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Moving to Germany

In Germany, unemployment is 3.8% (2025).

Germany’s median gross salary was €4,013/month in 2024; OECD 2025 net pay for a single adult without children on the average wage was 61.3% of gross pay. The published residence routes cover highly skilled and general work, study, family reunification, self-employment, business start-ups and settlement. The general statutory health-insurance contribution rate is 14.6% in 2026. A Germany-wide rent figure is not available in the published data.

JSON Markdown

Last checked 2026-10-1077 sources

Population83,516,593people31 Dec 2024Official source · World Bank
Median gross salary4,013EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Analyse zur Entgeltstatistik 2024
Unemployment rate3.8%31 Dec 2025Official source · Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a)
Minimum wage12.82EUR/hour31 Dec 2025Official source · OECD
Median net income1,900EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Eurostat — Distribution of income by household composition (ilc_di04)
Foreign residents12,392,275people31 Dec 2025Official source · Eurostat

Can I move to Germany?

Across 199 passports, 94 passports enter visa-free and 105 passports need a visa for Germany. Check your passport below.

Visa-free
94
Visa required
105

199 accepted passport rules · rules effective as of 2026-07-15

Residence rules and exceptions
General starting points; personal circumstances and exceptions still apply.
Citizenship / situationStarting point
EU / EEA citizenshipFree movement; longer residence has conditions.[78]
Other citizenshipCheck work, study or family requirements. Some nationalities can apply after entry; this is not permission to start work.[80][79]
Existing status or family rightsA passport alone cannot establish your eligibility. Check the relevant authority’s guidance.

These are national starting points, not an eligibility decision. Long-stay residence, work authorisation and in-country application rules differ by route; a visa-free visit never settles them. Check the route that matches your purpose and circumstances with the responsible authority.

Visa and entry rules

Sources checked through 28 Aug 2026.

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Germany?

The national unemployment rate was 3.8 % in 2025. Source: Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a)26

This is the Eurostat labour-force survey series used as the canonical national answer. Other published definitions exist and are shown in the table below.

What is the median gross salary in Germany?

The median gross salary was 4,013 EUR/month in 2024.

Half of employees earn less than this. Mean gross and national-accounts averages use different definitions and are shown in the table below.

  • Median gross salary, monthly: 4,013 EUR/month · Analyse zur Entgeltstatistik 20241
  • Average gross earnings: 4,851 EUR/month · 2026-08-27 · Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)63
  • Average gross salary, monthly: 3,519 EUR/month · 2026-07-25 · Eurostat — National accounts aggregates (nama_10_a10) and employment (nama_10_a10_e)25

What is the minimum wage in Germany?

The statutory minimum wage is 12.82 EUR/hour, gross (as of 2025). Source: OECD48

National statutory floor, gross, before tax and social contributions.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median gross salary, monthly4,013 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Analyse zur Entgeltstatistik 20241Official · national figure
National unemployment rate3.8 %31 Dec 2025Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a)26Official · national figure
Minimum gross hourly wage12.82 EUR/hour31 Dec 2025OECD48Official · national figure
Unemployment across cities in GermanyOf 3,080 cities with data, 1,332 have unemployment of 4 to under 6%.

Typical city (median): about 5.1%

Unemployment rate (%)

Net rent across cities in GermanyOf 2,049 cities with data, 694 have net rent of 5 to under 6 €/m²/month.

Typical city (median): about €5.81

Net rent (€/m²/month)

Annual PM2.5 across cities in GermanyOf 477 cities with data, 164 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Typical city (median): about 8.0 µg/m³

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

Recorded crime across cities in GermanyOf 180 cities with data, 60 report 7500 to under 10000 incidents per 100,000 residents.

Typical city (median): about 9,398 incidents per 100,000 residents

Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents

Public employment service in Germany

Official job-search, registration, counselling and training routes. Private recruitment agencies are not included.

Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Public employment service

Bundesagentur für Arbeit

Job Search

A national service does not prove that an office exists in every city. City pages show an office only after an exact address is linked to that city. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Taxes in Germany

National rates and comparable published scenarios. Personal tax depends on income, household and residence circumstances.

What does an average earner take home in Germany?

A single person on an average wage keeps about 40,902 EUR/year of about 66,700 EUR/year gross per year — 61.3% of pay.

Standardized OECD Taxing Wages (standardized scenario): single person, no children, earning the average wage. The same scenario is published for every covered country, so take-home shares compare directly.

Gross-to-net decomposition, 2025
ComponentAmount / year
Net wage earnings, kept40,902
Employee social contributions−14,314
Income taxes−11,484
Gross wage earnings66,700
  • Gross-to-net pay for a sample household: single person no children — 66,700 gross → 40,902 net a year (2025, national currency) · Taxing Wages 2026 — labour taxation decomposition
Top income-tax rate47.48 %
Corporate tax rate15.83 %
Employee income tax, yearly11,484 EUR/year
Employee social contributions, yearly14,314 EUR/year
Pre-filled with the national median gross salary (2024).
Verified from the linked official or intergovernmental records. Open the primary source. Sources checked through 7 Aug 2026.

Benefits newcomers may qualify for in Germany

Public schemes where an official source defines an eligible migration or residence status. Amounts and conditions are kept in their native terms.

ProgrammePublished amountSource and application

Arbeitslosengeld I — Unemployment support

Percentage-based / Daily

Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit)

Eligibility and amount details

The 2026 Bundesagentur für Arbeit leaflet states 60% of calculated Leistungsentgelt, increased to 67% where the claimant or spouse/partner has at least one child.

The Bundesagentur für Arbeit states that a person without German citizenship must either be an EU/EEA/Swiss national or hold a valid settlement or residence permit allowing work in Germany, in addition to meeting the ordinary unemployment-benefit conditions.

Grundsicherungsgeld nach SGB II (formerly Bürgergeld) — Minimum-income support

357–563 EUR / Monthly

Jobcenter or competent social-assistance authority

Eligibility and amount details

The BMAS 2026 standard-need table gives EUR 563 for an adult living alone, EUR 506 per adult in a couple, EUR 451 for an adult aged 18–24 or in a stationary setting, EUR 471 for ages 14–17, EUR 390 for ages 6–13 and EUR 357 for children under 6; appropriate accommodation and heating costs may be added under the published SGB II rules.

The Bundesagentur für Arbeit states that a third-country national with a residence title that entitles them to Germany's basic income support may receive the SGB II benefit, provided the general conditions of ability to work, need and residence in Germany are met. It expressly excludes people supported under the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act. exact third-country residence-title profile and does not turn a generic lawful residence or asylum application into a public eligibility status.

Kindergeld (Child benefit) — Family and child support

259 EUR / Monthly

Familienkasse / Federal Employment Agency

Eligibility, amount and sources

The current Bundesagentur für Arbeit Kindergeld page states EUR 259 per child per month for 2026.

The official Bundesagentur für Arbeit page for foreign nationals in Germany states that third-country citizens may qualify if they have a valid settlement or residence permit allowing work in Germany (‘gültige Niederlassungs- oder Aufenthaltserlaubnis, mit der sie in Deutschland arbeiten dürfen’), subject to the family-benefit conditions and individual Familienkasse review. of a residence permit that allows work and does not generalize the rule to every lawful resident.

Amount: Bundesministerium der Justiz — Gesetze im Internet, checked 2026-08-07

Leistungen nach dem Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz (AsylbLG) — Arrival and reception support

309–455 EUR / Monthly

Competent local AsylbLG authority / Sozialplattform

Eligibility and amount details

The BMAS and Sozialplattform 2026 AsylbLG tables give total monthly basic rates by Bedarfsstufe from EUR 455 for Bedarfsstufe 1 through EUR 309 for Bedarfsstufe 6, combining the published necessary-needs and personal-needs components; the applicable category depends on household and age circumstances.

The official Sozialplattform states that an asylum seeker in Germany may be entitled to benefits under the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act when the published means and residence conditions are met. It also says that a person with a Duldung in Germany may receive benefits under the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act while the Duldung procedure is running, subject to the published conditions. these two eligibility profiles; it does not treat general non-German residence or a negative SGB-II condition as an entitlement status.

Wohngeld — Housing support

Amount set per household by formula / Monthly

Competent municipal Wohngeldbehörde

Eligibility and amount details

Wohngeld is calculated from household members, qualifying rent, income and the statutory local rent level; the competent local authority makes the decision, so no representative national amount is invented. The current-state locator is 2026-08-10.

Wohngeldgesetz §3(5) states that foreign nationals who actually stay in Germany may qualify when they have EU free-movement residence, a residence title or toleration, a treaty-based right of residence, asylum Aufenthaltsgestattung, or one of the listed equivalent statuses, subject to statutory exclusions.

ImmigrationDB shows published rules; it does not decide personal eligibility. Confirm your status, contribution record and household circumstances with the responsible authority before applying. Sources checked through 12 Aug 2026.

Can migrants receive medical care in Germany?

Yes — migrants receive medical care through valid health insurance.

Work and EU Blue Card
Employees normally need valid German health insurance; the statutory or private route depends on the applicable insurance rules.
Study
Students need proof of valid health insurance. Age, previous cover and the study route can change the available insurance path.
Family
Eligible spouses and children may use family co-insurance; otherwise they need their own valid cover.
Short stay
EHIC may apply to eligible European visitors; other short stays normally rely on travel medical insurance.
Statutory health insurance rate14.6 %
Verified 2026-08-03. Open the official coverage rules.

Language courses and integration in Germany

Government programmes, public integration services and exact provider records. The section expands only from fields present in the source; missing prices, refunds or contacts are not replaced with estimates.

6verified programmes
46cities with exact local records
1,384verified location records

BAMF Integrationskurse — Integration course

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF)

For eligible migrants.

GermanIn Person

BAMF job-related German courses — Job-related language course

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF)

For migrants needing job-related German.

GermanIn Person

German and integration course guidance in Cologne — Integration course

Stadt Köln / Amt für Integration und Vielfalt / VHS Köln

For immigrants, newcomers.

GermanIn Person

German-course guidance for immigrants in Berlin — Integration course

Land Berlin / Willkommenszentrum

For immigrants, refugees, adult newcomers.

GermanIn Person, Online

Integration courses in Hamburg — Integration course

Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg / Sozialbehörde

For immigrants, refugees, adults without access to federal integration courses.

GermanCEFR B1In Person

Integration courses in Munich — Integration course

Landeshauptstadt München / Servicestelle für Zuwanderung und Einbürgerung

For immigrants with little or no German, adult newcomers.

GermanIn Person
Country programmes describe the national or named local framework. Availability in a city is shown only when a source names that place exactly. Sources checked through 2026-08-10.

All Germany language courses and where they take place

Germany cities by population

The largest published cities appear first. Population is taken from the reusable official city layer; hub labels come from the existing city taxonomy.

Rank Germany's cities by what a salary leaves each month

Open city finder
CityPopulationNet rent, €/m²/monthMedian gross salary, €/month
BerlinCapital hub3,701,307Population7.71Net rent, €/m²/mo4,250Median gross salary, €/mo
HamburgMigration hub1,862,565Population9.94Net rent, €/m²/mo4,300Median gross salary, €/mo
MunichMigration hub1,604,731Population15.38Net rent, €/m²/mo4,800Median gross salary, €/mo
CologneMigration hub1,100,076Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo4,654Median gross salary, €/mo
FrankfurtMigration hub781,337Population10.58Net rent, €/m²/mo5,074Median gross salary, €/mo
DusseldorfMigration hub659,615Population9.24Net rent, €/m²/mo4,933Median gross salary, €/mo
LeipzigMigration hub633,592Population6.27Net rent, €/m²/mo4,012Median gross salary, €/mo
Dortmund612,165Population6.00Net rent, €/m²/mo4,197Median gross salary, €/mo
StuttgartMigration hub605,663Population9.72Net rent, €/m²/mo5,128Median gross salary, €/mo
Essen596,710Population6.72Net rent, €/m²/mo4,387Median gross salary, €/mo
Bremen586,603Population7.75Net rent, €/m²/mo4,082Median gross salary, €/mo
DresdenStudent hub571,510Population7.20Net rent, €/m²/mo4,163Median gross salary, €/mo
Hanover558,767Population7.61Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Nuremberg547,913Population8.21Net rent, €/m²/mo4,241Median gross salary, €/mo
Duisburg506,493Population6.66Net rent, €/m²/mo4,151Median gross salary, €/mo
Bochum375,625Population6.25Net rent, €/m²/mo4,360Median gross salary, €/mo
Wuppertal364,609Population6.10Net rent, €/m²/mo4,104Median gross salary, €/mo
Bielefeld343,507Population6.72Net rent, €/m²/mo4,156Median gross salary, €/mo
BonnMigration hub338,224Population9.09Net rent, €/m²/mo4,798Median gross salary, €/mo
Mannheim329,998Population9.09Net rent, €/m²/mo4,581Median gross salary, €/mo
All published cities in Germany (3,229)

60 of 3,229 shownSearch all cities

Reports with this country

Accepted report pages with a row for this country.

All reports

What different occupation groups earn in Germany

Mean gross monthly earnings by ISCO-08 major group, from the Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (employees in enterprises with 10–49 employees).

Occupation groupEarningsPeriod
Managers≈ 7,202 EUR/month (gross)2022
Professionals≈ 4,646 EUR/month (gross)2022
Technicians and associate professionals≈ 3,237 EUR/month (gross)2022
Clerical support workers≈ 2,845 EUR/month (gross)2022
Service and sales workers≈ 2,234 EUR/month (gross)2022

Source: Eurostat (Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (earn_ses22_25)) · observed 2022 · checked 2026-07-30.

Method and sources for these figures

Mean gross monthly earnings in EUR from the Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (earn_ses22_25); employees in enterprises with 10–49 employees; ISCO-08 major groups.

Eurostat — Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (earn_ses22_25)

An occupation major group (ISCO or national equivalent) is not a job title: each figure is the average across all occupations in the group, so it is never a salary "for" one profession. Rows from different surveys, periods or statistics are shown as separate rows and are never merged or ranked against each other.

Profession pages for Germany: Nurse · Physician · Teacher · Engineer · Architect · Software developer · Accountant · Childcare worker.

Germany facts

Current source-backed observations, grouped the way the city pages are, with geographic scope and observation periods.

Population and profile

How many people live in Germany?

The published population was 83,516,593 people in 2024. Source: World Bank69

National, resident population scope. Foreign-resident and migration-background figures are separate metrics in the table below.

How many foreign residents live in Germany?

The foreign-resident population was 12,392,275 people in 2025. Source: Eurostat16

Residents without Germany citizenship. The migration-background population is a broader measure and appears in the table below.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Foreign residents12,392,275 people31 Dec 2025Eurostat16Official · national figure
Population83,516,593 people31 Dec 2024World Bank69Official · national figure

Legal, tax and other context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average gross earnings4,851 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)63Official · national figure
Rent deposit can be paid in instalments18 Oct 2026Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch §5517Official · national figure
Typical rent deposit3 months8 Oct 2026Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch §5517Official · national figure
Statutory health insurance rate14.6 %3 Aug 2026Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), Germany33Official · national figure
Public healthcare access for foreign residentsConditional3 Aug 2026Gesetze im Internet (Bundesministerium der Justiz), SGB V40Official · national figure
Annual sunshine1,650 hours/year31 Dec 2024DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst10Official · national figure
Annual mean temperature10.4 °C31 Dec 2024DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst10Official · national figure
Area357,680 km²31 Dec 2023World Bank70Official · national figure
Cost level against the capital105.7 index (EU27=100)31 Dec 2024Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx)22Official · national figure
Gross-to-net pay for a sample householdsingle person no children — 66,700 gross → 40,902 net a year (2025, national currency)31 Dec 2025Taxing Wages 2026 — labour taxation decomposition64Official · country household scenario
Population by year83,019,213 people (2019)1 Jan 2019Population on 1 January by age and sex (DEMO_PJAN)62Official · country annual series
Doctors per 1,000 residents4.53 per 1,00031 Dec 2022World Bank indicator SH.MED.PHYS.ZS73Official · national figure
Household electricity price0.387 EUR/kWh31 Dec 2025Eurostat17Official · national figure
People employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing565,000 people2024ec.europa.eu11Official · national figure
People employed in mining and quarrying39,000 people2024ec.europa.eu11Official · national figure
People employed in manufacturing7,413,000 people2024ec.europa.eu11Official · national figure
People employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning303,000 people2024ec.europa.eu11Official · national figure
People employed in water supply, sewerage and waste management307,000 people2024ec.europa.eu11Official · national figure
People employed in construction2,605,000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat18Official · national figure
People employed in wholesale and retail trade; motor vehicle and motorcycle repair5,807,000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat18Official · national figure
People employed in transportation and storage2,411,000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat18Official · national figure
People employed in accommodation and food services1,856,000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat18Official · national figure
People employed in information and communication1,571,000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat18Official · national figure
People employed in finance and insurance1,086,000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat18Official · national figure

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 15, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Länder Sprachförderung (e.g. Sprachlernklassen BW/Berlin; vorklassen); Starting Opportunities Programme. How to enrol a child (kmk.org).

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Settling-in index

How the conditions a newcomer meets in Germany compare with the other 35 scored destinations: integration policy, getting by in English, an established foreign community and language courses. Every point comes from the component table below.

Full ranking and method
Score76 / 100
Rank6 of 36

Above the median on integration policy, getting by in English and the size of the foreign community.

ComponentReadingScore (0–100)WeightAddsSource
Integration policy (MIPEX)81 of 100813535.4MIPEX 2020
Getting by in English (EF EPI)615 EF EPI points832525.9EF EPI 2025
An established foreign community14.8% of residents592014.8Eurostat 2025; population 2024

Working as… in Germany

Open a profession for its available regulation, recognition and work-route evidence.

Regions of Germany

Each region's page lists its published cities with population, rent, salary, unemployment and air quality.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

What is the unemployment rate in Germany?

The national unemployment rate was 3.8 % in 2025. Source: Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a).

How many people live in Germany?

The published population was 83,516,593 people in 2024. Source: World Bank.

What is the median gross salary in Germany?

The median gross salary was 4,013 EUR/month in 2024. Source: Analyse zur Entgeltstatistik 2024.

What is the minimum wage in Germany?

The statutory minimum wage is 12.82 EUR/hour, gross (as of 2025). Source: OECD.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Moving to Germany: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 6e7856929d249efe0831eb40b492ac65]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/countries/germany/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_moving-to-germany-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_38e398b5a370,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Moving to Germany: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {6e7856929d249efe0831eb40b492ac65},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/countries/germany/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Moving to Germany: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/countries/germany/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 6e7856929d249efe0831eb40b492ac65; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

Every number above comes from one of these records. Open the original source for its geographic scope and publication date.

  1. Analyse zur Entgeltstatistik 2024 statistik.arbeitsagentur.de · checked 2026-07-26
  2. Anmeldung für die Wohnung willkommenszentrum.berlin.de · checked 2026-10-08
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  6. Bundesministerium der Justiz — Gesetze im Internet Bundesministerium der Justiz · gesetze-im-internet.de · checked 2026-08-07
  7. Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch §551 gesetze-im-internet.de · checked 2026-10-08
  8. Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality destatis.de · checked 2026-05-28
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Show 71 more sources
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  2. ec.europa.eu ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-12
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  18. Eurostat demo_pjan ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-05
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  20. Eurostat hbs exp t121 ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-06
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  22. Eurostat lfsta_ewhuis — Usual weekly hours of work of full-time employees (sex total, 15-64, employees, main job) Eurostat lfsta_ewhuis · ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-18
  23. Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), Germany bundesgesundheitsministerium.de · checked 2026-08-03
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  27. Germany — public school free Germany · eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-20
  28. Germany — school language support programme Germany · eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-20
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  35. Mindestlohn: Höhe, Anspruch und aktuelle Regelungen - BMAS bmas.de · checked 2026-09-17
  36. MIPEX mirovni-institut.si · checked 2026-08-03
  37. OECD sdmx.oecd.org · checked 2026-08-08
  38. OECD sdmx.oecd.org · checked 2026-08-07
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  41. OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration sdmx.oecd.org · checked 2026-08-03
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  68. Make it in Germany — EU, EEA and Swiss citizens

    Free-movement conditions and the separate Swiss residence-document route. National framework; personal circumstances still apply.

  69. Make it in Germany — visa and residence routes

    National guidance; check the actual route and personal conditions before acting.

  70. Residence Ordinance, §41

    Entry and in-country residence-title applications. The employment limitations remain relevant.

  71. Make it in Germany — registering your address

    National registration obligation with local procedure details; not a residence-permit decision.