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Living in Miami Lakes

The city had 543 schools in 2026. Miami Lakes is in the United States; its population was 31,553 in July 2026. In July 2026, 45% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing. There were 13,781 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2026.

Last checked 2026-10-0736 sources

Population33,067people31 Dec 2025Official source · U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program
Median gross salary3,717EUR/month31 Dec 2024Community source · Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS)
Median rent1,863EUR/month31 Dec 2024Independent source · Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables
Unemployment rate3.14%31 Dec 2024Independent source · Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables
Recorded crime826.7incidents per 100,000country median 1,586 — 48% belowOfficial source · Crime in the United States 2025, Table 8: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City
PM2.5, annual mean8.33µg/m³country median 7.0 — 19% aboveOfficial source · EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024

Less recorded crime than 78% of American cities that publish it and dirtier air than 80% of American cities that publish it.

Which United States-wide rules apply when you move to Miami Lakes?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Housing and cost

Median gross rent was US$2,120 per month, while the median home value was US$626,400 in July 2026. Owner occupation was 59.8%, and the vacancy rate was 2.77% in July 2026.

What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
Miami Lakes recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€60
Mobile plan, 10 GB€22
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited60.38 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Verizon 300 Mbps home internet24Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB21.57 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Visible unlimited mobile plan25Official · national market
Median gross rent$2,120/month4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Households spending over 30% of income on rent44.97 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Housing vacancy rate (legacy series)2.77 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Property crime per 100,000 residents1,880 per 100,000 people1 Jul 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics15Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)2,023 EUR/month31 Dec 2020ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent)3Official
Median monthly rent1,863 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables29Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context

Is Miami Lakes a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker46%strong on work, weak on legal route · range 38–54%
Skilled employee54%strong on work, weak on safety · range 45–63%
Student47%strong on education, weak on work · range 37–57%
Family63%strong on family, weak on cost · range 54–72%
Retirement46%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 36–56%

Worked out from these numbers

How international is the population?

46% of residents hold a foreign nationality — 15,199 of 33,067 people. This counts nationality, not place of birth, so long-settled residents who naturalised are not in it.

Uses a supplemental estimate, so treat it as indicative.

Work and income

Median household income was US$101,557 a year in July 2026.

Unemployment across cities in United StatesUnemployment in Miami Lakes is 3.1%. Of 2,153 cities with data, 1,250 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median household income101,557 USD/year4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with cable, fibre or DSL broadband89.43 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with a broadband subscription96.62 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with internet but no subscription1.36 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households without internet1.95 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households with satellite internet7.41 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Median gross salary3,717 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS)28Community estimate · Supplemental context
Median gross salary (regional)3,594 EUR/month31 Dec 2025www.bls.gov27Official
Unemployment rate3.14 %31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables29Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context

What does a salary buy in Miami Lakes?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €3,594 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2025-12-31).
Left over each month€712of €2,818 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.€2,818
Rentaverage rent of a whole dwelling · official · ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) · 2020-12-31− €2,023
Internet€60 · official · Verizon 300 Mbps home internet · 2026-09-30− €60
Mobile plan€22 · official · Visible unlimited mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €22
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€712
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Miami Lakes Salary needed to live in Miami Lakes

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Miami Lakes. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

American Job Centers — Public employment service

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration

Job Search

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Miami Lakes. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Residents with high school education or higher92.94 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Schools543 schools30 Jun 2026NCES CCD public school count17Official
School enrolment, share of residents26.06 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Mental health provider ratio464 ratio30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio16Official
Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents13,781 per 100,000 people30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio16Official
Preventable hospitalizations3,988 per 100,000 people30 Jun 2026HRSA mental health provider ratio16Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Miami Lakes when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

Recorded crime across major citiesMiami Lakes highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Miami Lakes highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Philadelphia5,457
Houston5,442
San Antonio5,218
Chicago4,012
Dallas4,010
Austin3,709
Fort Worth3,158
Phoenix3,125
New York City3,039
Los Angeles2,212
San Diego2,082
Miami Lakes827
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents826.7 incidents per 100,000country median 1,58631 Dec 2025Crime in the United States 2025, Table 8: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City11Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents103.4 per 100,000 people1 Jul 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics15Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average commute time32.9 minutes4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers commuting by bicycle0 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers commuting by public transport1.16 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers walking to work0.85 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Nearest airportOPF3 Aug 2026OurAirports21Official
Distance to nearest airport3 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports21Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Miami Lakes. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Adult Education and English Language Acquisition (AEFLA) — State Language Course

U.S. Department of Education

For adult learners, adult English-language learners.

EnglishIn Person, Online, HybridCost varies

USCIS English and citizenship class finder — Civic Orientation

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

For immigrants, future citizens.

EnglishIn Person, OnlineCost varies
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Miami Lakes.

Find courses near Miami Lakes

Climate and air quality

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in United StatesAnnual PM2.5 in Miami Lakes is 8.3 µg/m³. Of 968 cities with data, 261 have annual PM2.5 of 6 to under 7 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean8.33 µg/m³country median 7.031 Dec 2024EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 202414Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 24.28 · Feb 25.39 · Mar 26.56 · Apr 28.44 · May 30.06 · Jun 31.33 · Jul 32.17 · Aug 32.28 · Sep 31.39 · Oct 29.78 · Nov 27.17 · Dec 25.33 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USC00083909 (HIALEAH)19Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 15.06 · Feb 16.61 · Mar 18.06 · Apr 20.28 · May 22.33 · Jun 24.17 · Jul 24.83 · Aug 24.94 · Sep 24.33 · Oct 22.67 · Nov 19.33 · Dec 17.17 °C1991–2020NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USC00083909 (HIALEAH)19Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 20.3 · Feb 21.5 · Mar 22.8 · Apr 24.8 · May 26.7 · Jun 28.2 · Jul 28.9 · Aug 29 · Sep 28.3 · Oct 26.7 · Nov 23.8 · Dec 21.8 °C31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI26Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 46.48 · Feb 54.61 · Mar 62.48 · Apr 85.34 · May 160.5 · Jun 267 · Jul 186.9 · Aug 243.3 · Sep 259.6 · Oct 194.3 · Nov 89.66 · Dec 61.98 mm1991–2020NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00012839 (MIAMI INTL AP)20Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5, highest monitored reading62.5 µg/m³1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean13Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
PM2.5, annual mean7.44 µg/m³1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean13Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
PM2.5 monitoring sites6 monitors1 Jul 2026EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean13Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · county
Annual precipitation1,934 mm30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Maximum July temperature29.72 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Average annual temperature25.76 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation
Minimum January temperature21.41 °C30 Jun 2026NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals18Official source, approximated value · Supplemental context · station observation

Similar climate. In United States: Houston ±3.5 °C. Elsewhere: Ginowan (Japan) ±1.9 °C, Okinawa (Japan) ±1.9 °C, Urasoe (Japan) ±1.9 °C, Matsusaka (Japan) ±8.2 °C, Suzuka (Japan) ±8.2 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

Foreign residents and their share come from different publications that count different groups (for example citizens of another country, or people born abroad, or of foreign origin), so 15,199 is not 11.7% of the population. Each row names its source.

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Foreign-resident share11.67 %31 Dec 2020Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS)9Official
Foreign residents15,199 people31 Dec 2024Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables29Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Population density2,257 people/km²31 Dec 2025Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau10Official
Population33,067 people31 Dec 2025U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program23Official

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median home value626,400 USD4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Owner-occupied homes59.84 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Labour force participation rate70.51 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Residents born abroad48.17 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Naturalized citizens, share of residents36.5 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Non-citizens, share of residents11.67 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Flu vaccination coverage55.7 %30 Jun 2026CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage7Official
Mammography screening coverage77.9 %30 Jun 2026CDC mammography screening rate8Official
Residents without health insurance8.69 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Residents with a bachelor's degree or higher43.74 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Crime reporting agencies1 agencies1 Jul 2026FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics15Official
Households with a vehicle available96.54 %4 Jul 2026ACS median gross rent5Official
Public transport agencies in the National Transit Database0 agencies4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers aged 16 and over17,513 workers4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Workers mainly working from home11.29 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official
Households using cellular data plans90.81 %4 Jul 2026ACS total population6Official

Alternatives for people set on Miami Lakes

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Weston as a Miami Lakes alternative in the same region

23 km away, better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Nearest airport: 19.0 km Weston vs 3.0 km Miami Lakes+533%
  • Foreign residents: 25.8% Weston vs 11.7% Miami Lakes+121%
  • Residents: 69,588 Weston vs 33,067 Miami Lakes+110%
  • Unemployment: 3.9% Weston vs 3.1% Miami Lakes+24%
  • Median gross pay, city: €4,310 Weston vs €3,717 Miami Lakes+16%
  • Annual PM2.5: 5.3 µg/m³ Weston vs 8.3 µg/m³ Miami Lakes−37%
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,594 Weston vs €3,594 Miami Lakessame level

Holly Springs as a Miami Lakes alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 1093 km, better on 2 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 3. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Nearest airport: 26.0 km Holly Springs vs 3.0 km Miami Lakes+767%
  • Median gross pay, city: €5,042 Holly Springs vs €3,717 Miami Lakes+36%
  • Foreign residents: 4.9% Holly Springs vs 11.7% Miami Lakes−58%
  • Residents: 50,288 Holly Springs vs 33,067 Miami Lakes+52%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 1,110 (2023) Holly Springs vs 827 (2025) Miami Lakesno percentage
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,842 Holly Springs vs €3,594 Miami Lakes+7%
  • Unemployment: 3.4% Holly Springs vs 3.1% Miami Lakes+8%

Cities near Miami Lakes

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Palm Springs North 2.5 km away
Rent
2,642 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
Salary
3,166 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31
Country Club 3.1 km away
Rent
1,754 EUR/monthMedian monthly rent · 2020-12-31
Salary
3,096 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2020-12-31
Hialeah 6.4 km away
Salary
2,537 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2024-12-31
Miami Gardens 8.3 km away
Salary
2,795 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2024-12-31
Miramar 8.3 km away
Salary
3,502 EUR/monthMedian gross salary · 2024-12-31

Alternative cities in United States

Other cities in United States to compare with Miami Lakes, nearest in population first.

All United States cities

How does Miami Lakes compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Miami Lakes's.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

What is the typical salary around Miami Lakes?

The median gross salary is 3,594 EUR/month. Source: www.bls.gov.

What is the unemployment rate in Miami Lakes?

The unemployment rate is 3.14 %. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.

Is the air quality good in Miami Lakes?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 8.33 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. Source: EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024.

How safe is Miami Lakes?

Police recorded 826.7 incidents per 100,000. This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Crime in the United States 2025, Table 8: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City.

How many people live in Miami Lakes?

The published population is 33,067 people. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program.

How many foreign residents live in Miami Lakes?

15,199 residents hold a foreign nationality. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables.

Is Miami Lakes a good place to live?

Miami Lakes may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Miami Lakes?

Palm Springs North, Country Club, Hialeah Gardens, Hialeah, Opa-locka are near Miami Lakes. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Miami Lakes, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 4542808a1a7f40b486099a21b9aca2a9]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/miami-lakes/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_miami-lakes-united-states-population-rent-salary-jobs_6b55bcb1b940,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Miami Lakes, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {4542808a1a7f40b486099a21b9aca2a9},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/miami-lakes/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Miami Lakes, United States: population, rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/us/miami-lakes/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 4542808a1a7f40b486099a21b9aca2a9; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2024 American Community Survey 5-year detailed tables api.census.gov · checked 2026-10-04
  2. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, table B25064 (Median Gross Rent), place records www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-18
  3. ACS 2020-2024 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B25065 (Aggregate Gross Rent) and B25063 (Gross Rent, units with cash rent) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  4. ACS 2024 1-year table-based Summary File, table B20002 (Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings) www2.census.gov · checked 2026-09-19
  5. ACS median gross rent api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
  6. ACS total population api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-04
  7. CDC BRFSS flu vaccination coverage data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  8. CDC mammography screening rate data.cdc.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  9. Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
  10. Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-08-03
Show 26 more sources
  1. Crime in the United States 2025, Table 8: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-10-04
  2. download.geonames.org recorded crime data download.geonames.org · checked 2026-08-28
  3. EPA AirData PM2.5 annual mean aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-01
  4. EPA AQS annual PM2.5 monitor data 2024 aqs.epa.gov · checked 2026-07-26
  5. FBI CDE/UCR crime statistics cde.ucr.cjis.gov · checked 2026-07-01
  6. HRSA mental health provider ratio data.hrsa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  7. NCES CCD public school count nces.ed.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  8. NOAA GHCN-Daily climate normals ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-06-30
  9. NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USC00083909 (HIALEAH) NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  10. NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 — station USW00012839 (MIAMI INTL AP) NOAA U.S. Monthly Climate Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  11. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  12. U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb Places (layer 4 incorporated places, layer 5 CDPs; identical query) tigerweb.geo.census.gov · checked 2026-09-11
  13. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program www2.census.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  14. Verizon 300 Mbps home internet verizon.com · checked 2026-09-15
  15. Visible unlimited mobile plan visible.com · checked 2026-09-15
  16. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  17. www.bls.gov bls.gov · checked 2026-08-27
  18. Census Reporter ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B20002 (underlying U.S. Census Bureau ACS) api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-09-11
  19. Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables api.censusreporter.org · checked 2026-07-26
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  25. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  26. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.