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Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5

Halifax, Canada has the lowest pm2.5 — annual mean of the 30 cities compared: 1.9 µg/m³ (Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate., 2024).

JSON Markdown

Published annual PM2.5 observations in µg/m³, ranked from lowest to highest without mixing current readings.

Items compared
30
Countries represented
9
Last checked
2026-08-26

Source-backed answers

Compare each answer with its unit and checked date; the complete source ledger is below.

Showing all 30 rows

Original rankCity or placePublished valueSource and scope
1Halifax, Canada1.9 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
2Campbell River, Canada1.92 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
3Charlottetown, Canada2.08 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
4Langford, Canada2.38 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
5Saanich, Canada2.38 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
6Hilo, United States2.66 µg/m³2026-08-05
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
7Kīhei, United States2.87 µg/m³2026-08-05
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
8City of Sammamish, United States2.87 µg/m³2026-08-06
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
9Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal2.89 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
10Faro, Portugal2.91 µg/m³2026-07-15
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024
11Green Valley, United States2.96 µg/m³2026-08-06
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
12Raahe, Finland2.98 µg/m³2026-08-26
Source Scope: city · Period: 2017-12-31
13Albufeira, Portugal3 µg/m³2026-08-03
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
14Bad Krozingen, Germany3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
15Bastogne, Belgium3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
16Benidorm, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-03
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
17Bodø, Norway3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
18Campello, el, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
19Eidsvoll, Norway3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
20Geraardsbergen, Belgium3 µg/m³2026-08-07
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31
21Grimstad, Norway3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
22Kohtla-Järve, Estonia3 µg/m³2026-07-29
Source Scope: city · Period: 2025-12-31
23Loulé, Portugal3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
24Müllheim im Markgräflerland, Germany3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
25Mutxamel, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
26Olhão, Portugal3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
27Rae vald, Estonia3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
28Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
29Sant Vicent del Raspeig/San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain3 µg/m³2026-08-01
Source Scope: nearest_station · Period: 2024-12-31
30Tallinn, Estonia3 µg/m³2026-07-29
Source Scope: city · Period: 2024-12-31

What the numbers say

  • Halifax, Canada leads at 1.9 µg/m³.
  • Tallinn, Estonia sits at the other end with 3 µg/m³.
  • The middle of this ranking is 3 µg/m³, across 30 places that publish the metric.
  • The spread between first and last is 1.1 µg/m³.

Quick answer

What does Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5 show?

Halifax, Canada has the lowest pm2.5 — annual mean of the 30 cities compared: 1.9 µg/m³ (Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate., 2024).

How this list is built

Every row is a published pm2.5 — annual mean observation, ranked lowest first. The values were observed between 2017 and 2025. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value. Only published cities with at least 20,000 residents and city-level observations qualify.

  • Compare the displayed value, unit, source date and geographic grain together.
  • A city label does not change a regional observation into a city measurement.
Rows
30 places
Geographic grain
2 grains: city, nearest_station
Observation period
2017-12-31 to 2025-12-31
Last checked
2026-08-26
With an official source link
30 of 30

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5 [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 915db011b14c12e1273b52f9018cc9b7]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/reports/cities-with-lowest-pm25/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_cities-with-the-lowest-annual-pm2-5_d3f6baf8ea51,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {915db011b14c12e1273b52f9018cc9b7},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/reports/cities-with-lowest-pm25/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Cities with the lowest annual PM2.5](https://immigrationdb.com/reports/cities-with-lowest-pm25/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 915db011b14c12e1273b52f9018cc9b7; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

  1. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Program · Checked 2026-07-15
  2. U.S. EPA Air Quality System / AirDataU.S. EPA Air Quality System / AirData · Checked 2026-08-05
  3. official validated air-quality station bulk; no exact target station-period input foundEuropean Environment Agency · Checked 2026-07-15
  4. cdn.who.intcdn.who.int · Checked 2026-08-26
  5. European Environment AgencyEuropean Environment Agency · Checked 2026-08-03
  6. EEA air quality statistics — DE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Schwarzwald-Süd)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  7. EEA air quality statistics — BE PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station 43N113 - SAINT-ODE)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  8. EEA air quality statistics — NO PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Olav V gate)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  9. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALACANT - RABASSA)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01
  10. IRCEL/CELINE (Belgian Interregional Environment Agency)IRCEL/CELINE (Belgian Interregional Environment Agency) · Checked 2026-08-07
Show 2 more sources
  1. EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — EE 2025 PM2.5 exact station temporal replacementEuropean Environment Agency · Checked 2026-07-29
  2. EEA air quality statistics — PT PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station Joaquim Magalhães)European Environment Agency (EEA) · Checked 2026-08-01