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Living in Besançon

In Besançon, rents across existing tenancies average €9.40 per m² a month (2023) and unemployment is 14.8% (2022).

The unemployment rate was 14.8% at the end of 2022. Besançon had a population of 118,489 at the start of 2023. For Besançon, a city-level estimate placed average net cold rent at €9.4 per m² per month at the start of 2023.

Last checked 2026-09-2430 sources

Population118,489people1 Jan 2023Official source · INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune
Median gross salary (region)2,580EUR/month31 Dec 2022Official source · www.insee.fr
Average net rent9.4EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.60 — 19% belowIndependent source · Official city-level rent observatory/statistics source
Unemployment rate14.84%country median 11.0% — 35% aboveOfficial source · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune
Recorded crime6,646incidents per 100,000country median 4,740 — 40% aboveOfficial source · Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)
PM2.5, annual mean7.12µg/m³country median 8.5 — 16% belowOfficial source · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.

Cheaper rent than 80% of French cities that publish it, higher unemployment than 77% of French cities that publish it and more recorded crime than 83% of French cities that publish it.

Which France-wide rules apply when you move to Besançon?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in FranceNational rates and thresholds that apply in Besançon.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Besançon?

Average net cold rent is 9.4 EUR/m² per month (January 2023), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 9.4 EUR/m²/month · Official city-level rent observatory/statistics source30
What recurs every month5 published recurring costs, € per month
Besançon recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Utilities, 85 m² flat€100
Fitness club€49
Transport pass€28
Internet, 60 Mbps€25
Mobile plan, 10 GB€20

Supplemental estimate lane, not official statistics: Utilities, 85 m² flat, Transport pass, Fitness club, Internet, 60 Mbps. The others are published prices.

Net rent across major citiesBesançon highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Besançon highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Paris€26.30
Nice€20.43
Lyon€16.57
Marseille€16.30
Toulouse€13.98
Besançon€9.40
Show the other 6 cities
Bordeaux€15.99
Lille€15.76
Strasbourg€15.57
Montpellier€15.49
Rennes€14.87
Nantes€14.50
MetricValuePeriodSource
Fitness club membership, monthly48.76 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited24.88 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant13.93 EUR31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB19.99 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Orange 100GB mobile plan22Official · national market
Monthly transport pass27.86 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home99.51 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v229Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Housing vacancy rate (legacy series)6,931 %31 Dec 2023INSEE9Official
Dwellings73,009 dwellings31 Dec 2023INSEE10Official
Main residence dwellings64,220 dwellings31 Dec 2023INSEE10Official
Housing vacancy rate9.49 %31 Dec 2023Logement en 2023 - Commune - France hors Mayotte16Official
Residential property price per m²2,253 EUR/m²31 Jul 2025Statistiques DVF — sales and median price per m² by period and geographic scale26Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)9.4 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.601 Jan 2023Official city-level rent observatory/statistics source30Independent

Is Besançon a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker50%strong on work, weak on safety · range 42–58%
Skilled employee61%strong on work, weak on safety · range 53–69%
Student64%strong on education, weak on work · range 57–71%
Family54%strong on family, weak on cost · range 47–61%
Retirement51%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 42–60%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 564 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 9.4 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: January 2023

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Besançon?

The unemployment rate is about 14.8 % (2022).

  • Unemployment rate: 14.84 % · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune13
Unemployment across cities in FranceUnemployment in Besançon is 14.8%. Of 2,240 cities with data, 898 have unemployment of 5 to under 10%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fibre-to-the-building availability95.4 %3 Aug 2026Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse)3Official
Gigabit broadband availability96.31 %31 Mar 2026Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage.8Official
Median gross salary (regional)2,580 EUR/month31 Dec 2022www.insee.fr28Official
Unemployment rate14.84 %country median 11.0%31 Dec 2022INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune13Official
Unemployment rate over time10 published observations, 2013–2022

Unemployment rate fell 13.4% between 2013 and 2022, from 17.1% to 14.8%.

What does a salary buy in Besançon?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €2,580 (insee.fr, 2022-12-31).
Left over each month€1,231of €1,967 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€1,967
Rent, 60 m²€9.40/m² · official · Official city-level rent observatory/statistics source · 2023-01-01− €564
Public transport pass€28 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €28
Utilities, 85 m²€100 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €100
Internet€25 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €25
Mobile plan€20 · official · Orange 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €20
Left over€1,231
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Besançon Salary needed to live in Besançon

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Besançon. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information
Open the France service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Besançon. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Schools110 schools27 May 2026RNEE exact Code_commune; etat=OUVERT; code_nature 100-199 or 300-399; unique UAI count.24Official · commune
Primary schools70 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)18Official
Schools130 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)18Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 3 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: UPE2A (unités pédagogiques pour élèves allophones nouvellement arrivés) + UPE2A-NSA variant. How to enrol a child (education.gouv.fr).

A country-wide rule for France; Besançon's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents132.5 per 100,000 people31 Dec 2024INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence11Official
GP practices50 count16 Sept 2026Annuaire Santé — RPPS authorized-practice extract2Official
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents1,325 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2011DREES / DGOS – Statistique Annuelle des Établissements de Santé (SAE) 20114Official
Hospitals16 count4 May 2026FINESS Extraction du fichier des établissements6Official
Pharmacies40 count4 May 2026FINESS Extraction du fichier des établissements6Official
Physicians per 100,000 residents132.5 per 100,00031 Dec 2024INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence11Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Besançon when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents1,325 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-08-03
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Besançon?

Police recorded about 6,646 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)7

Recorded crime across major citiesBesançon highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Besançon highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Lille13,488
Lyon13,026
Bordeaux12,429
Marseille11,857
Paris10,987
Montpellier9,636
Toulouse8,875
Rennes8,241
Strasbourg7,791
Nantes7,704
Nice7,577
Besançon6,646
MetricValuePeriodSource
Burglaries per 100,000 residents283.4 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025FR-SSMSI-communal-20257Official
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents6,646 incidents per 100,000country median 4,74031 Dec 2025Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)7Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents1,375 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025FR-SSMSI-communal-20257Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport3 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights21Official
Nearest airportDLE3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official
Distance to nearest airport50 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Besançon. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Contrat d’intégration républicaine (CIR) — Integration course

État français and OFII

For eligible non-EU foreign residents.

FrenchIn Person
Open official information

DIAN language-training offer finder — Other

Réseau des Carif-Oref and DIAN

For people seeking French-language training.

FrenchIn Person, Online
Open official information
Open the full France section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Besançon.

Find courses near Besançon

Climate and air quality

Average high temperatures were 5.8°C in January and 25.7°C in July. Monthly precipitation was 89.7 mm in January and 88.8 mm in July. Annual PM2.5 was 7.12 µg/m³ in 2024.

Is the air quality good in Besançon?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 7.1 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 7.12 µg/m³ · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in FranceAnnual PM2.5 in Besançon is 7.1 µg/m³. Of 1,975 cities with data, 626 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean12.65 µg/m³country median 14.820242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official
NO₂ — latest reading12.45 µg/m³15 Jul 2026Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata.15Official
PM10 — annual mean11.68 µg/m³country median 14.220242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official
PM2.5 — annual mean7.12 µg/m³country median 8.520242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 5.8 · Feb 7.6 · Mar 12.1 · Apr 16.1 · May 19.9 · Jun 23.6 · Jul 25.7 · Aug 25.5 · Sep 21 · Oct 16.1 · Nov 10 · Dec 6.4 °C31 Dec 2020Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, BESANCON, 1991-202017Official
Average night-time low by monthJan 0.1 · Feb 0.2 · Mar 3 · Apr 5.6 · May 9.4 · Jun 12.9 · Jul 14.7 · Aug 14.5 · Sep 11.1 · Oct 7.7 · Nov 3.5 · Dec 0.9 °C31 Dec 2020Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly minimum air temperature, BESANCON, 1991-202017Official
Average temperature by monthJan 2.9 · Feb 3.9 · Mar 7.5 · Apr 10.8 · May 14.6 · Jun 18.2 · Jul 20.2 · Aug 20 · Sep 16 · Oct 11.9 · Nov 6.7 · Dec 3.7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station BESANCON27Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 89.7 · Feb 81.2 · Mar 85 · Apr 86.6 · May 107.9 · Jun 97.5 · Jul 88.8 · Aug 96.1 · Sep 100.7 · Oct 111.7 · Nov 106.5 · Dec 105.3 mm31 Dec 2020Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly precipitation, BESANCON, 1991-202017Official
Average sunshine by monthJan 68.38 · Feb 96.82 · Mar 152.8 · Apr 183.8 · May 208 · Jun 230.8 · Jul 248.7 · Aug 237.2 · Sep 183.6 · Oct 131.6 · Nov 74.88 · Dec 56.15 hours31 Dec 2020Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly sunshine duration, BESANCON, 1991-202017Official
Annual PM2.5 over time11 published observations, 2014–2024

Annual PM2.5 fell 49.1% between 2014 and 2024, from 14.0 to 7.1.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Besançon?

The published population was 118,489 people in January 2023. Source: INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune12

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area65.05 km²31 Dec 2026Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte25Official
Foreign-resident share11 %31 Dec 2022Eurostat5Official
Foreign residents12,240 people2021Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT120Official
Population density1,822 people/km²31 Dec 2023Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte25Official
Population118,489 people1 Jan 2023INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune12Official
Foreign residents over time14 published observations, 2009–2022

Foreign residents rose 29.4% between 2009 and 2022, from 10,179 to 13,173.

International community in Besançon

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Citizenship

Population resident in France excluding Mayotte; INSEE RP2023 NAT; total age and sex · 2023 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total118,489100.0%
Français105,062.0588.7%
Etranger13,426.9511.3%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Universities1 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)19Official

Alternatives for people set on Besançon

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Boulogne-Billancourt as a Besançon alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 332 km, better on 4 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2. Rent cannot be compared like for like.

  • Unemployment: 8.6% Boulogne-Billancourt vs 14.8% Besançon−42%
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,317 Boulogne-Billancourt vs €2,580 Besançon+29%
  • Rent: €29.73/m² (2025) Boulogne-Billancourt vs €9.40/m² (2023) Besançonno percentage
  • Nearest airport: 7.0 km Boulogne-Billancourt vs 50.0 km Besançon−86%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 5,479 Boulogne-Billancourt vs 6,646 Besançon−18%
  • Empty flats: 7.2% Boulogne-Billancourt vs 9.5% Besançon−24%
  • Basic utilities, 85 m²: €135 Boulogne-Billancourt vs €100 Besançon+36%
Full comparisonMore about Boulogne-Billancourt

Alternative cities in France

Other cities in France to compare with Besançon, nearest in population first.

All France cities
Boulogne-Billancourt119,019 residentsRouen117,662 residentsOrléans116,357 residentsPerpignan121,616 residentsMetz122,572 residentsMontreuil111,934 residents

How does Besançon compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Besançon's.

Open the full comparison

Besançon in rankings

#28 of 30 in Most international cities in France

Put Besançon's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Besançon?

The published population was 118,489 people in January 2023. Source: INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune.

How much does it cost to rent in Besançon?

Average net cold rent is 9.4 EUR/m² per month (January 2023), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 658 EUR a month before utilities. Source: Official city-level rent observatory/statistics source.

Is the air quality good in Besançon?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 7.1 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation..

How safe is Besançon?

Police recorded about 6,646 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026).

What is the unemployment rate in Besançon?

The unemployment rate is about 14.8 % (2022). Source: INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune.

What is the typical salary around Besançon?

The median gross salary is 2,580 EUR/month. Source: www.insee.fr.

Is Besançon a good place to live?

Besançon may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

How many people are in the Français citizenship group in Besançon?

The official citizenship distribution records 105,062.05 people (88.7%) in the source-defined population for 2023 Census. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Besançon, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 800ede71ad76e2c928373b6d25d97c0f]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/besancon/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_besancon-france-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_3144e290c8de,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Besançon, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {800ede71ad76e2c928373b6d25d97c0f},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/besancon/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Besançon, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/besancon/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 800ede71ad76e2c928373b6d25d97c0f; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation. air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-15
  2. Annuaire Santé — RPPS authorized-practice extract Annuaire Santé · data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-16
  3. Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse) data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  4. DREES / DGOS – Statistique Annuelle des Établissements de Santé (SAE) 2011 data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  5. Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-02
  6. FINESS Extraction du fichier des établissements data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  7. FR-SSMSI-communal-2025 static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  8. Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage. data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-03-31
  9. INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
  10. INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
Show 20 more sources
  1. INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence insee.fr · checked 2026-07-16
  2. INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
  3. INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune INSEE RP2022 ACT1 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
  4. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), France api.insee.fr · checked 2026-08-30
  5. Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata. files.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-15
  6. Logement en 2023 - Commune - France hors Mayotte insee.fr · checked 2026-09-17
  7. Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, BESANCON, 1991-2020 Météo-France climate normal · meteofrance.com · checked 2026-07-27
  8. Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr) data.education.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  9. Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr) data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  10. Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT1 Nationalité en 2021 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-15
  11. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  12. Orange 100GB mobile plan boutique.orange.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  13. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  14. RNEE exact Code_commune; etat=OUVERT; code_nature 100-199 or 300-399; unique UAI count. data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-16
  15. Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte Séries historiques en 2023 · insee.fr · checked 2026-09-24
  16. Statistiques DVF — sales and median price per m² by period and geographic scale Statistiques DVF · data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-27
  17. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station BESANCON WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  18. www.insee.fr insee.fr · checked 2026-08-27
  19. Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2 Global Cost of Living · kaggle.com · checked 2026-07-27
  20. Official city-level rent observatory/statistics source observatoires-des-loyers.org · checked 2026-07-26

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.