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Living in San Fernando

In San Fernando, the statutory reference rent is €6.10 per m² a month (2022) and unemployment is 20.3% (2024).

Gigabit broadband availability was 99.7% in 2025. At the end of 2024, annual PM2.5 was 7 µg/m³. The population of San Fernando, in Spain, was 93,338 at the start of 2025. The unemployment rate was 20.3% in 2024.

Last checked 2026-09-1934 sources

Population93,338people1 Jan 2025Official source · San Fernando - official stats
Median gross salary (region)1,796EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
Average net rent6.1EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.10 — 20% aboveOfficial source · cdn.mivau.gob.es
Unemployment rate20.33%country median 4.4% — 363% aboveOfficial source · INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city
Recorded crime4,291incidents per 100,000country median 4,281 — about the sameOfficial source · MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.
PM2.5, annual mean7µg/m³country median 8.7 — 19% belowOfficial source · EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair

Pricier rent than 66% of Spanish cities that publish it, higher unemployment than any other Spanish city that publishes it and cleaner air than 83% of Spanish cities that publish it.

Which Spain-wide rules apply when you move to San Fernando?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in SpainNational rates and thresholds that apply in San Fernando.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in San Fernando?

Average net cold rent is 6.1 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 6.1 EUR/m²/month · cdn.mivau.gob.es1
What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
San Fernando recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€20
Mobile plan, 10 GB€12
Net rent across major citiesSan Fernando highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with San Fernando highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Madrid€14.00
Barcelona€13.70
Bilbao€11.50
Palma€9.80
San Fernando€6.10
Murcia€5.80
Show the other 6 cities
Málaga€9.60
Seville€9.20
Valencia€8.20
Zaragoza€7.70
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria€7.30
Alicante€7.10
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited20 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 300 Mbps fibre3Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB12 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 100GB mobile plan2Official · national market
Dwellings39,564 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain16Official
Main residence dwellings34,878 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain16Official
Secondary, seasonal or vacant dwellings4,686 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain16Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)6.1 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.1031 Dec 2022cdn.mivau.gob.es1Official
Official reference rent (median)500 EUR/month31 Dec 2024SERPAVI — VDP001_01 — rental price and surface indicators by municipality23Official

Is San Fernando a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker63%strong on work, weak on safety · range 55–71%
Skilled employee62%strong on work, weak on education · range 54–70%
Student63%strong on cost, weak on education · range 54–72%
Family49%strong on safety, weak on education · range 41–57%
Retirement58%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 49–67%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 366 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 6.1 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2022

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in San Fernando?

The unemployment rate is about 20.3 % (2024).

  • Unemployment rate: 20.33 % · INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city11
Unemployment across cities in SpainUnemployment in San Fernando is 20.3%. Of 1,361 cities with data, 844 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Gigabit broadband availability99.7 %30 Jun 2025SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-202524Official
People in employment30,801 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain16Official
Median gross salary (regional)1,796 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)12Official · regional context
Unemployment rate20.33 %country median 4.4%31 Dec 2024INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city11Official
Unemployment rate over time10 published observations, 2015–2024

Unemployment rate fell 42.3% between 2015 and 2024, from 35.2% to 20.3%.

What does a salary buy in San Fernando?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €1,796 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,065of €1,463 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€1,463
Rent, 60 m²€6.10/m² · official · cdn.mivau.gob.es · 2022-12-31− €366
Internet€20 · official · DIGI 300 Mbps fibre · 2026-09-30− €20
Mobile plan€12 · official · DIGI 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €12
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€1,065
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in San Fernando Salary needed to live in San Fernando

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to San Fernando. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal — Public employment service

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE)

Job SearchUnemployment ClaimTraining
Search jobs
Open the Spain service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in San Fernando. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents69.3 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2025Ministerio de Sanidad – Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales 202517Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in San Fernando under the national coverage rules.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents69.3 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-08-03
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is San Fernando?

Police recorded about 4,291 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.18

Recorded crime across major citiesSan Fernando highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with San Fernando highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Pamplona7,766
Alicante7,419
Murcia5,289
Córdoba5,095
Melilla5,090
Vitoria-Gasteiz4,916
Cartagena4,578
Castellón de la Plana4,251
Elche4,043
Lorca3,706
Logroño3,690
Burgos3,628
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents4,291 incidents per 100,000country median 4,281 — about the same31 Dec 2024MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.18Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport15 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat20Official
Nearest airportXRY13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv21Official
Distance to nearest airport33.4 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv21Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for San Fernando. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas — public language education network — State Language Course

Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports / autonomous education authorities

For adult language learners, residents.

In Person, Online, HybridCost varies
Open official information
Open the full Spain section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in San Fernando.

Find courses near San Fernando

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in San Fernando?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 7 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair4

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in SpainAnnual PM2.5 in San Fernando is 7.0 µg/m³. Of 269 cities with data, 57 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean9 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station SAN FERNANDO)5Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean20 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station RIO SAN PEDRO)6Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean7 µg/m³country median 8.731 Dec 2024EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair4Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 16.2 · Feb 16.9 · Mar 18.7 · Apr 20.3 · May 22.9 · Jun 25.6 · Jul 27.7 · Aug 28.2 · Sep 26.1 · Oct 23.6 · Nov 19.6 · Dec 17.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station CÁDIZ25Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 9.6 · Feb 10.5 · Mar 12.4 · Apr 14.2 · May 16.7 · Jun 19.8 · Jul 21.7 · Aug 22.4 · Sep 20.5 · Oct 17.6 · Nov 13.4 · Dec 10.9 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station CÁDIZ25Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 12.9 · Feb 13.7 · Mar 15.6 · Apr 17.2 · May 19.8 · Jun 22.7 · Jul 24.7 · Aug 25.3 · Sep 23.3 · Oct 20.6 · Nov 16.5 · Dec 14 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station CÁDIZ25Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 63.5 · Feb 51.6 · Mar 56.4 · Apr 42.9 · May 30.7 · Jun 6.6 · Jul 0.2 · Aug 1.8 · Sep 27.9 · Oct 73.6 · Nov 87.6 · Dec 79.5 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station CÁDIZ25Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 177.2 · Feb 191.6 · Mar 238.4 · Apr 266.6 · May 323.8 · Jun 351.1 · Jul 375.4 · Aug 343.8 · Sep 271.7 · Oct 228.5 · Nov 181.5 · Dec 162.5 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station ROTA B.N.OBSERVATORIO'26Official · nearest-station reading

Similar climate. In Spain: Dos Hermanas ±3.1 °C. Elsewhere: Downey (United States) ±2.1 °C, Almada (Portugal) ±2.0 °C, Amadora (Portugal) ±2.0 °C, Oeiras (Portugal) ±2.0 °C, Houston (United States) ±3.3 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

How many people live in San Fernando?

The published population was 93,338 people in January 2025. Source: San Fernando - official stats22

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Cars per 1,000 residents438.1 cars per 1000 people31 Dec 2024Eurostat7Official
City area29.99 km²31 Dec 2024Eurostat GISCO, European Commission9Official
Foreign-resident share1.9 %31 Dec 2024Eurostat8Official
Foreign residents1,743 people1 Jan 2024Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España.19Official
Population density3,127 people/km²31 Dec 2024Eurostat GISCO / Eurostat Urban Audit9Official
Female residents48,207 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)13Official
Male residents45,720 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)13Official
Population93,338 people1 Jan 2025San Fernando - official stats22Official
Population over time16 published observations, 2010–2025

Population fell 3.5% between 2010 and 2025, from 96,689 to 93,338.

Foreign residents over time12 published observations, 2013–2024

Foreign residents rose 37.7% between 2013 and 2024, from 1,266 to 1,743.

International community in San Fernando

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL94,952100.0%
Spain92,35297.3%
South America8080.9%
Africa6300.7%
European Union (without Spain)4490.5%
Central America and Caribbean2960.3%
Asia2050.2%
Rent of Europe1410.1%
North America610.1%
Oceania100.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Citizenship

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL94,952100.0%
Spanish93,51798.5%
Africa3940.4%
South America2850.3%
European Union (without Spain)2740.3%
Central America and Caribbean2010.2%
Asia1780.2%
Rent of Europe700.1%
North America290.0%
Statelens30.0%
Oceania10.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source15

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Households34,878 households31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain16Official
Labour force43,548 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain16Official

Alternatives for people set on San Fernando

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Jerez de la Frontera as a San Fernando alternative in the same region

27 km away, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 347.6 Jerez de la Frontera vs 69.3 San Fernando+402%
  • Foreign residents: 4.1% Jerez de la Frontera vs 1.9% San Fernando+116%
  • Residents: 213,634 Jerez de la Frontera vs 93,338 San Fernando+129%
  • Nearest airport: 7.1 km Jerez de la Frontera vs 33.4 km San Fernando−79%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 5,246 Jerez de la Frontera vs 4,291 San Fernando+22%
  • Rent: €5.70/m² Jerez de la Frontera vs €6.10/m² San Fernando−7%
  • Unemployment: 21.8% Jerez de la Frontera vs 20.3% San Fernando+7%
Full comparisonMore about Jerez de la Frontera

Lugo as a San Fernando alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 737 km, better on 5 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 1,002.8 Lugo vs 69.3 San Fernando+1347%
  • Foreign residents: 8.4% Lugo vs 1.9% San Fernando+342%
  • Unemployment: 8.0% Lugo vs 20.3% San Fernando−61%
  • Rent: €4.30/m² Lugo vs €6.10/m² San Fernando−30%
  • Nearest airport: 71.0 km Lugo vs 33.4 km San Fernando+113%
  • Annual PM2.5: 8.0 µg/m³ Lugo vs 7.0 µg/m³ San Fernando+14%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,948 Lugo vs 4,291 San Fernando−8%
Full comparisonMore about Lugo

Tallinn as a San Fernando alternative in another country

A move, not a commute, at 3381 km, better on 2 of 2 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0. Rent and median gross pay, region cannot be compared like for like.

  • Annual PM2.5: 3.0 µg/m³ Tallinn vs 7.0 µg/m³ San Fernando−57%
  • Rent: €7.33/m² (2008) Tallinn vs €6.10/m² (2022) San Fernandono percentage
  • Nearest airport: 5.6 km Tallinn vs 33.4 km San Fernando−83%
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,068 (2025) Tallinn vs €1,796 (2024) San Fernandono percentage
Full comparisonMore about Tallinn

Cities near San Fernando

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Puerto Real Commuting Zone · 7.0 km away
Rent
6 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Cádiz 11.5 km away
Rent
8.4 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Rota 22.4 km away
Rent
6.8 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Medina Sidonia 24.5 km away
Rent
3.9 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31

Alternative cities in Spain

Other cities in Spain to compare with San Fernando, nearest in population first.

All Spain cities
Guadalajara92,834 residentsCornellà de Llobregat92,237 residentsMijas95,104 residentsEl Ejido91,440 residentsChiclana de la Frontera90,864 residentsCáceres96,651 residents

How does San Fernando compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays San Fernando's.

Open the full comparison

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Regional reception programmes (aulas de enlace Madrid / aules d acollida Catalonia etc). How to enrol a child (educacionfpydeportes.gob.es).

A country-wide rule for Spain; San Fernando's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Put San Fernando's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in San Fernando?

The published population was 93,338 people in January 2025. Source: San Fernando - official stats.

How much does it cost to rent in San Fernando?

Average net cold rent is 6.1 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 427 EUR a month before utilities. Source: cdn.mivau.gob.es.

Is the air quality good in San Fernando?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 7 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair.

How safe is San Fernando?

Police recorded about 4,291 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator..

What is the unemployment rate in San Fernando?

The unemployment rate is about 20.3 % (2024). Source: INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city.

What is the typical salary around San Fernando?

The median gross salary is 1,796 EUR/month. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).

Is San Fernando a good place to live?

San Fernando may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near San Fernando?

Puerto Real, Chiclana de la Frontera, Cádiz, El Puerto de Santa María, Rota are near San Fernando. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Spain live in San Fernando?

The official country of birth distribution records 92,352 people (97.3%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). San Fernando, Spain: population, rent, salary, jobs, safety [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 44afe7d5ef379e4333b8d0c579de4150]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/san-fernando/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_san-fernando-spain-population-rent-salary-jobs-safety_908236e7ecbf,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {San Fernando, Spain: population, rent, salary, jobs, safety},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {44afe7d5ef379e4333b8d0c579de4150},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/san-fernando/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[San Fernando, Spain: population, rent, salary, jobs, safety](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/san-fernando/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 44afe7d5ef379e4333b8d0c579de4150; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. cdn.mivau.gob.es cdn.mivau.gob.es · checked 2026-08-26
  2. DIGI 100GB mobile plan digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  3. DIGI 300 Mbps fibre digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  4. EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — Spain 2024 PM2.5 provenance repair EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-29
  5. EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station SAN FERNANDO) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  6. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station RIO SAN PEDRO) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  7. Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-03
  8. Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-02
  9. Eurostat GISCO, European Commission gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-03
  10. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
Show 24 more sources
  1. INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city INE Urban Indicators · servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-07-26
  2. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-06
  3. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  4. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
  5. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
  6. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  7. Ministerio de Sanidad – Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales 2025 sanidad.gob.es · checked 2026-08-03
  8. MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator. estadisticasdecriminalidad.ses.mir.es · checked 2026-07-16
  9. Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España. ine.es · checked 2024-01-01
  10. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  11. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  12. San Fernando - official stats ine.es · checked 2026-07-14
  13. SERPAVI — VDP001_01 — rental price and surface indicators by municipality SERPAVI · cdn.mivau.gob.es · checked 2026-09-12
  14. SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-2025 digital.gob.es · checked 2025-06-30
  15. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station CÁDIZ WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  16. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station ROTA B.N.OBSERVATORIO' WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.