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Living in Richmond Hill

Richmond Hill is a city in Canada. Foreign-born residents accounted for 62.4% of the population in 2021. Annual NO₂ was 8.82 µg/m³ in 2024. Annual PM2.5 was 3.63 µg/m³ in 2024. In May 2021, 37.1% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing.

Which Canada-wide rules apply when you move to Richmond Hill?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in CanadaNational rates and thresholds that apply in Richmond Hill.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

No city-level rent or cost figure is published for Richmond Hill yet. We do not infer one from another place.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Households spending over 30% of income on rent37.1 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
Dwellings72,017 dwellings31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada6Official
G05 Main Residential Dwellings69,314 dwellings31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official

Work and income

The unemployment rate was 13.1% in May 2021.

What is the unemployment rate in Richmond Hill?

The unemployment rate is 13.1 % (May 2021). Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13

Unemployment across cities in CanadaUnemployment in Richmond Hill is 13.1%. Of 485 cities with data, 119 have unemployment of 6 to under 8%.
unemployment rate, % · measured cities in Canada per band1 city: 0% to under 2%10–210 cities: 2% to under 4%102–497 cities: 4% to under 6%974–6119 cities: 6% to under 8%1196–8103 cities: 8% to under 10%1038–1075 cities: 10% to under 12%7510–1251 cities: 12% to under 14%5112–14Richmond Hill 13.1%18 cities: 14% to under 16%1814–168 cities: 16% to under 18%816–181 city: 18% to under 20%118–202 cities: 20% to under 22%220–22

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Employment rate54.4 %31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
Median gross salary (regional)2,407 EUR/month31 Dec 2020www150.statcan.gc.ca16Official
Unemployment rate13.1 %country median 8.3%11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Richmond Hill. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Job Bank and public employment services — Public employment service

Government of Canada

Job SearchMigrant Support
Open official service
Open the Canada service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Richmond Hill. Sources checked through 12 Aug 2026.

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
G09 Bicycle Commute Share Pct0.3 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
G09 Transit Commute Share Pct7.9 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
G09 Walk Commute Share Pct2.6 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
Destinations from nearest airport147 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat4Official
Nearest airportYYZ13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv5Official
Distance to nearest airport27.6 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv5Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Richmond Hill. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

IRCC newcomer language-learning services finder — State Language Course

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

For newcomers to Canada.

English, Frenchfree
Open official information
Open the full Canada section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Richmond Hill.

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Richmond Hill?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 3.6 µg/m³ (2024) — within the WHO 2021 guideline.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 3.63 µg/m³ · Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.2
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Richmond Hill average monthly daytime high and night-time low temperature, °C-10°0°10°20°30°JFMAMJJASOND27°-7°Daytime highNight-time low
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits
Richmond Hill annual air pollutant levels against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limitsCity valueWHO guidelineEU limit5253.6PM2.5154014.4PM1010408.8NO₂µg/m³

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in CanadaAnnual PM2.5 in Richmond Hill is 3.6 µg/m³. Of 92 cities with data, 33 have annual PM2.5 of 3 to under 4 µg/m³.
annual PM2.5, µg/m³ · measured cities in Canada per band2 cities: 1 µg/m³ to under 2 µg/m³21–216 cities: 2 µg/m³ to under 3 µg/m³162–333 cities: 3 µg/m³ to under 4 µg/m³333–4Richmond Hill 3.613 cities: 4 µg/m³ to under 5 µg/m³134–512 cities: 5 µg/m³ to under 6 µg/m³125–61 city: 6 µg/m³ to under 7 µg/m³16–71 city: 7 µg/m³ to under 8 µg/m³17–81 city: 8 µg/m³ to under 9 µg/m³18–92 cities: 9 µg/m³ to under 10 µg/m³29–102 cities: 10 µg/m³ to under 11 µg/m³210–111 city: 13 µg/m³ to under 14 µg/m³113–142 cities: 15 µg/m³ to under 16 µg/m³215–163 cities: 16 µg/m³ to under 17 µg/m³316–171 city: 17 µg/m³ to under 18 µg/m³117–181 city: 20 µg/m³ to under 21 µg/m³120–211 city: 40 µg/m³ to under 41 µg/m³140–41

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean8.82 µg/m³country median 6.92024Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met.3Official
PM10 — annual mean14.4 µg/m³country median 10.52024Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.1Official
PM2.5 — annual mean3.63 µg/m³country median 3.72024Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.2Official
Average daytime high by monthJan -0.3 · Feb 0.6 · Mar 5.1 · Apr 11.6 · May 18.8 · Jun 24.2 · Jul 27 · Aug 26.1 · Sep 22 · Oct 14.6 · Nov 8.1 · Dec 2.6 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY15Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan -6.7 · Feb -6 · Mar -1.8 · Apr 3.9 · May 10 · Jun 15.3 · Jul 18.1 · Aug 17.6 · Sep 13.8 · Oct 7.7 · Nov 2.3 · Dec -2.7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY15Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan -3.5 · Feb -2.7 · Mar 1.7 · Apr 7.8 · May 14.4 · Jun 19.8 · Jul 22.5 · Aug 21.9 · Sep 17.9 · Oct 11.2 · Nov 5.2 · Dec -0.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY15Official · nearest-station reading

Cities of a similar size in Canada

Closest published populations, for a like-for-like comparison.

All Canada cities
Oakville213,759 residentsRegina226,404 residentsOshawa175,383 residentsBurnaby249,125 residentsKitchener256,885 residentsSaskatoon266,141 residents

Population and city profile

The city covered 101.1 km² in 2021. Population density was 2,004.4 people per km² in 2021.

How many people live in Richmond Hill?

The published population was 202,022 people in 2021. Source: Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Richmond Hill (Census subdivision 3519038)11

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population
Richmond Hill residents by nationalityBy nationalityNational passport84.7%Foreign residents15.3%

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Area100.8 km²31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
City area101.1 km²2021Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021 (Richmond Hill, CSD 3519076)10Official
Foreign-resident share58.16 %31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada8Official
Foreign residents30,970 people11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status.12Official
Population density2,004 people/km²11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 6: population density per square kilometre at CSD grain. This is the exact CSD value; it is not a CMA or province observation.12Official
Population202,022 people1 Jan 2021Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Richmond Hill (Census subdivision 3519038)11Official
Population over time22 published observations, 2001–2022
Population in Richmond Hill by year, residents132,324160,669189,013217,35820012005200920152022211,494residents

Population rose 53.0% between 2001 and 2022, from 138,188 to 211,494.

International community in Richmond Hill

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data116,855100.0%
Asia87,61575.0%
China27,90523.9%
Iran20,63517.7%
Europe18,16015.5%
Hong Kong13,18011.3%
Americas5,9605.1%
Other places of birth in Asia5,5904.8%
Africa4,9754.3%
Korea, South4,2153.6%
India4,0703.5%
Show 49 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Italy3,3202.8%
Russian Federation3,3102.8%
Philippines3,2652.8%
Other places of birth in Europe2,7702.4%
Other places of birth in Africa2,4202.1%
Ukraine2,3952.0%
Pakistan1,7951.5%
United Kingdom1,5901.4%
Other places of birth in Americas1,4001.2%
Egypt1,3651.2%
Romania1,3051.1%
Viet Nam1,2701.1%
United States of America1,2201.0%
Taiwan1,1651.0%
Jamaica1,0550.9%
Sri Lanka1,0550.9%
Iraq9650.8%
Afghanistan9300.8%
Greece8550.7%
Turkey6150.5%
Trinidad and Tobago5900.5%
Germany5850.5%
Poland5500.5%
Guyana5400.5%
Lebanon4500.4%
Portugal4350.4%
South Africa, Republic of4150.4%
Hungary3300.3%
Nigeria3300.3%
Colombia3000.3%
Bangladesh2800.2%
Brazil2650.2%
Peru2250.2%
Serbia2200.2%
Syria2100.2%
Mexico2050.2%
Somalia1650.1%
Oceania and other places of birth1400.1%
Morocco1350.1%
Croatia1300.1%
Netherlands1300.1%
El Salvador1250.1%
France1200.1%
Bosnia and Herzegovina1150.1%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the600.1%
Ethiopia400.0%
Haiti350.0%
Algeria250.0%
Eritrea100.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Citizenship

Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data200,930100.0%
Canadian citizens169,95584.6%
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over136,28067.8%
Canadian citizens aged under 1833,67516.8%
Not Canadian citizens30,97015.4%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Language spoken at home

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data201,040100.0%
Single responses184,55091.8%
Official languages103,98051.7%
English103,55051.5%
Non-official languages80,57040.1%
Non-Indigenous languages80,56540.1%
Sino-Tibetan languages39,15019.5%
Chinese languages39,13519.5%
Indo-European languages32,33516.1%
Mandarin20,86010.4%
Indo-Iranian languages20,78510.3%
Show 140 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Iranian languages17,9908.9%
Persian languages17,5708.7%
Yue (Cantonese)17,5508.7%
Multiple responses16,4908.2%
English and non-official language(s)15,6057.8%
Iranian Persian14,5807.3%
Balto-Slavic languages6,7903.4%
Slavic languages6,7653.4%
Russian5,9052.9%
Italic (Romance) languages3,5401.8%
Korean3,5301.8%
Indo-Aryan languages2,7901.4%
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.2,2401.1%
Afro-Asiatic languages1,6900.8%
Semitic languages1,6150.8%
Italian1,2950.6%
Arabic1,2600.6%
Spanish1,2600.6%
Austronesian languages1,2050.6%
Urdu1,0200.5%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)9550.5%
Turkic languages8750.4%
Dravidian languages8250.4%
Dari7500.4%
Gujarati6900.3%
Turkish6650.3%
Romanian6600.3%
Tamil6050.3%
Greek5050.3%
Armenian4900.2%
Hindi4350.2%
French4300.2%
Multiple non-official languages3600.2%
Portuguese3250.2%
Kurdish3000.1%
Uralic languages2900.1%
Austro-Asiatic languages2900.1%
Hebrew2850.1%
English and French2800.1%
Vietnamese2750.1%
Hungarian2700.1%
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)2500.1%
Wu (Shanghainese)2300.1%
Serbo-Croatian2250.1%
Polish2150.1%
Punjabi (Panjabi)2100.1%
Ukrainian2050.1%
Azerbaijani1950.1%
English, French and non-official language(s)1900.1%
Serbian1750.1%
Bengali1450.1%
Kacchi1350.1%
Malayalam1300.1%
Macedonian1250.1%
Hakka1200.1%
Germanic languages1100.1%
Japanese1100.1%
Chinese, n.o.s.1000.0%
Albanian1000.0%
Sinhala (Sinhalese)900.0%
Indonesian850.0%
High German languages750.0%
German750.0%
Niger-Congo languages750.0%
Ilocano700.0%
Aramaic languages650.0%
Telugu600.0%
French and non-official language(s)550.0%
Pashto550.0%
Cushitic languages500.0%
Somali500.0%
Bulgarian500.0%
Creole languages450.0%
Georgian450.0%
Sign languages400.0%
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic400.0%
Tai-Kadai languages350.0%
Cebuano350.0%
Morisyen350.0%
Swahili300.0%
American Sign Language300.0%
Kannada300.0%
Parsi300.0%
Lao250.0%
Baltic languages250.0%
Croatian250.0%
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages250.0%
Marathi250.0%
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.250.0%
Tibeto-Burman languages200.0%
Coptic200.0%
Hiligaynon200.0%
Lithuanian200.0%
Nepali200.0%
Baluchi200.0%
Akan (Twi)200.0%
Yoruba150.0%
Bisaya, n.o.s.150.0%
Bosnian150.0%
Afrikaans150.0%
Iranian languages, n.i.e.150.0%
Sign languages, n.i.e.100.0%
Min Dong100.0%
Tibetan100.0%
Thai100.0%
Turkic languages, n.i.e.100.0%
Estonian100.0%
Finnish100.0%
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic100.0%
Khmer (Cambodian)100.0%
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)100.0%
Latvian100.0%
Czech100.0%
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.100.0%
Slovak100.0%
Mongolian100.0%
Igbo50.0%
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Nilo-Saharan languages50.0%
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Chinese languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Burmese50.0%
Uzbek50.0%
Amharic50.0%
Aramaic, n.o.s.50.0%
Tigrigna50.0%
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Jamaican English Creole50.0%
Creole, n.o.s.50.0%
Belarusian50.0%
Slovene (Slovenian)50.0%
Swiss German50.0%
Dutch50.0%
Scandinavian languages50.0%
Kashmiri50.0%
Konkani50.0%
Oriya languages50.0%
Sindhi50.0%
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.50.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Is Richmond Hill a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker41%strong on work, weak on safety · range 32–50%
Skilled employee48%strong on work, weak on safety · range 39–57%
Student47%strong on cost, weak on safety · range 36–58%
Family38%strong on housing, weak on safety · range 27–49%
Retirement53%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 42–64%
Foreign residents30,970 people11 May 2021Official source · Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status.
Population202,022 people1 Jan 2021Official source · Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Richmond Hill (Census subdivision 3519038)
Households spending over 30% of income on rent37.1 %11 May 2021Official source · Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population
Dwellings72,017 dwellings31 Dec 2021Official source · Statistics Canada
Employment rate54.4 %31 Dec 2021Official source · Statistics Canada
Median gross salary (regional)2,407 EUR/month31 Dec 2020Official source · www150.statcan.gc.ca
Every value keeps its source, geographic scope and verification date · Last checked 2026-09-03

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Residents born abroad62.4 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
Households69,315 households31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
Labour force participation rate62.6 %31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
Median age43.6 years31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada9Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Richmond Hill when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Richmond Hill?

The published population was 202,022 people in 2021. Source: Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Richmond Hill (Census subdivision 3519038).

Is the air quality good in Richmond Hill?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 3.6 µg/m³ (2024) — within the WHO 2021 guideline. Source: Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate..

What is the unemployment rate in Richmond Hill?

The unemployment rate is 13.1 % (May 2021). Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population.

What is the typical salary around Richmond Hill?

The median gross salary is 2,407 EUR/month. Source: www150.statcan.gc.ca.

How many foreign residents live in Richmond Hill?

30,970 people residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status..

Is Richmond Hill a good place to live?

Richmond Hill may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

How many people born in Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data live in Richmond Hill?

The official country of birth distribution records 116,855 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Richmond Hill, Canada: rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/richmond-hill/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_richmond-hill-canada-rent-salary-jobs_9f08f12fa462,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Richmond Hill, Canada: rent, salary, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-12},
  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/richmond-hill/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Richmond Hill, Canada: rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/richmond-hill/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
  2. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
  3. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
  4. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  5. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  6. Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
  7. Statistics Canada api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
  8. Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
  9. Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
  10. Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021 (Richmond Hill, CSD 3519076) Statistics Canada · www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-14
Show 6 more sources
  1. Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Richmond Hill (Census subdivision 3519038) Statistics Canada · api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-13
  2. Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status. api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2021-05-11
  3. Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-16
  4. Statistics Canada language_spoken_at_home www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-29
  5. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  6. www150.statcan.gc.ca www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-27

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.