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Living in Columbus

In Columbus (Georgia), the median gross salary is €2,942 a month (2024) and unemployment is 4.1% (2024).

There were 24 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2026. Columbus is in the United States; its population was 203,711 in July 2026. For Columbus, 50.5% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing in July 2026.

Last checked 2026-09-1933 sources

Population202,171people31 Dec 2025Official source · U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program
Median gross salary2,942EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings), place records
Median rent972.1EUR/month31 Dec 2024Independent source · Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables
Unemployment rate4.06%country median 4.6% — 11% belowOfficial source · BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS), monthly not-seasonally-adjusted series, 2024
Recorded crime2,839offences per 100,000country median 1,586 — 79% aboveOfficial source · FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting
PM2.5, annual mean9µg/m³country median 7.0 — 28% aboveOfficial source · EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024

More recorded crime than 80% of American cities that publish it and dirtier air than 88% of American cities that publish it.

Which United States-wide rules apply when you move to Columbus?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in United StatesNational rates and thresholds that apply in Columbus.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

Median gross rent was US$1,106 per month, while the median home value was US$193,900 in July 2026. Owner occupation was 50.8%, and the vacancy rate was 11.5% in July 2026.

What recurs every month5 published recurring costs, € per month
Columbus recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€853
Utilities, 85 m² flat€147
Internet, 60 Mbps€57
Mobile plan, 10 GB€35
Fitness club€22

Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fitness club membership, monthly22.2 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553)33Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited56.6 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553)33Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Private kindergarten, monthly853 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553)33Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB35.12 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553)33Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home146.9 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553)33Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Median gross rent$1,106/month4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Households spending over 30% of income on rent50.49 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Housing vacancy rate (legacy series)11.54 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)1,099 EUR/month31 Dec 2020ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent)3Official
Median monthly rent972.1 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables29Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Recorded property crimes3,765 offenses/year31 Dec 2025FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)15Official

Is Columbus a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker39%strong on work, weak on safety · range 31–47%
Skilled employee49%strong on work, weak on safety · range 41–57%
Student42%strong on education, weak on work · range 33–51%
Family44%strong on family, weak on cost · range 36–52%
Retirement41%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 32–50%

Worked out from these numbers

How international is the population?

5.1% of residents hold a foreign nationality — 10,399 of 202,171 people. This counts nationality, not place of birth, so long-settled residents who naturalised are not in it.

Work and income

Median household income was US$58,073 a year in July 2026.

Unemployment across cities in United StatesUnemployment in Columbus is 4.1%. Of 2,153 cities with data, 1,250 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median household income58,073 USD/year4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with cable, fibre or DSL broadband72.08 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with a broadband subscription89.23 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with internet but no subscription2.94 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households without internet7.63 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with satellite internet4.89 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Median gross salary2,942 EUR/month31 Dec 2024ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings), place records4Official
Unemployment rate4.06 %country median 4.6%31 Dec 2024BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS), monthly not-seasonally-adjusted series, 20247Official

What does a salary buy in Columbus?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

Columbus median gross pay: €2,942 (ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings), place records, 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,001of €2,339 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.€2,339
Rentaverage rent of a whole dwelling · official · ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) · 2020-12-31− €1,099
Public transport passnot published for this city—
Utilities, 85 m²€147 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553) · 2025-12-31− €147
Internet€57 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553) · 2025-12-31− €57
Mobile plan€35 · market price · Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553) · 2025-12-31− €35
Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish€1,001
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Columbus Salary needed to live in Columbus

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Columbus. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

American Job Centers — Public employment service

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration

Job Search
Open official service
Open the United States service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Columbus. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Residents with high school education or higher89.51 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Schools53 schools30 Jun 2026NCES CCD public school count18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · school district
School enrolment, share of residents26.07 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Mental health provider ratio0 ratio30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio17Official
Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents24 per 100,000 people30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio17Official
Preventable hospitalizations2,116 per 100,000 people30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio17Official
GP practices307 count13 Sept 2026NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 202621Official
Hospitals23 count30 Sept 2026CMS Hospital General Information11Official
Pharmacies58 count13 Sept 2026NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 202621Official
Physicians per 100,000 residents373 per 100,00013 Sept 2026NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 202621Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Columbus when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

Recorded crime across major citiesColumbus highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Columbus highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Philadelphia5,457
Houston5,442
San Antonio5,218
Chicago4,012
Dallas4,010
Austin3,709
Fort Worth3,158
Phoenix3,125
Columbus3,088
New York City3,039
Los Angeles2,212
San Diego2,082
MetricValuePeriodSource
Burglaries per 100,000 residents356.1 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024US-FBI-CDE-GA1060100-202427Official
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents2,839 offences per 100,000country median 1,58631 Dec 2024FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting16Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents612.3 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024US-FBI-CDE-GA1060100-202428Official
Recorded violent crimes730 offenses/year31 Dec 2025FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)15Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average commute time20.89 minutes4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers commuting by bicycle0.3 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers commuting by public transport0.87 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers walking to work1.74 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Destinations from nearest airport1 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights22Official
Nearest airportCSG3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official
Distance to nearest airport8 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Columbus. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Adult Education and English Language Acquisition (AEFLA) — State Language Course

U.S. Department of Education

For adult learners, adult English-language learners.

EnglishIn Person, Online, HybridCost varies
Open official information

USCIS English and citizenship class finder — Civic Orientation

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

For immigrants, future citizens.

EnglishIn Person, OnlineCost varies
Open official information
Open the full United States section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Columbus.

Find courses near Columbus

Climate and air quality

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in United StatesAnnual PM2.5 in Columbus is 9.0 µg/m³. Of 968 cities with data, 261 have annual PM2.5 of 6 to under 7 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean9 µg/m³country median 7.031 Dec 2024EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 202413Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 14.17 · Feb 16.61 · Mar 20.44 · Apr 24.78 · May 28.5 · Jun 31.67 · Jul 33.22 · Aug 32.44 · Sep 29.94 · Oct 25.28 · Nov 19.78 · Dec 15.44 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202020Official
Average night-time low by monthJan 0.72 · Feb 2.11 · Mar 5.83 · Apr 9.5 · May 14.83 · Jun 19.61 · Jul 21.17 · Aug 20.89 · Sep 17.78 · Oct 11.44 · Nov 5 · Dec 2.39 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202020Official
Average temperature by monthJan 7.44 · Feb 9.33 · Mar 13.17 · Apr 17.17 · May 21.67 · Jun 25.61 · Jul 27.17 · Aug 26.67 · Sep 23.83 · Oct 18.33 · Nov 12.39 · Dec 8.89 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202020Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 115.1 · Feb 123.2 · Mar 133.1 · Apr 107.4 · May 87.63 · Jun 113.8 · Jul 117.4 · Aug 110.7 · Sep 89.15 · Oct 79.25 · Nov 106.9 · Dec 131.1 mm1991–2020NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-202020Official
PM2.5, highest monitored reading59.5 µg/m³1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
PM2.5, annual mean10.2 µg/m³1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
PM2.5 monitoring sites9 monitors1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean12Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
Annual precipitation1,128 mm30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals19Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Maximum July temperature27.92 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals19Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Average annual temperature18.91 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals19Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Minimum January temperature11.23 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals19Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation

Population and city profile

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Foreign-resident share5.1 %31 Dec 2020ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records1Official
Foreign residents10,399 people31 Dec 2020ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records1Official
Transit service area population230,208 people4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Population density360.5 people/km²31 Dec 2025Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau10Official
Population202,171 people31 Dec 2025U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program26Official
Population covered by crime statistics200,622 people31 Dec 2025FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip)15Official

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median home value193,900 USD4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Owner-occupied homes50.84 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Labour force participation rate60.78 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Residents born abroad5.1 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Naturalized citizens, share of residents2.9 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Non-citizens, share of residents2.2 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Flu vaccination coverage58.86 %30 Jun 2026CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage8Official
Mammography screening coverage76.8 %30 Jun 2026CDC mammography screening rate9Official
Residents without health insurance11.1 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Residents with a bachelor's degree or higher30.48 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Crime reporting agencies1 agencies30 Jun 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics14Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · agency service area
Households with a vehicle available89.12 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Public transport agencies in the National Transit Database1 agencies4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Transit passenger trips, 2022589,081 trips4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Transit vehicles in peak service, 202221 vehicles4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers aged 16 and over88,531 workers4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers mainly working from home12.05 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households using cellular data plans82.69 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official

Alternatives for people set on Columbus

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Auburn as a Columbus alternative in the same region

52 km away, better on 3 of 5 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Median gross pay, city and foreign residents cannot be compared like for like.

  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 1,086 Auburn vs 2,839 Columbus−62%
  • Annual PM2.5: 5.1 µg/m³ Auburn vs 9.0 µg/m³ Columbus−43%
  • Median gross pay, city: €2,348 Auburn vs €2,942 Columbusno percentage
  • Residents: 85,113 Auburn vs 202,171 Columbus−58%
  • Nearest airport: 4.0 km Auburn vs 8.0 km Columbus−50%
  • Foreign residents: 8.0% Auburn vs 5.1% Columbusno percentage
  • Basic utilities, 85 m²: €157 Auburn vs €147 Columbus+7%
Full comparisonMore about Auburn

Overland Park as a Columbus alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 1133 km, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Median gross pay, city: €4,723 Overland Park vs €2,942 Columbus+61%
  • Foreign residents: 11.7% Overland Park vs 5.1% Columbus+130%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 1,946 Overland Park vs 2,839 Columbus−31%
  • Nearest airport: 16.0 km Overland Park vs 8.0 km Columbus+100%
  • Basic utilities, 85 m²: €202 Overland Park vs €147 Columbus+37%
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.6 µg/m³ Overland Park vs 9.0 µg/m³ Columbus−15%
  • Residents: 203,677 Overland Park vs 202,171 Columbus+1%
Full comparisonMore about Overland Park

Cities near Columbus

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Alternative cities in United States

Other cities in United States to compare with Columbus, nearest in population first.

All United States cities
Knoxville202,021 residentsGrand Rapids201,183 residentsPeoria200,881 residentsMobile200,824 residentsOverland Park203,677 residentsVancouver199,698 residents

How does Columbus compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Columbus's.

Open the full comparison

Put Columbus's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

What is the unemployment rate in Columbus?

The unemployment rate is 4.06 %. Source: BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS), monthly not-seasonally-adjusted series, 2024.

Is the air quality good in Columbus?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 9 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. Source: EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024.

How safe is Columbus?

Police recorded 2,839 offences per 100,000. This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting.

How many people live in Columbus?

The published population is 202,171 people. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program.

How many foreign residents live in Columbus?

10,399 residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records.

Is Columbus a good place to live?

Columbus may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Columbus?

Phenix City, Cusseta-Chattahoochee County unified government, Smiths Station are near Columbus. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Columbus (Georgia), United States: population, rent, salary [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 09fc01fbb3e71a4792cb7b82ef22462d]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbus-ga/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_columbus-georgia-united-states-population-rent-salary_5ae8c0bba412,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Columbus (Georgia), United States: population, rent, salary},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {09fc01fbb3e71a4792cb7b82ef22462d},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbus-ga/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Columbus (Georgia), United States: population, rent, salary](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/columbus-ga/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 09fc01fbb3e71a4792cb7b82ef22462d; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B05002 (Place of Birth by Nativity and Citizenship Status), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
  2. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  3. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  4. ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
  5. ACS median gross rent api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
  6. ACS total population api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
  7. BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS), monthly not-seasonally-adjusted series, 2024 api.bls.gov · checked 2026-09-18
  8. CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  9. CDC mammography screening rate data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  10. Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
Show 23 more sources
  1. CMS Hospital General Information data.cms.gov · checked 2026-09-15
  2. EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-01
  3. EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024 aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-26
  4. FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  5. FBI CIUS Table 8 by City 2025 (CDE offenses-known-to-le-2025.zip) cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-05
  6. FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-08-04
  7. HRSA mental health provider ratio data.hrsa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  8. NCES CCD public school count nces.ed.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  9. NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  10. NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020 ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-26
  11. NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 — September 2026 NPPES Data Dissemination V.2 · download.cms.gov · checked 2026-09-18
  12. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  13. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  14. TIGERweb ACS2023 — Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas (CBSA, January 1 2023) TIGERweb ACS2023 · tigerweb.geo.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  15. U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb Places (layer 4 incorporated places, layer 5 CDPs; identical query) tigerweb.geo.census.gov · checked 2026-09-11
  16. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program www2.census.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  17. US-FBI-CDE-GA1060100-2024 cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-15
  18. US-FBI-CDE-GA1060100-2024 cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-09-15
  19. Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-26
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Numbeo - Cost of Living in Columbus (Wayback Machine capture 20251206213553) numbeo.com · checked 2026-07-31

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.