ImmigrationDBVerified immigration data
On this page

Living in Bad Säckingen

Bad Säckingen is a city in Germany. A city-level estimate placed average net cold rent at €11.83 per m² per month in June 2026. Bad Säckingen had a population of 17,767 at the end of 2024.

Higher unemployment than 74% of German cities that publish it and cleaner air than 97% of German cities that publish it.

Which Germany-wide rules apply when you move to Bad Säckingen?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in GermanyNational rates and thresholds that apply in Bad Säckingen.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Bad Säckingen?

Average net cold rent is 11.83 EUR/m² per month (June 2026), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 11.83 EUR/m²/month · miet-check Mietspiegel Bad Säckingen23

City-level rent is published below; no city-level cost-of-living basket is published for Bad Säckingen yet.

Net rent across major citiesBad Säckingen highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Bad Säckingen highlighted€9.94Hamburg€9.72Stuttgart€9.10Augsburg€9.09Mannheim€7.71Berlin€7.20Dresden€6.79Braunschweig€6.72Bielefeld€6.66Duisburg€6.27Leipzig€6.00Dortmund€5.99Halle (Saale)net rent, € / m² / month
MetricValuePeriodSource
Average net rent (nettokalt)11.83 EUR/m²/month4 Jun 2026miet-check Mietspiegel Bad Säckingen23Commercial estimate · Supplemental context

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 710 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 11.83 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: June 2026

Work and income

The unemployment rate was 6.15% in May 2022. The regional median gross salary was €3,850 per month at the end of 2024. Regional disposable income was €29,369 per person per year at the end of 2023.

What is the unemployment rate in Bad Säckingen?

The unemployment rate is about 6.1 % (May 2022).

  • Unemployment rate: 6.15 % · Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities22
Unemployment across cities in GermanyUnemployment in Bad Säckingen is 6.2%. Of 2,973 cities with data, 1,290 have unemployment of 4 to under 6%.
unemployment rate, % · measured cities in Germany per band801 cities: 2% to under 4%8012–41290 cities: 4% to under 6%12904–6624 cities: 6% to under 8%6246–8Bad Säckingen 6.2%228 cities: 8% to under 10%2288–1024 cities: 10% to under 12%2410–124 cities: 12% to under 14%412–142 cities: 14% to under 16%214–16

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fibre-to-the-building availability1.73 %31 Dec 2025Bundesnetzagentur / BMDV — Breitbandatlas2Official
Gigabit broadband availability94.93 %31 Dec 2025Bundesnetzagentur / BMDV — Breitbandatlas2Official
Disposable income per resident29,369 EUR/year31 Dec 2023VGRdL — Kreis economic accounts20Official · district-level figure
GDP per capita36,406 EUR/year31 Dec 2023VGRdL — Kreis economic accounts20Official · district-level figure
Median gross salary (regional)3,850 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Entgelte im regionalen Vergleich (Wohnort)1Official · district-level figure
Unemployment rate6.15 %country median 5.1%15 May 2022Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities22Official

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Bad Säckingen. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Public employment service

Bundesagentur für Arbeit

Job Search
Search jobs
Open the Germany service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Bad Säckingen. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport66 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat16Official
Nearest airportBSL13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv17Official
Distance to nearest airport32.4 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv17Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Bad Säckingen. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

BAMF Integrationskurse — Integration course

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF)

For eligible migrants.

GermanIn Person
Open official information

BAMF job-related German courses — Job-related language course

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF)

For migrants needing job-related German.

GermanIn Person
Open official information
Open the full Germany section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Bad Säckingen.

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Bad Säckingen?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — DE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein)10

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Bad Säckingen average monthly precipitation, mm03060901205549587411110110810882797372JFMAMJJASONDmm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Bad Säckingen average monthly sunshine, hours06012018024064861371691872102322141591046555JFMAMJJASONDhours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits
Bad Säckingen annual air pollutant levels against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limitsCity valueWHO guidelineEU limit5256.0PM2.5154010.0PM10104011.0NO₂µg/m³

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in GermanyAnnual PM2.5 in Bad Säckingen is 6.0 µg/m³. Of 444 cities with data, 155 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.
annual PM2.5, µg/m³ · measured cities in Germany per band1 city: 3 µg/m³ to under 4 µg/m³13–410 cities: 4 µg/m³ to under 5 µg/m³104–54 cities: 5 µg/m³ to under 6 µg/m³45–643 cities: 6 µg/m³ to under 7 µg/m³436–7Bad Säckingen 6.0102 cities: 7 µg/m³ to under 8 µg/m³1027–8155 cities: 8 µg/m³ to under 9 µg/m³1558–990 cities: 9 µg/m³ to under 10 µg/m³909–1030 cities: 10 µg/m³ to under 11 µg/m³3010–115 cities: 11 µg/m³ to under 12 µg/m³511–122 cities: 12 µg/m³ to under 13 µg/m³212–132 cities: 13 µg/m³ to under 14 µg/m³213–14

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean11 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — DE NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein)8Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean10 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — DE PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein)9Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean6 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — DE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein)10Official · nearest-station reading
Climate Monthly Extreme High CJan 12.49 · Feb 15.51 · Mar 19.98 · Apr 25.13 · May 28.49 · Jun 32.36 · Jul 32.92 · Aug 32.3 · Sep 26.81 · Oct 24.13 · Nov 20.13 · Dec 14.39 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center12Official
Climate Monthly Extreme Low CJan -15.37 · Feb -18.76 · Mar -19.29 · Apr -5.83 · May -1.62 · Jun 1.65 · Jul 6.38 · Aug 5.74 · Sep 0.44 · Oct -7.27 · Nov -10 · Dec -15.28 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center12Official
Average temperature by monthJan -0.56 · Feb 0.25 · Mar 4.38 · Apr 8.93 · May 13.01 · Jun 17.09 · Jul 18.61 · Aug 18.1 · Sep 13.99 · Oct 9.72 · Nov 4.21 · Dec 0.34 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center12Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 54.5 · Feb 49.1 · Mar 58.3 · Apr 74.4 · May 111.2 · Jun 101.1 · Jul 108.3 · Aug 108.1 · Sep 82.3 · Oct 78.7 · Nov 73.4 · Dec 72.2 mm31 Dec 1991NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO13Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 64 · Feb 85.8 · Mar 136.7 · Apr 169.2 · May 187.3 · Jun 210.3 · Jul 231.5 · Aug 213.9 · Sep 159.4 · Oct 103.6 · Nov 65.2 · Dec 55.2 hours31 Dec 1991NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO14Official · nearest-station reading
Annual mean temperature8.9 °C31 Dec 2020DWD Climate Data Center — Klimanormal 1991-2020, Jahresmittel Lufttemperatur 2m (1×1 km Raster)7Official · land

Cities of a similar size in Germany

Closest published populations, for a like-for-like comparison.

All Germany cities
Bexbach17,793 residentsBönen17,734 residentsBürstadt17,804 residentsSchrobenhausen17,815 residentsPohlheim17,677 residentsVellmar17,663 residents

Population and city profile

The city covered 25.4 km² in 2024. Population density was 700.9 people per km² in 2024.

How many people live in Bad Säckingen?

The published population was 17,767 people in 2024. Source: Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis5

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population
Bad Säckingen residents by nationalityBy nationalityNational passport80.2%Foreign residents19.8%

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Cars per 1,000 residents600 cars/1000 residents1 Jan 2026Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt — FZ 3 vehicle stock by municipality11Official
City area25.35 km²31 Dec 2024Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis5Official
Foreign residents3,517 people15 May 2022Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities21Official
Population density700.9 people/km²31 Dec 2024Official municipality population divided by official municipality area from the same Destatis row.15Official
Population17,767 people31 Dec 2024Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis5Official

People and communities

MetricValuePeriodSource
Catholic residents6,555 people31 Dec 2022Destatis3Official
Catholic share37 %31 Dec 2022Destatis3Official
No religion or other8,211 people31 Dec 2022Destatis3Official
No religion or other, share46.3 %31 Dec 2022Destatis3Official
Protestant residents2,956 people31 Dec 2022Destatis3Official
Protestant share16.7 %31 Dec 2022Destatis3Official

International community in Bad Säckingen

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Persons · 2022-05-15

Published groupPeopleShare
Total17,717100.0%
Germany12,52970.7%
Switzerland6693.8%
Italy6373.6%
Poland4402.5%
Russian Federation4192.4%
Turkey3351.9%
Kazakhstan2251.3%
Syrian Arab Republic1991.1%
Romania1781.0%
Croatia1550.9%
Show 92 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Ukraine1410.8%
Kosovo1290.7%
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of1150.6%
Bosnia and Herzegovina1100.6%
Serbia1090.6%
Czech Republic890.5%
Hungary770.4%
Austria530.3%
France510.3%
Bulgaria480.3%
India430.2%
Viet Nam420.2%
Albania410.2%
Iraq400.2%
Thailand390.2%
Afghanistan370.2%
Greece330.2%
China330.2%
Philippines310.2%
Gambia280.2%
Sri Lanka270.2%
Iran, Islamic Republic of260.1%
Pakistan260.1%
Spain230.1%
Nigeria230.1%
Lebanon230.1%
Moldova, Republic of220.1%
Slovakia220.1%
United States220.1%
Brazil200.1%
Morocco190.1%
Netherlands170.1%
United Kingdom170.1%
Eritrea170.1%
Kyrgyzstan170.1%
Slovenia150.1%
Lithuania140.1%
Portugal130.1%
Sweden120.1%
Belarus110.1%
Colombia110.1%
Not stated110.1%
Tunisia100.1%
Georgia100.1%
Australia100.1%
Denmark80.0%
Latvia80.0%
Algeria80.0%
Korea, Republic of80.0%
Belgium70.0%
Kenya70.0%
Indonesia70.0%
South Africa60.0%
Argentina60.0%
Dominican Republic60.0%
Peru60.0%
Azerbaijan60.0%
Jordan60.0%
Uzbekistan60.0%
Guinea50.0%
Cameroon50.0%
Somalia50.0%
Japan50.0%
Malaysia50.0%
Finland40.0%
Libya40.0%
Canada40.0%
Nicaragua40.0%
Israel40.0%
Singapore40.0%
Estonia30.0%
Ireland30.0%
Montenegro30.0%
Luxembourg30.0%
Malta30.0%
Ethiopia30.0%
Ghana30.0%
Zambia30.0%
Rwanda30.0%
Senegal30.0%
Togo30.0%
Ecuador30.0%
Guatemala30.0%
Mexico30.0%
Panama30.0%
Saint Lucia30.0%
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of30.0%
Armenia30.0%
United Arab Emirates30.0%
Tajikistan30.0%
New Zealand30.0%
Papua New Guinea30.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source19

Citizenship

Persons · 2022-05-15

Published groupPeopleShare
Total17,717100.0%
Germany14,20080.1%
Italy9895.6%
Turkey2921.6%
Syrian Arab Republic2331.3%
Croatia2191.2%
Switzerland1680.9%
Ukraine1140.6%
Poland1130.6%
Romania1060.6%
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of1010.6%
Show 69 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Kosovo940.5%
Serbia850.5%
Bulgaria630.4%
Russian Federation610.3%
Hungary550.3%
Austria450.3%
Viet Nam450.3%
Afghanistan440.2%
Bosnia and Herzegovina430.2%
Albania410.2%
Gambia380.2%
France370.2%
Iraq330.2%
Greece310.2%
Spain280.2%
India250.1%
Pakistan230.1%
China230.1%
Thailand220.1%
United States200.1%
Netherlands160.1%
Nigeria160.1%
Uncertain160.1%
Slovakia150.1%
Czech Republic150.1%
Slovenia140.1%
Kazakhstan140.1%
Portugal130.1%
Eritrea130.1%
Philippines130.1%
Sri Lanka120.1%
Lithuania110.1%
Moldova, Republic of110.1%
United Kingdom90.1%
Iran, Islamic Republic of90.1%
Tunisia80.0%
Montenegro70.0%
Morocco50.0%
Guinea50.0%
Somalia50.0%
Georgia50.0%
Indonesia50.0%
Jordan50.0%
Sweden40.0%
Belarus40.0%
Brazil40.0%
Israel40.0%
Stateless40.0%
Belgium30.0%
Ireland30.0%
Liechtenstein30.0%
Luxembourg30.0%
Kenya30.0%
Libya30.0%
Cameroon30.0%
South Africa30.0%
Senegal30.0%
Dominica30.0%
Colombia30.0%
Mexico30.0%
Nicaragua30.0%
Panama30.0%
Peru30.0%
Japan30.0%
Kyrgyzstan30.0%
Lebanon30.0%
Singapore30.0%
Uzbekistan30.0%
Australia30.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source18

Is Bad Säckingen a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker47%strong on work, weak on safety · range 36–58%
Skilled employee54%strong on work, weak on safety · range 44–64%
Student53%strong on legal route, weak on safety · range 41–65%
Family51%strong on family, weak on safety · range 39–63%
Retirement53%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 39–67%
Foreign residents3,517 people15 May 2022Official source · Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities
Population17,767 people31 Dec 2024Official source · Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis
Average net rent (nettokalt)11.83 EUR/m²/month4 Jun 2026Commercial source · miet-check Mietspiegel Bad Säckingen
Fibre-to-the-building availability1.73 %31 Dec 2025Official source · Bundesnetzagentur / BMDV — Breitbandatlas
Gigabit broadband availability94.93 %31 Dec 2025Official source · Bundesnetzagentur / BMDV — Breitbandatlas
Disposable income per resident29,369 EUR/year31 Dec 2023Official source · VGRdL — Kreis economic accounts
Every value keeps its source, geographic scope and verification date · Last checked 2026-08-27

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Childcare coverage, ages 3–692.5 %1 Mar 2025Destatis — Kindertagesbetreuung regional4Official · district-level figure
Childcare coverage, under 330.4 %1 Mar 2025Destatis — Kindertagesbetreuung regional4Official · district-level figure
Local business-tax multiplier390 %31 Dec 2024Destatis Realsteuervergleich6Official
Local property-tax multiplier490 %31 Dec 2024Destatis Realsteuervergleich6Official

Yes — migrants receive medical care in Bad Säckingen through valid health insurance.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Bad Säckingen?

The published population was 17,767 people in 2024. Source: Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis.

How much does it cost to rent in Bad Säckingen?

Average net cold rent is 11.83 EUR/m² per month (June 2026), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 828 EUR a month before utilities. Source: miet-check Mietspiegel Bad Säckingen.

Is the air quality good in Bad Säckingen?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — DE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein).

What is the unemployment rate in Bad Säckingen?

The unemployment rate is about 6.1 % (May 2022). Source: Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities.

What is the typical salary around Bad Säckingen?

The median gross salary is 3,850 EUR/month. Source: Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Entgelte im regionalen Vergleich (Wohnort).

How many foreign residents live in Bad Säckingen?

3,517 people residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities.

Is Bad Säckingen a good place to live?

Bad Säckingen may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

How many people born in Total live in Bad Säckingen?

The official country of birth distribution records 17,717 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2022-05-15. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Bad Säckingen, Germany: rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/de/bad-sackingen/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_bad-sackingen-germany-rent-salary-jobs_514fe40bdbfb,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Bad Säckingen, Germany: rent, salary, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-12},
  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/de/bad-sackingen/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Bad Säckingen, Germany: rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/de/bad-sackingen/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Entgelte im regionalen Vergleich (Wohnort) Bundesagentur für Arbeit · statistik.arbeitsagentur.de · checked 2026-07-14
  2. Bundesnetzagentur / BMDV — Breitbandatlas Bundesnetzagentur / BMDV · gigabitgrundbuch.bund.de · checked 2026-07-14
  3. Destatis destatis.de · checked 2026-08-08
  4. Destatis — Kindertagesbetreuung regional Destatis · destatis.de · checked 2026-07-14
  5. Destatis Gemeindeverzeichnis destatis.de · checked 2026-07-14
  6. Destatis Realsteuervergleich destatis.de · checked 2026-07-14
  7. DWD Climate Data Center — Klimanormal 1991-2020, Jahresmittel Lufttemperatur 2m (1×1 km Raster) DWD Climate Data Center · opendata.dwd.de · checked 2026-06-05
  8. EEA air quality statistics — DE NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  9. EEA air quality statistics — DE PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  10. EEA air quality statistics — DE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Weil am Rhein) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
Show 13 more sources
  1. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt — FZ 3 vehicle stock by municipality Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt · kba.de · checked 2026-07-14
  2. NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  3. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-06
  4. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information / WMO nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-06
  5. Official municipality population divided by official municipality area from the same Destatis row. destatis.de · checked 2024-12-31
  6. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  7. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  8. Statistical Offices of the Federation and the Länder, Germany citizenship distribution ergebnisse.zensus2022.de · checked 2026-08-28
  9. Statistical Offices of the Federation and the Länder, Germany country_of_birth distribution ergebnisse.zensus2022.de · checked 2026-08-28
  10. VGRdL — Kreis economic accounts VGRdL · statistikportal.de · checked 2026-07-14
  11. Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities Zensus 2022 regional tables · destatis.de · checked 2026-07-26
  12. Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities Zensus 2022 regional tables · destatis.de · checked 2026-07-26
  13. miet-check Mietspiegel Bad Säckingen miet-check.de · checked 2026-06-04

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.