Average fibre-to-the-premises coverage95 %27 Aug 2026ACM1Official
Owner-occupied homes64 pct31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official
Universities0 count3 Aug 2026DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)10Official

Alternatives for people set on Venray

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Hollands Kroon as a Venray alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 170 km, better on 3 of 5 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1.

  • Nearest airport: 63.4 km Hollands Kroon vs 14.3 km Venray+343%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 2,400 Hollands Kroon vs 4,000 Venray−40%
  • Unemployment: 2.9% Hollands Kroon vs 3.5% Venray−17%
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.0 µg/m³ Hollands Kroon vs 9.0 µg/m³ Venray−22%
  • Residents: 50,592 Hollands Kroon vs 45,108 Venray+12%
Full comparisonMore about Hollands Kroon

Cities near Venray

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Alternative cities in Netherlands

Other cities in Netherlands to compare with Venray, nearest in population first.

All Netherlands cities
Eemsdelta44,846 residentsHorst aan de Maas44,821 residentsZwijndrecht44,819 residentsDronten45,443 residentsZevenaar45,570 residentsMolenlanden45,625 residents

How does Venray compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Venray's.

Open the full comparison

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Venray under the national coverage rules.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Put Venray's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Venray?

The published population was 45,108 people in January 2026. Source: CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Venray (GM0984).

Is the air quality good in Venray?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 9 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — NL PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg).

How safe is Venray?

Police recorded 4,000 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024.

What is the unemployment rate in Venray?

The unemployment rate is 3.5 % (2024). Source: CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality.

How many foreign residents live in Venray?

10,874 residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population..

Is Venray a good place to live?

Venray may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Venray?

Bergen (L.), Horst, Nieuw-Bergen, Sevenum, Horst aan de Maas are near Venray. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Born in the Netherlands live in Venray?

The official country of birth distribution records 38,071 people (84.4%) in the source-defined population for 2026-01-01. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Venray, Netherlands: population, rent, salary, jobs, safety [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 7c7f70445ae02211d6dd2b4b186a065f]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/nl/venray/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_venray-netherlands-population-rent-salary-jobs-safety_d1774030db97,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Venray, Netherlands: population, rent, salary, jobs, safety},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {7c7f70445ae02211d6dd2b4b186a065f},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/nl/venray/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Venray, Netherlands: population, rent, salary, jobs, safety](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/nl/venray/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 7c7f70445ae02211d6dd2b4b186a065f; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. ACM acm.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  2. CBS opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  3. CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-11
  4. CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  5. CBS — Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek CBS · opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  6. CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Venray (GM0984) CBS · opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-08-14
  7. CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population. opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-07-15
  8. CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality CBS labour market in figures 2024 · longreads.cbs.nl · checked 2026-07-26
  9. CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024 CBS StatLine 83648NED · opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-07-26
  10. DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs) duo.nl · checked 2026-08-03
Show 25 more sources
  1. EEA air quality statistics — NL NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  2. EEA air quality statistics — NL PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  3. EEA air quality statistics — NL PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Vredepeel-Vredeweg) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  4. Kadaster BRK Bestuurlijke Gebieden, current municipality boundary polygon in EPSG:28992; area is the polygon area converted from m² to km². api.pdok.nl · checked 2026-07-15
  5. KPN 100 Mbps home internet kpn.com · checked 2026-09-15
  6. KPN 20GB mobile plan kpn.com · checked 2026-09-15
  7. Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 region - NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O (2022) ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-23
  8. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  9. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  10. Percentage of households in the Dutch municipality with access to a fixed internet connection of at least 1 Gbps (1000 Mbit/s); availability, not subscribed plan, measured speed or FTTH-only coverage. services.arcgis.com · checked 2026-07-15
  11. Statistics Netherlands (CBS) citizenship distribution opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-08-28
  12. Statistics Netherlands (CBS) country of birth opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-08-29
  13. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station ArcenAws_06391.csv WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  14. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station Volkel_06375.csv WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  15. Woonlasten huishoudens; kenmerken huishouden, woning, gemeente (85950NED) cbs.nl · checked 2026-09-24
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  25. Wikidata (P2046) wikidata.org · checked 2026-07-14

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.