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Cities meeting the WHO PM2.5 annual guideline

Queens, United States has the lowest pm2.5 — annual mean of the 30 cities compared: 1.74 µg/m³ (US EPA Air Quality System (AQS), 2024-12-31).

JSON Markdown

Published cities whose annual PM2.5 mean is at or below the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³. Values come from official measurement networks with the observation date retained.

Items compared
30
Countries represented
11
Last checked
2026-08-26

Source-backed answers

Compare each answer with its unit and checked date; the complete source ledger is below.

Showing all 30 rows

Original rankCity or placePublished valueSource and scope
1Queens, United States1.74 µg/m³2026-08-06
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
2Makakilo City, United States1.87 µg/m³2026-08-06
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
3Halifax, Canada1.9 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
4Sibiu, Romania1.9 µg/m³2026-08-26
Source Scope: city · Period: 2022-12-31
5Campbell River, Canada1.92 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
6Laramie, United States1.92 µg/m³2026-07-29
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
7Charlottetown, Canada2.08 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
8Mountain View, United States2.1 µg/m³2026-07-29
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
9Langford, Canada2.38 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
10Saanich, Canada2.38 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
11Hilo, United States2.66 µg/m³2026-08-05
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
12Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal2.89 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
13Faro, Portugal2.91 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
14Raahe, Finland2.98 µg/m³2026-08-26
Source Scope: city · Period: 2017-12-31
15Albufeira, Portugal3 µg/m³2026-08-03
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
16Bad Krozingen, Germany3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
17Bastogne, Belgium3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
18Benidorm, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-03
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
19Bodø, Norway3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
20Campello, el, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
21Carbonia, Italy3 µg/m³2026-08-03
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
22Eidsvoll, Norway3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
23Geraardsbergen, Belgium3 µg/m³2026-08-07
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
24Grimstad, Norway3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
25Iglesias, Italy3 µg/m³2026-08-03
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
26Kohtla-Järve, Estonia3 µg/m³2026-07-29
Source Scope: city · Period: 2025-12-31
27Loulé, Portugal3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
28Müllheim im Markgräflerland, Germany3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
29Mutxamel, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
30Olhão, Portugal3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31

What the numbers say

  • Queens, United States leads at 1.74 µg/m³.
  • Olhão, Portugal sits at the other end with 3 µg/m³.
  • The middle of this ranking is 3 µg/m³, across 30 places that publish the metric.
  • The spread between first and last is 1.26 µg/m³.

Quick answer

What does Cities meeting the WHO PM2.5 annual guideline show?

Queens, United States has the lowest pm2.5 — annual mean of the 30 cities compared: 1.74 µg/m³ (US EPA Air Quality System (AQS), 2024-12-31).

How this list is built

Every row is a published pm2.5 — annual mean observation, ranked lowest first. The values were observed between 2017 and 2025. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value. Only published cities with at least 20,000 residents and city-level observations qualify.

  • Compare the displayed value, unit, source date and geographic grain together.
  • A city label does not change a regional observation into a city measurement.
Rows
30 places
Geographic grain
2 grains: nearest_station, city
Observation period
2017-12-31 to 2025-12-31
Last checked
2026-08-26
With an official source link
30 of 30

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, August 26). Cities meeting the WHO PM2.5 annual guideline [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 6eb298d7e5a727035215392a141fa24f]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/reports/cities-meeting-who-pm25-guideline/ Retrieved 2026-08-26. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_cities-meeting-the-who-pm2-5-annual-guideline_b5895b1af782,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Cities meeting the WHO PM2.5 annual guideline},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-08-26},
  version = {6eb298d7e5a727035215392a141fa24f},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/reports/cities-meeting-who-pm25-guideline/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-08-26. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Cities meeting the WHO PM2.5 annual guideline](https://immigrationdb.com/reports/cities-meeting-who-pm25-guideline/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 6eb298d7e5a727035215392a141fa24f; retrieved 2026-08-26; built 2026-08-26.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

  1. US EPA Air Quality System (AQS)US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) · Checked 2026-08-06
  2. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Program · Checked 2026-07-15
  3. cdn.who.intcdn.who.int · Checked 2026-08-26
  4. official validated air-quality station bulk; no exact target station-period input foundEuropean Environment Agency · Checked 2026-07-15
  5. European Environment AgencyEuropean Environment Agency · Checked 2026-08-03
  6. EEA air quality statistics — DE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Schwarzwald-Süd)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  7. EEA air quality statistics — BE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station 43N113 - SAINT-ODE)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  8. EEA air quality statistics — NO PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Olav V gate)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  9. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALACANT - RABASSA)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  10. IRCEL/CELINE (Belgian Interregional Environment Agency)IRCEL/CELINE (Belgian Interregional Environment Agency) · Checked 2026-08-07
Show 2 more sources
  1. EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — EE 2025 PM2.5 exact station temporal replacementEuropean Environment Agency · Checked 2026-07-29
  2. EEA air quality statistics — PT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Joaquim Magalhães)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01