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Living in Kobe

In Kobe, rents across existing tenancies average €8.87 per m² a month (2023).

Kobe registered an unemployment rate of 4.3% at the end of 2020.

Last checked 2026-09-2431 sources

Population1,493,543people31 Dec 2024Official source · e-Stat 社会・人口統計体系 市区町村データ 基礎データ（オリジナル）0000020101 — A2301 住民基本台帳人口（総数）, 調査年 2024年度
Median gross salary (region)347.5EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · www.e-stat.go.jp
Average net rent8.87EUR/m²/monthcountry median €6.27 — 41% aboveOfficial source · www.e-stat.go.jp
Unemployment rate4.3%country median 3.8% — 14% aboveOfficial source · 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)
Recorded crime870.3incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025Official source · JP-28-Hyogo-2025
PM2.5, annual mean8.73µg/m³country median 8.4 — 4% aboveOfficial source · NIES monthly PM2.5 station means annualized to calendar 2023

Pricier rent than 86% of Japanese cities that publish it and higher unemployment than 74% of Japanese cities that publish it.

Which Japan-wide rules apply when you move to Kobe?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in JapanNational rates and thresholds that apply in Kobe.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

Japan's Housing and Land Survey monthly-rent measure excludes security deposits, key money/right money and common-area charges. The Ministry of Land says deposit terms vary by regional custom; these sources provide context, not a comparable city-level distribution. Statistics Bureau glossary (2018) · MLIT rental-housing Q&A.

How much does it cost to rent in Kobe?

Average net cold rent is about 8.87 EUR/m² per month (2023 Housing and Land Survey), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 8.87 EUR/m²/month · www.e-stat.go.jp16
What recurs every month6 published recurring costs, € per month
Kobe recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€267
Utilities, 85 m² flat€143
Transport pass€65
Fitness club€56
Internet, 60 Mbps€32
Mobile plan, 10 GB€22

Supplemental estimate lane, not official statistics: Utilities, 85 m² flat, Private kindergarten, Transport pass, Fitness club. The others are published prices.

Net rent across major citiesKobe highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Kobe highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Kawasaki€13.36
Yokohama€11.97
Osaka€10.65
Kobe€8.87
Hiroshima€8.38
Sapporo€7.56
Show the other 6 cities
Kyoto€10.46
Saitama€10.37
Chiba€9.08
Fukuoka€9.00
Sendai€8.85
Nagoya€8.81
MetricValuePeriodSource
Fitness club membership, monthly56.25 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v224Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited32.03 EUR/month30 Sept 2026NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet12Official · national market
Private kindergarten, monthly267.2 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v224Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant6.33 EUR31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v224Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB21.56 EUR/month30 Sept 2026docomo mini 10GB3Official · national market
Monthly transport pass65.39 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v224Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home143.3 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v224Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Housing vacancy rate13.89 %31 Oct 20232023 Housing and Land Survey, Table 1-2: Housing by occupancy status1Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)8.87 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €6.2731 Dec 2023www.e-stat.go.jp16Official
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)386 EUR/month31 Oct 2023Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling — Japan, prefecture, shi, ku, machi and mura7Official

Is Kobe a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker59%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 51–67%
Skilled employee61%strong on work, weak on safety · range 53–69%
Student52%strong on education, weak on work · range 45–59%
Family61%strong on family, weak on legal route · range 54–68%
Retirement58%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 49–67%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 532 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of about 8.87 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2023 Housing and Land Survey

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Kobe?

The unemployment rate is about 4.3 % (October 2020). Source: 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)21

Unemployment across cities in JapanUnemployment in Kobe is 4.3%. Of 1,816 cities with data, 818 have unemployment of 3 to under 4%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Public employment offices3 count15 Sept 2026Hyogo Hello Work — office list8Official
Median gross salary (regional)347.5 EUR/month31 Dec 2024www.e-stat.go.jp17Official
Unemployment rate4.3 %country median 3.8%31 Dec 2020総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表)21Official

What does a salary buy in Kobe?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €348 (e-stat.go.jp, 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€0of €0 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions; euro amounts at the ECB average for 2026-08.outside the model's range
Rent, 60 m²€8.87/m² · official · e-stat.go.jp · 2023-12-31− €532
Public transport pass€65 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €65
Utilities, 85 m²€143 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31− €143
Internet€32 · official · NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet · 2026-09-30− €32
Mobile plan€22 · official · docomo mini 10GB · 2026-09-30− €22
Left over—
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Kobe Salary needed to live in Kobe

Public employment offices in Kobe

Hyogo Hello Work lists 3 public employment offices in Kobe (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.

Office count verified

Hello Work — Public employment service

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan

Job Search
Search jobs
Open the Japan service overview

The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Public language course providers1 count31 Jul 2026Free places to learn Japanese in Kobe City6Official

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
GP practices467 count1 Jun 2026医療情報ネット clinics facility and specialty CSV 2026-06-0119Official
Physicians per 100,000 residents174.6 per 100,00031 Dec 2024令和6年医師・歯科医師・薬剤師統計 医師 第22表18Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Kobe when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Kobe?

Police recorded about 870 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

  • Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 870.3 incidents per 100,000 · JP-28-Hyogo-202510
MetricValuePeriodSource
Burglaries per 100,000 residents5.44 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025JP-28-Hyogo-202510Official
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents870.3 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2025JP-28-Hyogo-202510Official

Mobility and administration

Kobe's nearest airport was UKB, 8 km away and offered 8 direct destinations.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Direct destinations from the nearest major airport8 count3 Aug 2026OpenFlights13Official
Destinations from nearest airport12 count2024Unique direct scheduled destination endpoints for the nearest scheduled-service airport in the complete 97-airport MLIT universe; domestic endpoints come from the official 2024 annual route table and international endpoints from the official 2024 summer and winter direct scheduled-flight tables.15Official
Distance to the nearest major airport8 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports14Official
Nearest major airport (IATA code)UKB3 Aug 2026OurAirports14Official

Language courses and integration in Kobe

1 exact course-location record is linked to this city. Check the linked source for dates, availability and enrolment.

Verified locally
1verified local records
1publicly funded course provider
Check courses in KobeHow the country programme works
Exact city-linked record checked 2026-08-10. Provider-supplied records are supplemental and are not presented as official accreditation.

Find courses near Kobe

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Kobe?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 8.7 µg/m³ (2023) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 8.73 µg/m³ · NIES monthly PM2.5 station means annualized to calendar 202311
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in JapanAnnual PM2.5 in Kobe is 8.7 µg/m³. Of 804 cities with data, 209 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean8.73 µg/m³country median 8.431 Dec 2023NIES monthly PM2.5 station means annualized to calendar 202311Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 9.4 · Feb 10.1 · Mar 13.5 · Apr 18.9 · May 23.6 · Jun 26.7 · Jul 30.4 · Aug 32.2 · Sep 28.8 · Oct 23.2 · Nov 17.5 · Dec 12 °C31 Dec 2020JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals — 神戸9Official
Average night-time low by monthJan 3.1 · Feb 3.4 · Mar 6.3 · Apr 11.4 · May 16.5 · Jun 20.6 · Jul 24.7 · Aug 26.1 · Sep 22.6 · Oct 16.7 · Nov 10.9 · Dec 5.7 °C31 Dec 2020JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals — 神戸9Official
Average temperature by monthJan 6.2 · Feb 6.5 · Mar 9.8 · Apr 15 · May 19.8 · Jun 23.4 · Jul 27.1 · Aug 28.6 · Sep 25.4 · Oct 19.8 · Nov 14.2 · Dec 8.8 °C31 Dec 2020JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals — 神戸9Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 38.4 · Feb 55.6 · Mar 94.2 · Apr 100.6 · May 134.7 · Jun 176.7 · Jul 187.9 · Aug 103.4 · Sep 157.2 · Oct 118 · Nov 62.4 · Dec 48.7 mm31 Dec 2020JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals — 神戸9Official
Average sunshine by monthJan 145.8 · Feb 142.4 · Mar 175.8 · Apr 194.8 · May 202.6 · Jun 164 · Jul 189.4 · Aug 229.6 · Sep 163.9 · Oct 169.8 · Nov 152.2 · Dec 153.2 hours31 Dec 2020JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals — 神戸9Official

Population and city profile

The city recorded a population density of 2,738.1 people per km² at the end of 2020.

How many people live in Kobe?

The published population was 1,493,543 people in 2024. Source: e-Stat 社会・人口統計体系 市区町村データ 基礎データ（オリジナル）0000020101 — A2301 住民基本台帳人口（総数）, 調査年 2024年度5

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area556.9 km²3 Aug 2026国土地理院 (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)20Official
Foreign-resident share4.32 %3 Aug 2026総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民 ÷ 総計)23Official
Foreign residents64,172 people3 Aug 2026総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民)23Official
Population density2,738 people/km²31 Dec 2020総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 第1-1表)22Official
Population1,493,543 people31 Dec 2024e-Stat 社会・人口統計体系 市区町村データ 基礎データ（オリジナル）0000020101 — A2301 住民基本台帳人口（総数）, 調査年 2024年度5Official

International community in Kobe

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Citizenship

Persons in the official 2020 Population Census Basic Complete Tabulation on Population and Households; sex-total population by source-native nationality category. · 2020

Published groupPeopleShare
Total1,525,152100.0%
Japanese1,402,06191.9%
Nationality not reported90,0825.9%
Foreigner33,0092.2%
Republic of Korea12,6760.8%
People's Republic of China10,0160.7%
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam3,6320.2%
Others2,7180.2%
Republic of the Philippines9540.1%
United States of America7590.0%
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal5040.0%
Show 6 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
India4680.0%
Federative Republic of Brazil3810.0%
Republic of Indonesia3010.0%
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2600.0%
Kingdom of Thailand1850.0%
Republic of Peru1550.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source4

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median age50.8 years31 Dec 20262026 Resident Basic Register, population by age group by municipality (total residents)2Official

Alternatives for people set on Kobe

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Himeji as a Kobe alternative in the same region

49 km away, better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 3.

  • Rent: €6.59/m² Himeji vs €8.87/m² Kobe−26%
  • Foreign residents: 2.9% Himeji vs 4.3% Kobe−33%
  • Median gross pay, region: €316 Himeji vs €348 Kobe−9%
  • Unemployment: 4.0% Himeji vs 4.3% Kobe−8%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 840 Himeji vs 870 Kobe−3%
  • A meal out: €7 Himeji vs €6 Kobe+11%
  • Empty flats: 14.1% Himeji vs 13.9% Kobesame level
Full comparisonMore about Himeji

Hamamatsu as a Kobe alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 231 km, better on 3 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 3. Recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Rent: €7.41/m² Hamamatsu vs €8.87/m² Kobe−16%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 471 Hamamatsu vs 870 Kobeno percentage
  • Median gross pay, region: €311 Hamamatsu vs €348 Kobe−11%
  • Unemployment: 3.8% Hamamatsu vs 4.3% Kobe−11%
  • A meal out: €5 Hamamatsu vs €6 Kobe−28%
  • Empty flats: 12.8% Hamamatsu vs 13.9% Kobe−8%
  • Foreign residents: 4.0% Hamamatsu vs 4.3% Kobe−7%
Full comparisonMore about Hamamatsu

Cities near Kobe

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Nishinomiya 14.4 km away
Rent
9.32 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Takarazuka 19.4 km away
Rent
8.34 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Amagasaki 19.9 km away
Rent
8.99 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Itami 21.5 km away
Rent
8.25 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Miki 22.2 km away
Rent
6.4 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31
Sanda 22.4 km away
Rent
7.84 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2023-12-31

Alternative cities in Japan

Other cities in Japan to compare with Kobe, nearest in population first.

All Japan cities
Kawasaki1,542,534 residentsFukuoka1,620,853 residentsKyoto1,369,750 residentsSaitama1,355,984 residentsHiroshima1,167,911 residentsSapporo1,955,678 residents

How does Kobe compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Kobe's.

Open the full comparison

Kobe in rankings

#8 of 30 in Largest cities in Japan

Put Kobe's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Kobe?

The published population was 1,493,543 people in 2024. Source: e-Stat 社会・人口統計体系 市区町村データ 基礎データ（オリジナル）0000020101 — A2301 住民基本台帳人口（総数）, 調査年 2024年度.

How much does it cost to rent in Kobe?

Average net cold rent is about 8.87 EUR/m² per month (2023 Housing and Land Survey), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 621 EUR a month before utilities. Source: www.e-stat.go.jp.

Is the air quality good in Kobe?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 8.7 µg/m³ (2023) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: NIES monthly PM2.5 station means annualized to calendar 2023.

How safe is Kobe?

Police recorded about 870 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: JP-28-Hyogo-2025.

What is the unemployment rate in Kobe?

The unemployment rate is about 4.3 % (October 2020). Source: 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表).

What is the typical salary around Kobe?

The median gross salary is 347.5 EUR/month. Source: www.e-stat.go.jp.

Is Kobe a good place to live?

Kobe may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Kobe?

Nishinomiya, Takarazuka, Amagasaki, Itami, Miki are near Kobe. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people are in the Japanese citizenship group in Kobe?

The official citizenship distribution records 1,402,061 people (91.9%) in the source-defined population for 2020. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Kobe, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 6e86bada6c1b290216bf6a3199ce3287]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/kobe/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_kobe-japan-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living-jobs_5af50ce64a32,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Kobe, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {6e86bada6c1b290216bf6a3199ce3287},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/kobe/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Kobe, Japan: population, rent, salary, cost of living, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/jp/kobe/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 6e86bada6c1b290216bf6a3199ce3287; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2023 Housing and Land Survey, Table 1-2: Housing by occupancy status e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-17
  2. 2026 Resident Basic Register, population by age group by municipality (total residents) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-24
  3. docomo mini 10GB docomo.ne.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  4. e-Stat / Statistics Bureau of Japan 2020 Population Census table 44-1 nationality e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-01
  5. e-Stat 社会・人口統計体系 市区町村データ 基礎データ（オリジナル）0000020101 — A2301 住民基本台帳人口（総数）, 調査年 2024年度 e-Stat 社会・人口統計体系 市区町村データ 基礎データ（オリジナル）0000020101 · e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-18
  6. Free places to learn Japanese in Kobe City faq.city.kobe.lg.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  7. Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling — Japan, prefecture, shi, ku, machi and mura Housing and Land Survey 2023, Table 112-3-2: Monthly Rent of Dwelling by Type of Dwelling · e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-12
  8. Hyogo Hello Work — office list Hyogo Hello Work · jsite.mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-15
  9. JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals — 神戸 JMA 1991-2020 surface climate normals · data.jma.go.jp · checked 2026-07-26
  10. JP-28-Hyogo-2025 police.pref.hyogo.lg.jp · checked 2026-09-15
Show 21 more sources
  1. NIES monthly PM2.5 station means annualized to calendar 2023 gis.nies.go.jp · checked 2026-09-23
  2. NTT FLET'S 100 Mbps fixed internet flets.com · checked 2026-09-15
  3. OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
  4. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  5. Unique direct scheduled destination endpoints for the nearest scheduled-service airport in the complete 97-airport MLIT universe; domestic endpoints come from the official 2024 annual route table and international endpoints from the official 2024 summer and winter direct scheduled-flight tables. mlit.go.jp · checked 2026-07-15
  6. www.e-stat.go.jp e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-27
  7. www.e-stat.go.jp e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-27
  8. 令和6年医師・歯科医師・薬剤師統計 医師 第22表 e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-09-16
  9. 医療情報ネット clinics facility and specialty CSV 2026-06-01 mhlw.go.jp · checked 2026-09-18
  10. 国土地理院 (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan) gsi.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  11. 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 就業状態等基本集計 第1-2表) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  12. 総務省統計局 (e-Stat, 国勢調査2020 第1-1表) e-stat.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  13. 総務省自治行政局 (住民基本台帳, 外国人住民) soumu.go.jp · checked 2026-08-03
  14. Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2 Global Cost of Living · kaggle.com · checked 2026-07-27
  15. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q213318 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  16. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q243853 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  17. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q31238 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  18. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q335444 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  19. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q48320 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  20. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q823967 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  21. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q847607 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.