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Living in Córdoba

In Córdoba, rent averages €6.60 per m² a month (2022) and unemployment is 19.6% (2024).

Córdoba had 323,262 residents at the start of 2025 and is a city in Spain. For Córdoba, the foreign population was 12,625 at the start of 2024. Gigabit broadband availability was 97.7% in 2025.

Last checked 2026-09-1930 sources

Population323,262people1 Jan 2025Official source · Córdoba - official stats
Median gross salary (region)1,796EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
Average net rent6.6EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.10 — 29% aboveOfficial source · cdn.mivau.gob.es
Unemployment rate19.55%country median 4.4% — 345% aboveOfficial source · INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city
Recorded crime5,095offences per 100,000country median 4,281 — 19% aboveOfficial source · Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows
PM2.5, annual mean10.6µg/m³country median 8.7 — 22% aboveOfficial source · EEA City Trend — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair

Pricier rent than 71% of Spanish cities that publish it, higher unemployment than any other Spanish city that publishes it and more recorded crime than 68% of Spanish cities that publish it.

Which Spain-wide rules apply when you move to Córdoba?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Córdoba?

Average net cold rent is 6.6 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 6.6 EUR/m²/month · cdn.mivau.gob.es4
What recurs every month3 published recurring costs, € per month
Córdoba recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Transport pass€20
Internet, 60 Mbps€20
Mobile plan, 10 GB€12
Net rent across major citiesCórdoba highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Córdoba highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Madrid€14.00
Barcelona€13.70
Bilbao€11.50
Palma€9.80
Córdoba€6.60
Murcia€5.80
Show the other 6 cities
Málaga€9.60
Seville€9.20
Valencia€8.20
Zaragoza€7.70
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria€7.30
Alicante€7.10
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited20 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 300 Mbps fibre7Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB12 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 100GB mobile plan6Official · national market
Monthly transport pass20 EUR/month13 Sept 2026AUCORSA / Ayuntamiento de Córdoba2Official
Dwellings155,457 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain21Official
G05 Main Residential Dwellings122,724 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain21Official
G05 Secondary Seasonal Vacant Dwellings32,730 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain21Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)6.6 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.1031 Dec 2022cdn.mivau.gob.es4Official
Official reference rent (median)540 EUR/month31 Dec 2024SERPAVI — VDP001_01 — rental price and surface indicators by municipality26Official

Is Córdoba a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker60%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 52–68%
Skilled employee63%strong on work, weak on education · range 55–71%
Student62%strong on cost, weak on education · range 53–71%
Family52%strong on family, weak on education · range 44–60%
Retirement52%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 43–61%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 396 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 6.6 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2022

Work and income

The unemployment rate was 19.6% in 2024.

What is the unemployment rate in Córdoba?

The unemployment rate is about 19.6 % (2024).

  • Unemployment rate: 19.55 % · INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city16
Unemployment across cities in SpainUnemployment in Córdoba is 19.6%. Of 1,361 cities with data, 844 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Gigabit broadband availability97.75 %30 Jun 2025SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-202527Official
Public employment offices5 count15 Sept 2026SAE — Córdoba employment offices25Official
People in employment120,267 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain21Official
Median gross salary (regional)1,796 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)17Official · regional context
Unemployment rate19.55 %country median 4.4%31 Dec 2024INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city16Official
Unemployment rate over time10 published observations, 2015–2024

Unemployment rate fell 41.6% between 2015 and 2024, from 33.5% to 19.6%.

What does a salary buy in Córdoba?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €1,796 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,015of €1,463 take-home
  • Rent
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€1,463
Rent, 60 m²€6.60/m² · official · cdn.mivau.gob.es · 2022-12-31− €396
Public transport pass€20 · official · AUCORSA / Ayuntamiento de Córdoba · 2026-09-13− €20
Utilities, 85 m²not published for this city—
Internet€20 · official · DIGI 300 Mbps fibre · 2026-09-30− €20
Mobile plan€12 · official · DIGI 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €12
Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish€1,015
Take-home pay for other salaries and households

Public employment offices in Córdoba

SAE lists 5 public employment offices in Córdoba (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.

Office count verified

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal — Public employment service

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE)

Job SearchUnemployment ClaimTraining

The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents517.9 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2025Ministerio de Sanidad – Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales 202522Official
Hospitals8 count31 Dec 2025Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales 202522Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Córdoba under the national coverage rules.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents517.9 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-08-03
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Córdoba?

Police recorded about 5,095 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

  • Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 5,095 offences per 100,000 · Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows3
Recorded crime across major citiesCórdoba highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Córdoba highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Pamplona7,766
Alicante7,419
Murcia5,289
Córdoba5,095
Melilla5,090
Vitoria-Gasteiz4,916
Cartagena4,578
Castellón de la Plana4,251
Elche4,043
Lorca3,706
Logroño3,690
Burgos3,628
MetricValuePeriodSource
Burglaries per 100,000 residents107.7 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025ES-MinInterior-1509012-2025Q411Official
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents5,095 offences per 100,000country median 4,28131 Dec 2024Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows3Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents144.8 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025ES-MinInterior-1509012-2025Q411Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Nearest airportODB13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv24Official
Distance to nearest airport8.1 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv24Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Córdoba. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas — public language education network — State Language Course

Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports / autonomous education authorities

For adult language learners, residents.

In Person, Online, Hybridvaries
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Córdoba.

Find courses near Córdoba

Climate and air quality

Monthly mean temperatures were 9.4°C in January and 28.1°C in July. Monthly precipitation was 57.6 mm in January and 0.5 mm in July. Annual PM2.5 was 10.6 µg/m³ at the end of 2024.

Is the air quality good in Córdoba?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 10.6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA City Trend — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair10

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in SpainAnnual PM2.5 in Córdoba is 10.6 µg/m³. Of 269 cities with data, 57 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean21 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station AVDA. AL-NASIR)8Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean26 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station AVDA. AL-NASIR)9Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean10.6 µg/m³country median 8.731 Dec 2024EEA City Trend — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair10Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 15.2 · Feb 17.4 · Mar 20.9 · Apr 23.5 · May 28.1 · Jun 33.4 · Jul 37.1 · Aug 36.9 · Sep 31.8 · Oct 25.8 · Nov 19.1 · Dec 15.9 °C31 Dec 2020AEMET climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, CÓRDOBA/AEROPUERTO, 1991-20201Official
Average night-time low by monthJan 3.7 · Feb 4.7 · Mar 7.4 · Apr 9.6 · May 12.9 · Jun 16.8 · Jul 19.1 · Aug 19.6 · Sep 17 · Oct 13.1 · Nov 7.7 · Dec 5.1 °C31 Dec 2020AEMET climate normal — mean monthly minimum air temperature, CÓRDOBA/AEROPUERTO, 1991-20201Official
Average temperature by monthJan 9.4 · Feb 11.1 · Mar 14.2 · Apr 16.6 · May 20.5 · Jun 25.1 · Jul 28.1 · Aug 28.3 · Sep 24.4 · Oct 19.4 · Nov 13.4 · Dec 10.5 °C31 Dec 2020AEMET climate normal — mean monthly air temperature, CÓRDOBA/AEROPUERTO, 1991-20201Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 57.6 · Feb 52.7 · Mar 62.5 · Apr 54.3 · May 42.4 · Jun 11 · Jul 0.5 · Aug 6.7 · Sep 36.7 · Oct 78.7 · Nov 79.2 · Dec 90.7 mm31 Dec 2020AEMET climate normal — mean monthly total precipitation, CÓRDOBA/AEROPUERTO, 1991-20201Official
Average sunshine by monthJan 5.6 · Feb 6.6 · Mar 7 · Apr 8.2 · May 9.4 · Jun 11.1 · Jul 12 · Aug 11.1 · Sep 8.4 · Oct 7 · Nov 6.1 · Dec 5 hours31 Dec 2020AEMET climate normal — mean monthly sunshine duration, CÓRDOBA/AEROPUERTO, 1991-20201Official

Population and city profile

How many people live in Córdoba?

The published population was 323,262 people in January 2025. Source: Córdoba - official stats5

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Cars per 1,000 residents448.8 cars per 1000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat12Official
City area1,255 km²31 Dec 2024Eurostat GISCO, European Commission14Official
Foreign-resident share3.9 %31 Dec 2024Eurostat13Official
Foreign residents12,625 people1 Jan 2024Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España.23Official
Population density259 people/km²31 Dec 2024Eurostat GISCO / Eurostat Urban Audit14Official
Population Female168,449 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)18Official
Population Male155,314 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)18Official
Population323,262 people1 Jan 2025Córdoba - official stats5Official
Population over time25 published observations, 2001–2025

Population rose 4.9% between 2001 and 2025, from 308,072 to 323,262.

Foreign residents over time10 published observations, 2015–2024

Foreign residents rose 65.8% between 2015 and 2024, from 7,614 to 12,625.

International community in Córdoba

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL322,327100.0%
Spain307,30195.3%
South America5,2241.6%
European Union (without Spain)2,9420.9%
Africa2,0030.6%
Central America and Caribbean1,8100.6%
Rent of Europe1,4180.4%
Asia1,2160.4%
North America3540.1%
Oceania590.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source19

Citizenship

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL322,327100.0%
Spanish313,48397.3%
South America2,2660.7%
European Union (without Spain)1,6840.5%
Africa1,3020.4%
Central America and Caribbean1,2590.4%
Rent of Europe1,0790.3%
Asia1,0750.3%
North America1640.1%
Oceania100.0%
Statelens50.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source20

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Households122,724 households31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain21Official
Labour Supply Count158,601 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain21Official

Alternatives for people set on Córdoba

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Fernán-Núñez as a Córdoba alternative in the same region

25 km away, better on 1 of 4 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Rent: €3.60/m² Fernán-Núñez vs €6.60/m² Córdoba−45%
  • Nearest airport: 22.0 km Fernán-Núñez vs 8.1 km Córdoba+172%
  • Residents: 9,670 Fernán-Núñez vs 323,262 Córdoba−97%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,750 Fernán-Núñez vs 5,095 Córdobano percentage
  • Median gross pay, region: €1,796 Fernán-Núñez vs €1,796 Córdobasame level

Vitoria-Gasteiz as a Córdoba alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 579 km, better on 4 of 5 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0. Rent and foreign residents cannot be compared like for like.

  • Median gross pay, region: €2,659 Vitoria-Gasteiz vs €1,796 Córdoba+48%
  • Unemployment: 8.6% Vitoria-Gasteiz vs 19.6% Córdoba−56%
  • Rent: €9.50/m² (2024) Vitoria-Gasteiz vs €6.60/m² (2022) Córdobano percentage
  • Annual PM2.5: 8.1 µg/m³ Vitoria-Gasteiz vs 10.6 µg/m³ Córdoba−24%
  • Nearest airport: 5.8 km Vitoria-Gasteiz vs 8.1 km Córdoba−28%
  • Foreign residents: 11.7% Vitoria-Gasteiz vs 3.9% Córdobano percentage
  • Residents: 260,699 Vitoria-Gasteiz vs 323,262 Córdoba−19%

Tallinn as a Córdoba alternative in another country

A move, not a commute, at 3180 km, better on 2 of 2 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0. Rent and median gross pay, region cannot be compared like for like.

  • Annual PM2.5: 3.0 µg/m³ Tallinn vs 10.6 µg/m³ Córdoba−72%
  • Rent: €7.33/m² (2008) Tallinn vs €6.60/m² (2022) Córdobano percentage
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,068 (2025) Tallinn vs €1,796 (2024) Córdobano percentage
  • Nearest airport: 5.6 km Tallinn vs 8.1 km Córdoba−31%

Cities near Córdoba

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Almodóvar del Río Commuting Zone · 22.8 km away
Rent
3.6 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Fernán-Núñez Commuting Zone · 24.9 km away
Rent
3.6 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31

Alternative cities in Spain

Other cities in Spain to compare with Córdoba, nearest in population first.

All Spain cities

How does Córdoba compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Córdoba's.

Córdoba in rankings

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Regional reception programmes (aulas de enlace Madrid / aules d acollida Catalonia etc). How to enrol a child (educacionfpydeportes.gob.es).

A country-wide rule for Spain; Córdoba's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Córdoba?

The published population was 323,262 people in January 2025. Source: Córdoba - official stats.

How much does it cost to rent in Córdoba?

Average net cold rent is 6.6 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 462 EUR a month before utilities. Source: cdn.mivau.gob.es.

Is the air quality good in Córdoba?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 10.6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA City Trend — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair.

How safe is Córdoba?

Police recorded about 5,095 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows.

What is the unemployment rate in Córdoba?

The unemployment rate is about 19.6 % (2024). Source: INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city.

What is the typical salary around Córdoba?

The median gross salary is 1,796 EUR/month. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).

Is Córdoba a good place to live?

Córdoba may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Córdoba?

Almodóvar del Río, Fernán-Núñez are near Córdoba. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Africa live in Córdoba?

The official country of birth distribution records 2,003 people (0.6%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 19). Córdoba, Spain: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 51cedc26459b25b4d84dd11b1b518030]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/cordoba/ Retrieved 2026-09-19. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_cordoba-spain-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_cd09f20a6b47,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Córdoba, Spain: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-19},
  version = {51cedc26459b25b4d84dd11b1b518030},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/cordoba/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-19. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Córdoba, Spain: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/cordoba/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 51cedc26459b25b4d84dd11b1b518030; retrieved 2026-09-19; built 2026-09-19.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. AEMET climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, CÓRDOBA/AEROPUERTO, 1991-2020 AEMET climate normal · aemet.es · checked 2026-07-27
  2. AUCORSA / Ayuntamiento de Córdoba aucorsa.es · checked 2026-09-15
  3. Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 · estadisticasdecriminalidad.ses.mir.es · checked 2026-07-26
  4. cdn.mivau.gob.es cdn.mivau.gob.es · checked 2026-08-26
  5. Córdoba - official stats ine.es · checked 2026-07-14
  6. DIGI 100GB mobile plan digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  7. DIGI 300 Mbps fibre digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  8. EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station AVDA. AL-NASIR) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  9. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station AVDA. AL-NASIR) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  10. EEA City Trend — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair EEA City Trend · eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-29
Show 20 more sources
  1. ES-MinInterior-1509012-2025Q4 estadisticasdecriminalidad.ses.mir.es · checked 2026-09-15
  2. Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-03
  3. Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-02
  4. Eurostat GISCO, European Commission gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-03
  5. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  6. INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city INE Urban Indicators · servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-07-26
  7. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-06
  8. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  9. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
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  11. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  12. Ministerio de Sanidad – Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales 2025 sanidad.gob.es · checked 2026-08-03
  13. Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España. ine.es · checked 2024-01-01
  14. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  15. SAE — Córdoba employment offices SAE · ws054.juntadeandalucia.es · checked 2026-09-15
  16. SERPAVI — VDP001_01 — rental price and surface indicators by municipality SERPAVI · cdn.mivau.gob.es · checked 2026-09-12
  17. SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-2025 digital.gob.es · checked 2025-06-30
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.