On this page

Living in Cave

In Cave, rent averages €4.25 per m² a month (2025) and unemployment is 10.2% (2023).

Cave covers 17.88 km², with a population density of 611.6 people per km² at the start of 2026. The foreign population count was 1,255 at the start of 2026.

Last checked 2026-09-2334 sources

Population10,871people1 Jan 2025Official source · ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025
Median gross salary (region)2,189EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · servizi2.inps.it
Average net rent4.25EUR/m²/month31 Dec 2025Official source · Collected source
Unemployment rate10.23%country median 6.0% — 70% aboveOfficial source · Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)
Recorded crime6,434incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024District figureOfficial source · Tasso di delittuosità - prov
PM2.5, annual mean12µg/m³country median 14.0 — 14% belowOfficial source · European Environment Agency

Higher unemployment than 74% of Italian cities that publish it, less recorded crime than 75% of Italian cities that publish it and cleaner air than 73% of Italian cities that publish it.

Which Italy-wide rules apply when you move to Cave?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Cave?

Average net cold rent is 4.25 EUR/m² per month (2025-S2), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 4.25 EUR/m²/month · Collected source1
What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
Cave recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€30
Mobile plan, 10 GB€12
Net rent across major citiesCave highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Cave highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Milan€30.00
Rome€17.15
Naples€9.10
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited29.9 EUR/month30 Sept 2026iliadbox fixed fibre5Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB11.99 EUR/month30 Sept 2026iliad GIGA mobile tariff4Official · national market
Dwellings5,972 dwellings31 Dec 2021Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)7Official
Main residence dwellings4,588 dwellings31 Dec 2021Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)8Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)4.25 EUR/m²/month31 Dec 2025Collected source1Official · municipality zone median

Is Cave a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker49%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 39–59%
Skilled employee54%strong on work, weak on safety · range 45–63%
Student47%strong on cost, weak on work · range 37–57%
Family45%strong on family, weak on legal route · range 34–56%
Retirement50%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 38–62%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 255 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 4.25 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2025-S2

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Cave?

The unemployment rate is about 10.2 % (2023).

  • Unemployment rate: 10.23 % · Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)14
Unemployment across cities in ItalyUnemployment in Cave is 10.2%. Of 2,393 cities with data, 1,023 have unemployment of 4 to under 6%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
People in employment4,139 people31 Dec 2021Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)9Official
Median gross salary (regional)2,189 EUR/month31 Dec 2024servizi2.inps.it24Official
Unemployment rate10.23 %country median 6.0%31 Dec 2023Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)14Official

What does a salary buy in Cave?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €2,189 (servizi2.inps.it, 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,440of €1,737 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€1,737
Rent, 60 m²€4.25/m² · official · Collected source · 2025-12-31− €255
Internet€30 · official · iliadbox fixed fibre · 2026-09-30− €30
Mobile plan€12 · official · iliad GIGA mobile tariff · 2026-09-30− €12
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€1,440
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Cave Salary needed to live in Cave

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Cave. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Centri per l'impiego — Public employment service

Italian public employment services / regional employment centres

Job SearchTraining

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Cave. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Primary schools1 count3 Aug 2026Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it)17Official
Schools9 count3 Aug 2026Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it)17Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Italian L2 laboratories and support for foreign pupils (DPR 394/1999 art 45 route). How to enrol a child (istruzione.it).

A country-wide rule for Italy; Cave's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2026.

Safety

How safe is Cave?

Police recorded about 6,434 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Tasso di delittuosità - prov25

Recorded crime across major citiesCave highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Cave highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Florence11,422
Milan10,343
Bologna9,973
Turin9,170
Venice9,092
Catania7,485
Rome7,475
Verona6,667
Naples6,521
Genoa5,692
Palermo5,384
Bari4,616
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents6,434 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024Tasso di delittuosità - prov25Official · county

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport50 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights22Official
Nearest airportCIA3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official
Distance to nearest airport29 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Cave. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

CPIA public Italian-language and orientation courses for foreign adults — State Language Course

Italian public adult-education system — Centri Provinciali per l'Istruzione degli Adulti

For foreign adults, people seeking Italian language and culture courses.

ItalianCEFR A2In PersonCost varies

L.O.R.R. — Language, Orientation, Recognition and Networks with CPIA — Job-related language course

Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies / FAMI 2021-2027 programme

For third-country nationals, vulnerable migrants, unaccompanied minors.

ItalianIn Person, Online
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Cave.

Find courses near Cave

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Cave?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 12 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: European Environment Agency2

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in ItalyAnnual PM2.5 in Cave is 12.0 µg/m³. Of 1,693 cities with data, 204 have annual PM2.5 of 12 to under 13 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean12 µg/m³country median 14.031 Dec 2024European Environment Agency2Official
Monthly extreme high temperatureJan 16.13 · Feb 17.82 · Mar 22.83 · Apr 24.7 · May 30.73 · Jun 35.83 · Jul 39.45 · Aug 40.15 · Sep 35.11 · Oct 27.41 · Nov 22.94 · Dec 15.67 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center18Official
Monthly extreme low temperatureJan -9.79 · Feb -11.73 · Mar -9.07 · Apr -5.58 · May -0.13 · Jun 4.24 · Jul 8.81 · Aug 8.2 · Sep 3.41 · Oct -0.97 · Nov -4.82 · Dec -8.88 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center18Official
Average temperature by monthJan 3.27 · Feb 3.73 · Mar 6.7 · Apr 10.36 · May 14.62 · Jun 19.89 · Jul 23.38 · Aug 23.39 · Sep 17.88 · Oct 13.51 · Nov 8.58 · Dec 4.29 °C31 Dec 2001NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center18Official
Annual PM2.5 over time11 published observations, 2013–2024

Annual PM2.5 fell 33.3% between 2013 and 2024, from 18.0 to 12.0.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Cave?

The published population was 10,871 people in 2025. Source: ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 202512

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Cars per 1,000 residents682.9 cars/1000 residents31 Dec 2023IstatData / ACI Pubblico registro automobilistico13Official
City area17.88 km²2026Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage.20Official
Foreign residents1,255 people1 Jan 2026Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total.19Official
Population density611.6 people/km²1 Jan 2026Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage.21Official
Female residents5,442 people31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)6Official
Male residents5,429 people31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)6Official
Population10,871 people1 Jan 2025ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 202512Official
Population over time8 published observations, 2018–2025

Population rose 1.2% between 2018 and 2025, from 10,745 to 10,871.

International community in Cave

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Resident population in Italy at 1 January 2025; source-native country dimension; total sex · 2025-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Derived source total (sum of all published country rows)10,871100.0%
Italia9,62888.6%
Romania4894.5%
Nigeria1321.2%
Albania840.8%
Bangladesh450.4%
Marocco410.4%
Ucraina380.3%
Iraq310.3%
Polonia290.3%
Show 70 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Colombia250.2%
Egitto230.2%
Moldova200.2%
Perù170.2%
Venezuela170.2%
Bulgaria160.1%
Brasile150.1%
Germania140.1%
Cuba120.1%
Federazione russa110.1%
Macedonia del Nord100.1%
Australia100.1%
India90.1%
Svizzera70.1%
Filippine70.1%
Argentina70.1%
Ecuador70.1%
Spagna60.1%
Camerun60.1%
Libia60.1%
Tunisia60.1%
Regno Unito50.0%
Capo Verde50.0%
Francia40.0%
Kosovo40.0%
Cina40.0%
Turchia40.0%
Eritrea40.0%
Stati Uniti d'America40.0%
Belgio30.0%
Irlanda30.0%
Malta30.0%
Croazia30.0%
Bielorussia30.0%
Thailandia30.0%
Repubblica Dominicana30.0%
Austria20.0%
Grecia20.0%
Paesi Bassi20.0%
Svezia20.0%
Sri Lanka20.0%
Iran20.0%
Libano20.0%
Pakistan20.0%
Kenya20.0%
Maurizio20.0%
Senegal20.0%
Repubblica Democratica del Congo20.0%
Messico20.0%
Cile20.0%
Norvegia10.0%
Serbia10.0%
Afghanistan10.0%
Arabia Saudita10.0%
Qatar10.0%
Siria10.0%
Vietnam10.0%
Kazakhstan10.0%
Taiwan10.0%
Angola10.0%
Costa d'Avorio10.0%
Etiopia10.0%
Gambia10.0%
Ghana10.0%
Guinea10.0%
Somalia10.0%
Tanzania10.0%
Costa Rica10.0%
Guatemala10.0%
Haiti10.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source16

Citizenship

Resident population in Italy at 1 January 2025; source-native country dimension; total sex · 2025-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Derived source total (sum of all published country rows)10,871100.0%
Italia9,63888.7%
Romania5895.4%
Nigeria1891.7%
Albania730.7%
Bangladesh410.4%
Ucraina390.4%
Marocco350.3%
Iraq340.3%
Polonia290.3%
Show 50 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Egitto210.2%
Colombia190.2%
Bulgaria170.2%
Moldova130.1%
Perù130.1%
Macedonia del Nord90.1%
India90.1%
Cuba90.1%
Cina80.1%
Grecia40.0%
Federazione russa40.0%
Kosovo40.0%
Filippine40.0%
Turchia40.0%
Camerun40.0%
Tunisia40.0%
Argentina40.0%
Ecuador40.0%
Venezuela40.0%
Bielorussia30.0%
Brasile30.0%
Spagna20.0%
Sri Lanka20.0%
Libano20.0%
Pakistan20.0%
Siria20.0%
Capo Verde20.0%
Gambia20.0%
Kenya20.0%
Senegal20.0%
Repubblica Democratica del Congo20.0%
Messico20.0%
Austria10.0%
Belgio10.0%
Germania10.0%
Regno Unito10.0%
Malta10.0%
Norvegia10.0%
Paesi Bassi10.0%
Svezia10.0%
Ungheria10.0%
Serbia10.0%
Afghanistan10.0%
Thailandia10.0%
Vietnam10.0%
Angola10.0%
Costa d'Avorio10.0%
Guinea10.0%
Tanzania10.0%
Eritrea10.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source15

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Non-citizens, share of residents11.34 %31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)10Official
Households4,832 households31 Dec 2024Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)11Official

Alternatives for people set on Cave

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Velletri as a Cave alternative in the same region

21 km away, better on 2 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1.

  • Residents: 52,877 Velletri vs 10,871 Cave+386%
  • Annual PM2.5: 9.0 µg/m³ Velletri vs 12.0 µg/m³ Cave−25%
  • Nearest airport: 20.0 km Velletri vs 29.0 km Cave−31%
  • Unemployment: 11.1% Velletri vs 10.2% Cave+8%
  • Rent: €4.25/m² Velletri vs €4.25/m² Cavesame level
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,189 Velletri vs €2,189 Cavesame level
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 6,434 Velletri vs 6,434 Cavesame level

Gallarate as a Cave alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 542 km, better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Residents: 52,902 Gallarate vs 10,871 Cave+387%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,778 Gallarate vs 6,434 Cave−41%
  • Unemployment: 6.6% Gallarate vs 10.2% Cave−36%
  • Nearest airport: 6.0 km Gallarate vs 29.0 km Cave−79%
  • Rent: €4.55/m² Gallarate vs €4.25/m² Cave+7%
  • Annual PM2.5: 13.0 µg/m³ Gallarate vs 12.0 µg/m³ Cave+8%
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,253 Gallarate vs €2,189 Cavesame level

Budapest as a Cave alternative in another country

Better on 1 of 2 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Rent and median gross pay, region cannot be compared like for like.

  • Rent: €16.94/m² (2026) Budapest vs €4.25/m² (2025) Caveno percentage
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,534 (2026) Budapest vs €2,189 (2024) Caveno percentage
  • Nearest airport: 18.0 km Budapest vs 29.0 km Cave−38%
  • Annual PM2.5: 13.0 µg/m³ Budapest vs 12.0 µg/m³ Cave+8%

Cities near Cave

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Alternative cities in Italy

Other cities in Italy to compare with Cave, nearest in population first.

All Italy cities

How does Cave compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Cave's.

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Cave when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Is Cave part of Anzio?

Cave is in the published commuting zone of Anzio; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Anzio city profile

Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source3

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Cave?

The published population was 10,871 people in 2025. Source: ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025.

How much does it cost to rent in Cave?

Average net cold rent is 4.25 EUR/m² per month (2025-S2), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 298 EUR a month before utilities. Source: Collected source.

Is the air quality good in Cave?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 12 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: European Environment Agency.

How safe is Cave?

Police recorded about 6,434 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Tasso di delittuosità - prov.

What is the unemployment rate in Cave?

The unemployment rate is about 10.2 % (2023). Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT).

What is the typical salary around Cave?

The median gross salary is 2,189 EUR/month. Source: servizi2.inps.it.

Is Cave a good place to live?

Cave may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Is Cave part of Anzio?

Cave is in the published commuting zone of Anzio; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.

Which cities are near Cave?

Tivoli, Palestrina, Genazzano, Valmontone, Labico are near Cave. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Derived source total (sum of all published country rows) live in Cave?

The official country of birth distribution records 10,871 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2025-01-01. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Cave, Italy: population, rent, salary, cost of living, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 622191fe5f1fc2d2aab19055b3a081e7]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/cave/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_cave-italy-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living-jobs_d6723b785a8d,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Cave, Italy: population, rent, salary, cost of living, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {622191fe5f1fc2d2aab19055b3a081e7},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/cave/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Cave, Italy: population, rent, salary, cost of living, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/cave/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 622191fe5f1fc2d2aab19055b3a081e7; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. Collected source www1.agenziaentrate.gov.it · checked 2026-08-05
  2. European Environment Agency air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-03
  3. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  4. iliad GIGA mobile tariff iliad.it · checked 2026-09-15
  5. iliadbox fixed fibre iliad.it · checked 2026-09-15
  6. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  7. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  8. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  9. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  10. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
Show 24 more sources
  1. Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
  2. ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025 demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-26
  3. IstatData / ACI Pubblico registro automobilistico istat.it · checked 2026-08-08
  4. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) istat.it · checked 2026-08-04
  5. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat), Italy citizenship distribution demo.istat.it · checked 2026-08-28
  6. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat), Italy country of birth distribution demo.istat.it · checked 2026-08-28
  7. Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it) dati.istruzione.it · checked 2026-08-03
  8. NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  9. Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total. demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
  10. Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. situas-servizi.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
  11. Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
  12. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  13. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  14. servizi2.inps.it servizi2.inps.it · checked 2026-08-27
  15. Tasso di delittuosità - prov esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-09-23
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q243128 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  24. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q243133 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.