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Living in Markham

In May 2021, the unemployment rate was 13.8%. Foreign-born residents accounted for 62.6% of the population in 2021. The bachelor’s-or-higher share was 39.2% in 2021.

Which Canada-wide rules apply when you move to Markham?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in CanadaNational rates and thresholds that apply in Markham.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

32.8% of renter households spent at least 30% of income on housing in May 2021.

No city-level rent figure is published for Markham. The available city-level cost figures remain below.

What recurs every month6 published recurring costs, € per month
Markham recurring monthly costs, € per month€665Private kindergarten€115Utilities, 85 m² flat€107Transport pass€41Internet, 60 Mbps€41Fitness club€23Mobile plan, 10 GB€ / month

Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fitness club membership, monthly41 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v219Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited41.35 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v219Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Private kindergarten, monthly664.9 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v219Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant19.35 EUR31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v219Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB23.43 EUR/month31 Jul 2026Cost of Living in Markham. Jul 2026. Prices in Markham18Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Monthly transport pass107.1 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v219Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home115.5 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v219Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Households spending over 30% of income on rent32.8 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
Dwellings114,908 dwellings31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada6Official
G05 Main Residential Dwellings110,867 dwellings31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Markham?

The unemployment rate is 13.8 % (May 2021). Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13

Unemployment across cities in CanadaUnemployment in Markham is 13.8%. Of 485 cities with data, 119 have unemployment of 6 to under 8%.
unemployment rate, % · measured cities in Canada per band1 city: 0% to under 2%10–210 cities: 2% to under 4%102–497 cities: 4% to under 6%974–6119 cities: 6% to under 8%1196–8103 cities: 8% to under 10%1038–1075 cities: 10% to under 12%7510–1251 cities: 12% to under 14%5112–14Markham 13.8%18 cities: 14% to under 16%1814–168 cities: 16% to under 18%816–181 city: 18% to under 20%118–202 cities: 20% to under 22%220–22

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Employment rate51.9 %31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
Median gross salary (regional)2,314 EUR/month31 Dec 2020www150.statcan.gc.ca17Official
Unemployment rate13.8 %country median 8.3%11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Markham. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Job Bank and public employment services — Public employment service

Government of Canada

Job SearchMigrant Support
Open official service
Open the Canada service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Markham. Sources checked through 12 Aug 2026.

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
G09 Bicycle Commute Share Pct0.3 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
G09 Transit Commute Share Pct7.8 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
G09 Walk Commute Share Pct2.3 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
Destinations from nearest airport13 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat4Official
Nearest airportYTZ13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv5Official
Distance to nearest airport30.6 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv5Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Markham. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

IRCC newcomer language-learning services finder — State Language Course

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

For newcomers to Canada.

English, Frenchfree
Open official information
Open the full Canada section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Markham.

Climate and air quality

Annual PM2.5 was 3.6 µg/m³ in 2024. Annual NO₂ was 7.99 µg/m³ in 2024.

Is the air quality good in Markham?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 3.6 µg/m³ (2024) — within the WHO 2021 guideline. Source: Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.2

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Markham average monthly daytime high and night-time low temperature, °C-10°0°10°20°30°JFMAMJJASOND27°-7°Daytime highNight-time low
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits
Markham annual air pollutant levels against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limitsCity valueWHO guidelineEU limit5253.6PM2.5154012.0PM1010408.0NO₂µg/m³

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in CanadaAnnual PM2.5 in Markham is 3.6 µg/m³. Of 92 cities with data, 33 have annual PM2.5 of 3 to under 4 µg/m³.
annual PM2.5, µg/m³ · measured cities in Canada per band2 cities: 1 µg/m³ to under 2 µg/m³21–216 cities: 2 µg/m³ to under 3 µg/m³162–333 cities: 3 µg/m³ to under 4 µg/m³333–4Markham 3.613 cities: 4 µg/m³ to under 5 µg/m³134–512 cities: 5 µg/m³ to under 6 µg/m³125–61 city: 6 µg/m³ to under 7 µg/m³16–71 city: 7 µg/m³ to under 8 µg/m³17–81 city: 8 µg/m³ to under 9 µg/m³18–92 cities: 9 µg/m³ to under 10 µg/m³29–102 cities: 10 µg/m³ to under 11 µg/m³210–111 city: 13 µg/m³ to under 14 µg/m³113–142 cities: 15 µg/m³ to under 16 µg/m³215–163 cities: 16 µg/m³ to under 17 µg/m³316–171 city: 17 µg/m³ to under 18 µg/m³117–181 city: 20 µg/m³ to under 21 µg/m³120–211 city: 40 µg/m³ to under 41 µg/m³140–41

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean7.99 µg/m³country median 6.92024Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met.3Official
PM10 — annual mean12 µg/m³country median 10.52024Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.1Official
PM2.5 — annual mean3.6 µg/m³country median 3.72024Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate.2Official
Average daytime high by monthJan -0.3 · Feb 0.6 · Mar 5.1 · Apr 11.6 · May 18.8 · Jun 24.2 · Jul 27 · Aug 26.1 · Sep 22 · Oct 14.6 · Nov 8.1 · Dec 2.6 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY16Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan -6.7 · Feb -6 · Mar -1.8 · Apr 3.9 · May 10 · Jun 15.3 · Jul 18.1 · Aug 17.6 · Sep 13.8 · Oct 7.7 · Nov 2.3 · Dec -2.7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY16Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan -3.5 · Feb -2.7 · Mar 1.7 · Apr 7.8 · May 14.4 · Jun 19.8 · Jul 22.5 · Aug 21.9 · Sep 17.9 · Oct 11.2 · Nov 5.2 · Dec -0.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY16Official · nearest-station reading

Cities of a similar size in Canada

Closest published populations, for a like-for-like comparison.

All Canada cities
London422,324 residentsSaskatoon266,141 residentsKitchener256,885 residentsBurnaby249,125 residentsRegina226,404 residentsOakville213,759 residents

Population and city profile

The city covered 212.6 km² in 2021. Population density was 1,604.8 people per km² in 2021.

How many people live in Markham?

The published population was 338,503 people in 2021. Source: Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Markham (Census subdivision 3519036)11

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population
Markham residents by nationalityBy nationalityNational passport84.9%Foreign residents15.1%

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Area210.9 km²31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
City area212.6 km²2021Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021 (Markham, CSD 3519036)10Official
Foreign-resident share58.57 %31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada8Official
Foreign residents51,180 people11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status.12Official
Population density1,605 people/km²11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 6: population density per square kilometre at CSD grain. This is the exact CSD value; it is not a CMA or province observation.12Official
Population338,503 people1 Jan 2021Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Markham (Census subdivision 3519036)11Official
Population over time22 published observations, 2001–2022
Population in Markham by year, residents207,411259,322311,233363,14420012005200920152022352,404residents

Population rose 61.5% between 2001 and 2022, from 218,151 to 352,404.

International community in Markham

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data197,540100.0%
Asia163,57082.8%
China66,72533.8%
Hong Kong32,31516.4%
India14,3057.2%
Americas13,7857.0%
Europe12,7206.4%
Sri Lanka12,7106.4%
Africa7,1903.6%
Philippines7,0753.6%
Iran6,8953.5%
Show 49 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Other places of birth in Asia6,2453.2%
Pakistan5,3502.7%
Other places of birth in Africa3,9602.0%
Viet Nam3,6101.8%
Jamaica3,5101.8%
Guyana3,0801.6%
United Kingdom2,8601.4%
Korea, South2,8351.4%
Italy2,1801.1%
Other places of birth in Americas2,1551.1%
Taiwan2,0551.0%
Other places of birth in Europe2,0451.0%
United States of America2,0001.0%
Trinidad and Tobago1,6050.8%
Egypt1,3700.7%
Greece1,3350.7%
Afghanistan9150.5%
South Africa, Republic of8500.4%
Russian Federation7600.4%
Romania7350.4%
Bangladesh7000.4%
Turkey5850.3%
Germany5600.3%
Lebanon5400.3%
Nigeria4450.2%
Ukraine4150.2%
Poland4050.2%
Iraq3800.2%
Peru3700.2%
Syria3450.2%
Colombia3300.2%
Hungary3200.2%
Brazil2950.1%
Portugal2850.1%
Oceania and other places of birth2850.1%
Mexico2450.1%
Serbia2400.1%
Netherlands2300.1%
France1850.1%
Somalia1650.1%
El Salvador1450.1%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the1400.1%
Ethiopia1050.1%
Morocco1050.1%
Croatia850.0%
Bosnia and Herzegovina750.0%
Haiti400.0%
Algeria350.0%
Eritrea150.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Citizenship

Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data337,250100.0%
Canadian citizens286,07084.8%
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over225,29566.8%
Canadian citizens aged under 1860,78018.0%
Not Canadian citizens51,18015.2%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Language spoken at home

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data337,485100.0%
Single responses307,10091.0%
Official languages163,64548.5%
English163,02048.3%
Non-official languages143,45542.5%
Non-Indigenous languages143,45542.5%
Sino-Tibetan languages100,66529.8%
Chinese languages100,60029.8%
Yue (Cantonese)56,95016.9%
Mandarin41,23512.2%
Multiple responses30,3809.0%
Show 148 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
English and non-official language(s)28,9308.6%
Indo-European languages23,3206.9%
Indo-Iranian languages16,7955.0%
Dravidian languages11,2053.3%
Indo-Aryan languages10,5703.1%
Tamil10,3853.1%
Iranian languages6,2151.8%
Persian languages5,9701.8%
Iranian Persian4,8151.4%
Urdu3,8051.1%
Italic (Romance) languages2,9350.9%
Austronesian languages2,5050.7%
Korean2,4850.7%
Punjabi (Panjabi)2,2600.7%
Gujarati2,2050.7%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)2,1450.6%
Balto-Slavic languages2,0750.6%
Slavic languages2,0650.6%
Afro-Asiatic languages1,4700.4%
Semitic languages1,3950.4%
Spanish1,3050.4%
Hindi1,2600.4%
Russian1,2000.4%
Arabic1,1950.4%
Hakka9000.3%
Italian8850.3%
Greek7150.2%
Multiple non-official languages6500.2%
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)6400.2%
Armenian6400.2%
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.6350.2%
French6250.2%
Dari5150.2%
Austro-Asiatic languages5100.2%
Vietnamese4750.1%
Turkic languages4650.1%
English and French4450.1%
Malayalam4150.1%
Bengali3950.1%
Turkish3900.1%
Macedonian3850.1%
Romanian3850.1%
Wu (Shanghainese)3650.1%
Portuguese3600.1%
Chinese, n.o.s.3400.1%
Telugu3200.1%
English, French and non-official language(s)2900.1%
Japanese2650.1%
Uralic languages2000.1%
Sinhala (Sinhalese)1950.1%
Serbo-Croatian1850.1%
Kacchi1800.1%
Pashto1700.1%
Hungarian1650.0%
Min Dong1550.0%
Polish1450.0%
Marathi1400.0%
Serbian1300.0%
Hebrew1250.0%
Creole languages1050.0%
Indonesian1000.0%
Germanic languages1000.0%
Niger-Congo languages950.0%
Ilocano900.0%
Morisyen850.0%
Kannada850.0%
German850.0%
High German languages800.0%
French and non-official language(s)700.0%
Kurdish700.0%
Sign languages650.0%
Tibeto-Burman languages550.0%
Azerbaijani550.0%
Cushitic languages550.0%
Bulgarian550.0%
Tai-Kadai languages500.0%
Somali500.0%
Cebuano500.0%
Ukrainian500.0%
American Sign Language450.0%
Burmese450.0%
Albanian450.0%
Yoruba350.0%
Khmer (Cambodian)350.0%
Hiligaynon350.0%
Sindhi350.0%
Georgian300.0%
Croatian300.0%
Konkani300.0%
Harari250.0%
Tigrigna250.0%
Oriya languages250.0%
Lao200.0%
Thai200.0%
Finnish200.0%
Bisaya, n.o.s.200.0%
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.200.0%
Czech200.0%
Nepali200.0%
Odia200.0%
Akan (Twi)200.0%
Sign languages, n.i.e.150.0%
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.150.0%
Estonian150.0%
Coptic150.0%
Aramaic languages150.0%
Bosnian150.0%
Slovak150.0%
Swahili100.0%
Chinese languages, n.i.e.100.0%
Uyghur100.0%
Amharic100.0%
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic100.0%
Maltese100.0%
Bikol100.0%
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)100.0%
Pangasinan100.0%
Waray-Waray100.0%
Haitian Creole100.0%
Baltic languages100.0%
Latvian100.0%
Slovene (Slovenian)100.0%
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages100.0%
Dutch100.0%
Assamese100.0%
Kashmiri100.0%
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.100.0%
Mongolian100.0%
Igbo50.0%
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)50.0%
Nilo-Saharan languages50.0%
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Tibetan50.0%
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Uzbek50.0%
Turkic languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Other languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Indigenous languages50.0%
Semitic languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Creole, n.o.s.50.0%
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Lithuanian50.0%
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.50.0%
Scandinavian languages50.0%
Danish50.0%
Parsi50.0%
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.50.0%
Edo50.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source14

Is Markham a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker41%strong on work, weak on safety · range 32–50%
Skilled employee52%strong on work, weak on safety · range 44–60%
Student56%strong on education, weak on safety · range 48–64%
Family52%strong on family, weak on safety · range 43–61%
Retirement54%strong on air quality, weak on admin · range 43–65%
Foreign residents51,180 people11 May 2021Official source · Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status.
Population338,503 people1 Jan 2021Official source · Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Markham (Census subdivision 3519036)
Households spending over 30% of income on rent32.8 %11 May 2021Official source · Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population
Dwellings114,908 dwellings31 Dec 2021Official source · Statistics Canada
Employment rate51.9 %31 Dec 2021Official source · Statistics Canada
Median gross salary (regional)2,314 EUR/month31 Dec 2020Official source · www150.statcan.gc.ca
Every value keeps its source, geographic scope and verification date · Last checked 2026-09-03

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Residents born abroad62.6 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population13Official
G07 Bachelors Or Higher Share Pct39.2 %11 May 2021Statistics Canada Table 98-10-0387-04: highest certificate, diploma or degree15Official
Households110,870 households31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
Labour force participation rate60.2 %31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada7Official
Median age42.4 years31 Dec 2021Statistics Canada9Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Markham when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Markham?

The published population was 338,503 people in 2021. Source: Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Markham (Census subdivision 3519036).

Is the air quality good in Markham?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 3.6 µg/m³ (2024) — within the WHO 2021 guideline. Source: Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate..

What is the unemployment rate in Markham?

The unemployment rate is 13.8 % (May 2021). Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population.

What is the typical salary around Markham?

The median gross salary is 2,314 EUR/month. Source: www150.statcan.gc.ca.

How many foreign residents live in Markham?

51,180 people residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status..

How much is public transport in Markham?

A monthly transport pass is 107.1 EUR/month. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2.

Is Markham a good place to live?

Markham may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

How many people born in Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data live in Markham?

The official country of birth distribution records 197,540 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Markham, Canada: rent, salary, jobs, climate [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/markham/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_markham-canada-rent-salary-jobs-climate_e97457481dd7,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Markham, Canada: rent, salary, jobs, climate},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-12},
  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/markham/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Markham, Canada: rent, salary, jobs, climate](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/ca/markham/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
  2. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 annual daily-mean station observations, reproducibly aggregated as an arithmetic mean for eligible stations within 25 km of the target city coordinate. This is a derived place observation, not an asserted municipal monitor aggregate. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
  3. Official ECCC/NAPS 2024 station DMean observation retained at source grain; no place value is asserted because the approved 25 km observation condition is not met. data-donnees.az.ec.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-15
  4. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  5. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  6. Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
  7. Statistics Canada api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
  8. Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-03
  9. Statistics Canada www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-07
  10. Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021 (Markham, CSD 3519036) Statistics Canada · www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-14
Show 9 more sources
  1. Statistics Canada — Census Profile 2021, Markham (Census subdivision 3519036) Statistics Canada · api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-13
  2. Statistics Canada Census Profile 2021 characteristic 1512: not Canadian citizens, population in private households, 25% sample data, at CSD grain. This is the exact foreign-citizenship interpretation used for foreign_population_total; it is not immigrant status. api.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2021-05-11
  3. Statistics Canada Census Profile downloads, 2021 Census of Population www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-16
  4. Statistics Canada language_spoken_at_home www12.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-29
  5. Statistics Canada Table 98-10-0387-04: highest certificate, diploma or degree www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-07-16
  6. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TORONTO CITY WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  7. www150.statcan.gc.ca www150.statcan.gc.ca · checked 2026-08-27
  8. Cost of Living in Markham. Jul 2026. Prices in Markham numbeo.com · checked 2026-07-27
  9. Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2 Global Cost of Living · kaggle.com · checked 2026-07-27

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.