Living in Ottawa

In Ottawa, unemployment is 10.3% (2021).

The city covered 2,790.3 km² in 2021. Population density was 364.9 people per km² in 2021. The unemployment rate was 10.3% in May 2021. Ottawa is the national capital of Canada.

Last checked 2026-10-1023 sources

Population1,071,868people1 Jul 2022Official source · Statistics Canada

Median gross salary4,221EUR/month31 Dec 2020Official source · Statistics Canada

Median rent1,061EUR/month31 Dec 2025Official source · Ottawa — Median Rent by Year of Construction by Census Subdivision, 2025

Unemployment rate10.3%country median 8.4% — 23% aboveOfficial source · Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population

Recorded crime4,298offences per 100,000country median 4,873 — 12% belowIndependent source · Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024

PM2.5, annual mean3.86µg/m³country median 3.6 — 6% aboveOfficial source · Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.

Higher unemployment than 69% of Canadian cities that publish it and less recorded crime than 69% of Canadian cities that publish it.

Which Canada-wide rules apply when you move to Ottawa?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in CanadaNational rates and thresholds that apply in Ottawa.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

20.1% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing in May 2021.

What recurs every month6 published recurring costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€786

Utilities, 85 m² flat€118

Transport pass€87

Fitness club€42

Internet, 60 Mbps€40

Mobile plan, 10 GB€31

Supplemental estimate lane, not official statistics: Utilities, 85 m² flat, Private kindergarten, Fitness club, Internet, 60 Mbps, Mobile plan, 10 GB. The others are published prices.

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Fitness club membership, monthly	42.08 EUR/month	31 Jul 2026	Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa²¹Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited	39.99 EUR/month	31 Jul 2026	Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa²¹Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Private kindergarten, monthly	785.7 EUR/month	31 Jul 2026	Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa²¹Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant	15.47 EUR	31 Jul 2026	Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa²¹Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB	30.89 EUR/month	31 Jul 2026	Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa²¹Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Monthly transport pass	86.94 EUR/month	31 Jan 2026	Fare change takes effect January 1³Official
Basic utilities, 85 m² home	118.2 EUR/month	31 Jul 2026	Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa²¹Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Households spending over 30% of income on rent	20.1 %	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷Official
Dwellings	427,113 dwellings	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁰Official
Average monthly rent (two-bedroom)	1,181 EUR/month	31 Oct 2023	CMHC Urban Rental Market Survey — Average Rents in Urban Centres (CSD table), October 2023²Official
Median monthly rent (whole dwelling)	1,061 EUR/month	31 Dec 2025	Ottawa — Median Rent by Year of Construction by Census Subdivision, 2025⁷Official

Is Ottawa a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile

Remote worker52%strong on work, weak on safety · range 44–60%

Skilled employee60%strong on work, weak on safety · range 52–68%

Student42%strong on education, weak on work · range 35–49%

Family49%strong on family, weak on cost · range 41–57%

Retirement35%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 25–45%

Work and income

What is the typical salary in Ottawa?

The median gross salary is about 4,221 EUR/month (2020). The regional series (home-region basis, 2020) is a separate labelled row in the table.

City-scope median, gross, before tax and social contributions.

Median gross salary: 4,221 EUR/month · Statistics Canada¹²
Median gross salary (regional): 3,246 EUR/month · 2026-09-17 · www150.statcan.gc.ca²⁰

What is the unemployment rate in Ottawa?

The unemployment rate is 10.3 % (May 2021). Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷

Unemployment across cities in CanadaUnemployment in Ottawa is 10.3%. Of 515 cities with data, 125 have unemployment of 6 to under 8%.

125

108

0–22–44–66–88–1010–1212–1414–1616–1818–2020–22

Ottawa 10.3%

Unemployment rate (%)

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Public employment offices	2 count	15 Sept 2026	Service Canada — Ontario office list⁹Official
Median gross salary	4,221 EUR/month	31 Dec 2020	Statistics Canada¹²Official
Median gross salary (regional)	3,246 EUR/month	31 Dec 2020	www150.statcan.gc.ca²⁰Official
Average net monthly salary	3,210 EUR/month	31 Aug 2026	Numbeo city cost-of-living page — /cities/ca/ottawa/²¹Community estimate · Supplemental context
Unemployment rate	10.3 %country median 8.4%	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷Official

What does a salary buy in Ottawa?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

Left over each month€1,825of €3,162 take-home

Rent
Utilities
Transport
Internet
Mobile
Left over

Line-by-line breakdown and sources

Each month	€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.	€3,162
Rentmedian rent of a whole dwelling · official · Ottawa · 2025-12-31	− €1,061
Public transport pass€87 · official · Fare change takes effect January 1 · 2026-01-31	− €87
Utilities, 85 m²€118 · market price · Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa · 2026-07-31	− €118
Internet€40 · market price · Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa · 2026-07-31	− €40
Mobile plan€31 · market price · Lebenshaltungskosten in Ottawa · 2026-07-31	− €31
Left over	€1,825

Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Ottawa Salary needed to live in Ottawa

Public employment offices in Ottawa

Service Canada lists 2 public employment offices in Ottawa (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.

Office count verified

Job Bank and public employment services — Public employment service

Government of Canada

Job SearchMigrant Support

Open official service

Open the Canada service overview

The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.

Safety

How safe is Ottawa?

Police recorded 4,298 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 4,298 offences per 100,000 · Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024²²

Recorded crime across major citiesOttawa highlighted among comparable cities

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Winnipeg7,894

Edmonton7,108

Halifax6,020

Vancouver5,438

Calgary4,796

London4,743

Québec4,630

Ottawa4,298

Hamilton4,257

Toronto4,177

Gatineau3,756

Montreal3,674

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents	4,298 offences per 100,000country median 4,873	31 Dec 2024	Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024²²Independent

Mobility and administration

The nearest airport was YRO, 6 km away in June 2026. Commute shares were 11.2% by public transport, 7% by walking and 1.5% by cycling in May 2021.

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Workers commuting by bicycle	1.5 %	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷Official
Workers commuting by public transport	11.2 %	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷Official
Workers walking to work	7 %	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷Official
Nearest airport	YRO	13 Jun 2026	OurAirports — airports.csv⁸Official
Distance to nearest airport	6 km	13 Jun 2026	OurAirports — airports.csv⁸Official

Language courses and integration in Ottawa

2 exact course-location records are linked to this city. Check the linked source for dates, availability and enrolment.

Verified locally

2verified local records

1provider-supplied leads

Confederation Court Community Organization

2483 Walkley Road, Unit A, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 3H2

613-521-6807 · info@confederationcourt.com

View official record

Collège La Cité — Main Campus LINC

801 Aviation Parkway, Unit H3070, Ottawa, Ontario K1K 4R3

613-742-2483

View official record

Private and nonprofit providers

Provider-supplied records stay separate from government-verified services.

Provider-supplied record · supplemental Canadian Language Learning College — Ottawa campus

207 Queen St #100, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6E5

+1 613-680-3330 · info@cllc.ca

Open provider website

Check courses in Ottawa How the country programme works

Exact city-linked records checked 2026-08-10. Provider-supplied records are supplemental and are not presented as official accreditation.

Find courses near Ottawa

Climate and air quality

Monthly mean temperatures were −9.6°C in January and 21.2°C in July. Monthly precipitation was 68.5 mm in January and 93.8 mm in July. Annual PM2.5 was 3.86 µg/m³ in 2024.

Is the air quality good in Ottawa?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 3.9 µg/m³ (2024) — within the WHO 2021 guideline.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

PM2.5 — annual mean: 3.86 µg/m³ · Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.⁵

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C

0°

-5°-14°

-3°-13°

3°-7°

11°1°

19°8°

24°13°

27°16°

26°14°

21°10°

13°4°

6°-2°

-2°-9°

JFMAMJJASOND

Night-time low to daytime high

Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm

JFMAMJJASOND

Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours

131

167

190

230

254

279

249

178

139

JFMAMJJASOND

hours

Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³

PM2.53.9WHO 5 · EU 25

PM1012WHO 15 · EU 40

NO₂6.1WHO 10 · EU 40

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in CanadaAnnual PM2.5 in Ottawa is 3.9 µg/m³. Of 123 cities with data, 46 have annual PM2.5 of 3 to under 4 µg/m³.

1–22–33–44–55–66–77–88–99–1010–1113–1415–1616–1717–1820–2140–41

Ottawa 3.9

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

Metric	Value	Period	Source
NO₂ — annual mean	6.06 µg/m³country median 7.0	2024	Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met.⁶Official
PM10 — annual mean	12 µg/m³country median 10.5	2024	Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.⁴Official
PM2.5 — annual mean	3.86 µg/m³country median 3.6	2024	Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.⁵Official
Average daytime high by month	Jan -5.2 · Feb -3.3 · Mar 2.5 · Apr 11.2 · May 19.4 · Jun 24.2 · Jul 26.7 · Aug 25.6 · Sep 21.1 · Oct 13.3 · Nov 5.8 · Dec -1.5 °C	1991–2020	WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV²³Independent
Average night-time low by month	Jan -14 · Feb -12.9 · Mar -6.9 · Apr 1.1 · May 8.1 · Jun 13.3 · Jul 15.7 · Aug 14.5 · Sep 10.1 · Oct 4.1 · Nov -1.8 · Dec -8.7 °C	1991–2020	WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV²³Independent
Average temperature by month	Jan -9.6 · Feb -8.1 · Mar -2.2 · Apr 6.1 · May 13.8 · Jun 18.8 · Jul 21.2 · Aug 20.1 · Sep 15.6 · Oct 8.7 · Nov 2 · Dec -5.1 °C	1991–2020	WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV²³Independent
Average precipitation by month	Jan 68.5 · Feb 51.4 · Mar 61.6 · Apr 0 · May 0 · Jun 88.2 · Jul 93.8 · Aug 87.3 · Sep 86.8 · Oct 0 · Nov 0 · Dec 71.3 mm	1991–2020	WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV²³Independent
Average sunshine by month	Jan 99.3 · Feb 131.3 · Mar 167.1 · Apr 189.8 · May 229.8 · Jun 254.2 · Jul 279 · Aug 249.3 · Sep 177.6 · Oct 139.4 · Nov 84.3 · Dec 82.6 hours	31 Dec 2010	Canadian Climate Normals — Ottawa CDA RCS 6105976, 1981-2010¹Official

Population and city profile

How many people live in Ottawa?

The published population was 1,071,868 people in 2022. Source: Statistics Canada¹¹

Foreign residents and their share come from different publications that count different groups (for example citizens of another country, or people born abroad, or of foreign origin), so 95,345 is not 25.9% of the population. Each row names its source.

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

By nationality

National passport91.1%

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

Metric	Value	Period	Source
City area	2,790 km²	2021	Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021 (Ottawa, CSD 3506008)¹⁵Official
Foreign-resident share	25.9 %	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹³Official
Foreign residents	95,345 people	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign population total; it is not immigrant status.¹⁶Official
Population density	364.9 people/km²	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 6: population density per square kilometre at CSD grain. This is the exact CSD value; it is not a CMA or province observation.¹⁶Official
Population	1,071,868 people	1 Jul 2022	Statistics Canada¹¹Official

International community in Ottawa

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published group	People	Share
China	20,320	7.8%
India	16,195	6.2%
United Kingdom	14,765	5.7%
Lebanon	11,905	4.6%
Philippines	10,505	4.1%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source¹⁸

Language spoken at home

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data · 2021 Census

Published group	People	Share
Single responses	942,180	93.6%
English	734,735	73.0%
French	82,795	8.2%
Multiple responses	64,785	6.4%
English and non-official language(s)	37,595	3.7%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source¹⁸

Ancestry or ethnicity

Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published group	People	Share
Irish	192,250	19.2%
Scottish	160,250	16.0%
English	156,485	15.6%
Canadian	114,205	11.4%
German	73,625	7.4%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source¹⁸

Additional context

Metric	Value	Period	Source
Residents born abroad	30.3 %	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population¹⁷Official
Residents with a bachelor's degree or higher	41.4 %	11 May 2021	Statistics Canada Table 98-10-0387-04: highest certificate, diploma or degree¹⁹Official
Median age	40 years	31 Dec 2021	Statistics Canada¹⁴Official

Alternatives for people set on Ottawa

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Surrey as an Ottawa alternative in the same country

Better on 3 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2. Median gross pay, city cannot be compared like for like.

Nearest airport: 24.3 km Surrey vs 6.0 km Ottawa+305%
Foreign residents: 44.6% Surrey vs 25.9% Ottawa+72%
Median gross pay, region: €2,331 Surrey vs €3,246 Ottawa−28%
Median gross pay, city: €3,224 Surrey vs €4,221 Ottawano percentage
Annual PM2.5: 2.6 µg/m³ Surrey vs 3.9 µg/m³ Ottawa−33%
Unemployment: 8.6% Surrey vs 10.3% Ottawa−17%
Residents: 633,234 Surrey vs 1,071,868 Ottawa−41%

Full comparison More about Surrey

Alternative cities in Canada

Other cities in Canada to compare with Ottawa, nearest in population first.

All Canada cities

Edmonton1,010,899 residents Calgary1,413,800 residents Winnipeg749,607 residents Mississauga717,961 residents Vancouver706,012 residents Brampton656,480 residents

How does Ottawa compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Ottawa's.

Open the full comparison

Ottawa in rankings

#4 of 30 in Largest cities in Canada #20 of 30 in Highest salary cities in Canada #23 of 30 in Most international cities in Canada

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Ottawa when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide

Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Put Ottawa's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Ottawa?

The published population was 1,071,868 people in 2022. Source: Statistics Canada.

Is the air quality good in Ottawa?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 3.9 µg/m³ (2024) — within the WHO 2021 guideline. Source: Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate..

How safe is Ottawa?

Police recorded 4,298 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024.

What is the typical salary in Ottawa?

The median gross salary is about 4,221 EUR/month (2020). The regional series (home-region basis, 2020) is a separate labelled row in the table. Source: Statistics Canada.

What is the unemployment rate in Ottawa?

The unemployment rate is 10.3 % (May 2021). Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population.

What is the typical salary around Ottawa?

The median gross salary is 3,246 EUR/month. Source: www150.statcan.gc.ca.

Is Ottawa a good place to live?

Ottawa may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

How many people born in China live in Ottawa?

The official country of birth distribution records 20,320 people (7.8%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation

ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Ottawa, Canada: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version facde0b230067ec42696eef8e17614eb]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/ottawa/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BibTeX citation

@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_ottawa-canada-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_346dc266cc7f,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Ottawa, Canada: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {facde0b230067ec42696eef8e17614eb},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/ottawa/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}

Markdown citation

[Ottawa, Canada: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/ottawa/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version facde0b230067ec42696eef8e17614eb; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown

Canadian Climate Normals — Ottawa CDA RCS 6105976, 1981-2010 Canadian Climate Normals · climate.weather.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-26
CMHC Urban Rental Market Survey — Average Rents in Urban Centres (CSD table), October 2023 CMHC Urban Rental Market Survey · assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca · checked 2026-09-18
Fare change takes effect January 1 octranspo.com · checked 2026-10-08
Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
Ottawa — Median Rent by Year of Construction by Census Subdivision, 2025 Ottawa · www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca · checked 2026-10-07
OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
Service Canada — Ontario office list Service Canada · offices.service.canada.ca · checked 2026-09-15
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07

Show 13 more sources

Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
Statistics Canada www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-09-13
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021 (Ottawa, CSD 3506008) Statistics Canada · www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-14
Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign population total; it is not immigrant status. api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2021-05-11
Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-16
Statistics Canada language spoken at home www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-29
Statistics Canada Table 98-10-0387-04: highest certificate, diploma or degree www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-16
www150.statcan.gc.ca www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-27
Numbeo city cost-of-living page — /cities/ca/ottawa/ Numbeo city cost-of-living page · de.numbeo.com · checked 2026-09-05
Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024 Statistics Canada · www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-26
WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-26

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.