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Living in Villaviciosa de Odón

In Villaviciosa de Odón, the statutory reference rent is €11.80 per m² a month (2022) and unemployment is 2.4% (2026).

The unemployment rate was 2.4% in June 2026. Villaviciosa de Odón is in Spain; its population was 30,127 at the start of 2025. Gigabit broadband availability was 97.7% in June 2025. The nearest airport was MAD, 31.8 km away, with 158 listed destinations in June 2026.

Last checked 2026-09-1931 sources

Population30,127people1 Jan 2025Official source · Villaviciosa de Odón - official stats
Median gross salary (region)2,336EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
Average net rent11.8EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.10 — 131% aboveOfficial source · cdn.mivau.gob.es
Unemployment rate2.4%country median 4.4% — 45% belowIndependent source · SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026
Recorded crime4,479incidents per 100,000country median 4,281 — 5% aboveOfficial source · MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.
PM2.5, annual mean11µg/m³31 Dec 2024Nearest stationOfficial source · EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALCORCÓN)

Pricier rent than any other Spanish city that publishes it, lower unemployment than 93% of Spanish cities that publish it and dirtier air than 79% of Spanish cities that publish it.

Which Spain-wide rules apply when you move to Villaviciosa de Odón?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in SpainNational rates and thresholds that apply in Villaviciosa de Odón.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Villaviciosa de Odón?

Average net cold rent is 11.8 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 11.8 EUR/m²/month · cdn.mivau.gob.es1
What recurs every month2 published recurring costs, € per month
Villaviciosa de Odón recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Internet, 60 Mbps€20
Mobile plan, 10 GB€12
Net rent across major citiesVillaviciosa de Odón highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Villaviciosa de Odón highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Madrid€14.00
Barcelona€13.70
Villaviciosa de Odón€11.80
Bilbao€11.50
Alicante€7.10
Murcia€5.80
Show the other 6 cities
Palma€9.80
Málaga€9.60
Seville€9.20
Valencia€8.20
Zaragoza€7.70
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria€7.30
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited20 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 300 Mbps fibre3Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB12 EUR/month30 Sept 2026DIGI 100GB mobile plan2Official · national market
Dwellings11,253 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain12Official
Main residence dwellings9,261 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain12Official
Secondary, seasonal or vacant dwellings1,989 dwellings31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain12Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)11.8 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €5.1031 Dec 2022cdn.mivau.gob.es1Official

Is Villaviciosa de Odón a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker56%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 47–65%
Skilled employee63%strong on work, weak on education · range 54–72%
Student52%strong on legal route, weak on education · range 42–62%
Family53%strong on family, weak on education · range 44–62%
Retirement49%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 38–60%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 708 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 11.8 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2022

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The unemployment rate is 2.4 % (June 2026). Source: SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 202629

Unemployment across cities in SpainUnemployment in Villaviciosa de Odón is 2.4%. Of 1,361 cities with data, 844 have unemployment of 0 to under 5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Gigabit broadband availability97.71 %30 Jun 2025SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-202518Official
People in employment11,589 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain12Official
Median gross salary (regional)2,336 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)8Official · regional context
Unemployment rate2.4 %country median 4.4%30 Jun 2026SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 202629Independent

What does a salary buy in Villaviciosa de Odón?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €2,336 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,090of €1,830 take-home
  • Rent
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€1,830
Rent, 60 m²€11.80/m² · official · cdn.mivau.gob.es · 2022-12-31− €708
Internet€20 · official · DIGI 300 Mbps fibre · 2026-09-30− €20
Mobile plan€12 · official · DIGI 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €12
Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities—
Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish€1,090
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Villaviciosa de Odón Salary needed to live in Villaviciosa de Odón

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Villaviciosa de Odón. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal — Public employment service

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE)

Job SearchUnemployment ClaimTraining
Search jobs
Open the Spain service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Villaviciosa de Odón. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Safety

How safe is Villaviciosa de Odón?

Police recorded about 4,479 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.13

Recorded crime across major citiesVillaviciosa de Odón highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Villaviciosa de Odón highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Pamplona7,766
Alicante7,419
Murcia5,289
Córdoba5,095
Melilla5,090
Vitoria-Gasteiz4,916
Cartagena4,578
Castellón de la Plana4,251
Elche4,043
Lorca3,706
Logroño3,690
Burgos3,628
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents4,479 incidents per 100,000country median 4,28131 Dec 2024MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator.13Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport158 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat15Official
Nearest airportMAD13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv16Official
Distance to nearest airport31.8 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv16Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Villaviciosa de Odón. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas — public language education network — State Language Course

Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports / autonomous education authorities

For adult language learners, residents.

In Person, Online, HybridCost varies
Open official information
Open the full Spain section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Villaviciosa de Odón.

Find courses near Villaviciosa de Odón

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 11 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALCORCÓN)6

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in SpainAnnual PM2.5 in Villaviciosa de Odón is 11.0 µg/m³. Of 269 cities with data, 57 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean21 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station MÓSTOLES)4Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean15 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station MÓSTOLES)5Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean11 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALCORCÓN)6Official · nearest-station reading
Average daytime high by monthJan 11.1 · Feb 13.1 · Mar 16.8 · Apr 19.3 · May 23.8 · Jun 29.7 · Jul 33.4 · Aug 32.8 · Sep 27.5 · Oct 21 · Nov 14.7 · Dec 11.4 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station MADRID/CUATRO VIENTOS20Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 2 · Feb 2.7 · Mar 5.3 · Apr 7.4 · May 11.1 · Jun 15.9 · Jul 18.9 · Aug 18.8 · Sep 14.8 · Oct 10.3 · Nov 5.6 · Dec 2.8 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station MADRID/CUATRO VIENTOS20Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 6.5 · Feb 7.9 · Mar 11 · Apr 13.4 · May 17.5 · Jun 22.8 · Jul 26.2 · Aug 25.8 · Sep 21.2 · Oct 15.7 · Nov 10.1 · Dec 7.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station MADRID/CUATRO VIENTOS20Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 33.3 · Feb 35.4 · Mar 34.7 · Apr 44.2 · May 44 · Jun 19.4 · Jul 8.4 · Aug 10.8 · Sep 25.7 · Oct 62.2 · Nov 51.5 · Dec 42.5 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station MADRID/CUATRO VIENTOS20Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 160.5 · Feb 184.2 · Mar 220.4 · Apr 247 · May 293.3 · Jun 331.7 · Jul 371.8 · Aug 344.3 · Sep 256.4 · Oct 207.9 · Nov 165.3 · Dec 146.6 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station MADRID/CUATRO VIENTOS20Official · nearest-station reading

Similar climate. In Spain: Fuenlabrada ±0.3 °C. Elsewhere: Foggia (Italy) ±0.9 °C, Little Rock (United States) ±1.8 °C, Murfreesboro (United States) ±1.8 °C, Oklahoma City (United States) ±1.9 °C, Bari (Italy) ±1.6 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The published population was 30,127 people in January 2025. Source: Villaviciosa de Odón - official stats19

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area68.05 km²20 Oct 2025www.ign.es21Official
Foreign residents3,644 people1 Jan 2024Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España.14Official
Female residents14,861 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)9Official
Male residents13,889 people31 Dec 2023Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)9Official
Population30,127 people1 Jan 2025Villaviciosa de Odón - official stats19Official

International community in Villaviciosa de Odón

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL28,016100.0%
Spain24,11986.1%
South America1,4295.1%
European Union (without Spain)8313.0%
Asia4641.7%
Central America and Caribbean3221.1%
Africa2871.0%
Rent of Europe2841.0%
North America2691.0%
Oceania110.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source10

Citizenship

Population resident in Spain; both sexes; official INE Census 2021 municipal table · 2021 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
TOTAL28,016100.0%
Spanish25,33690.4%
European Union (without Spain)8262.9%
South America6692.4%
Asia4091.5%
Africa2090.7%
Central America and Caribbean1960.7%
Rent of Europe1940.7%
North America1730.6%
Oceania40.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source11

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Households9,261 households31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain12Official
Labour force12,708 people31 Dec 2021Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain12Official

Alternatives for people set on Villaviciosa de Odón

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Tres Cantos as a Villaviciosa de Odón alternative in the same region

32 km away, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1.

  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,044 Tres Cantos vs 4,479 Villaviciosa de Odón−32%
  • Residents: 54,592 Tres Cantos vs 30,127 Villaviciosa de Odón+81%
  • Rent: €10.60/m² Tres Cantos vs €11.80/m² Villaviciosa de Odón−10%
  • Annual PM2.5: 8.0 µg/m³ Tres Cantos vs 11.0 µg/m³ Villaviciosa de Odón−27%
  • Nearest airport: 16.9 km Tres Cantos vs 31.8 km Villaviciosa de Odón−47%
  • Unemployment: 2.6% Tres Cantos vs 2.4% Villaviciosa de Odón+8%
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,336 Tres Cantos vs €2,336 Villaviciosa de Odónsame level
Full comparisonMore about Tres Cantos

Elda as a Villaviciosa de Odón alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 339 km, better on 3 of 5 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1.

  • Rent: €4.00/m² Elda vs €11.80/m² Villaviciosa de Odón−66%
  • Residents: 55,222 Elda vs 30,127 Villaviciosa de Odón+83%
  • Median gross pay, region: €1,888 Elda vs €2,336 Villaviciosa de Odón−19%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,318 Elda vs 4,479 Villaviciosa de Odón−4%
  • Nearest airport: 30.0 km Elda vs 31.8 km Villaviciosa de Odón−6%
Full comparisonMore about Elda

Cities near Villaviciosa de Odón

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Fuenlabrada Commuting Zone · 12.1 km away
Rent
8.3 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Parla Commuting Zone · 17.4 km away
Rent
7.5 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Madrid Commuting Zone · 18.1 km away
Rent
14 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2024-12-31
Pinto Commuting Zone · 21.7 km away
Rent
8.7 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Móstoles 4.2 km away
Rent
8 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Alcorcón 6.4 km away
Rent
9.4 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31
Brunete 8.9 km away
Rent
8.3 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2022-12-31

Alternative cities in Spain

Other cities in Spain to compare with Villaviciosa de Odón, nearest in population first.

All Spain cities
Pineda de Mar30,108 residentsAlaquàs30,166 residentsDurango30,192 residentsLa Oliva30,022 residentsCarmona30,240 residentsPuente Genil29,963 residents

How does Villaviciosa de Odón compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Villaviciosa de Odón's.

Open the full comparison

Villaviciosa de Odón in rankings

#10 of 30 in Cities with lowest unemployment in Spain

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Villaviciosa de Odón under the national coverage rules.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Regional reception programmes (aulas de enlace Madrid / aules d acollida Catalonia etc). How to enrol a child (educacionfpydeportes.gob.es).

A country-wide rule for Spain; Villaviciosa de Odón's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Is Villaviciosa de Odón part of Madrid?

Villaviciosa de Odón is in the published commuting zone of Madrid; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Madrid city profile

Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source7

Put Villaviciosa de Odón's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The published population was 30,127 people in January 2025. Source: Villaviciosa de Odón - official stats.

How much does it cost to rent in Villaviciosa de Odón?

Average net cold rent is 11.8 EUR/m² per month (2022), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 826 EUR a month before utilities. Source: cdn.mivau.gob.es.

Is the air quality good in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 11 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALCORCÓN).

How safe is Villaviciosa de Odón?

Police recorded about 4,479 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator..

What is the unemployment rate in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The unemployment rate is 2.4 % (June 2026). Source: SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026.

What is the typical salary around Villaviciosa de Odón?

The median gross salary is 2,336 EUR/month. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).

Is Villaviciosa de Odón a good place to live?

Villaviciosa de Odón may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Is Villaviciosa de Odón part of Madrid?

Villaviciosa de Odón is in the published commuting zone of Madrid; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.

Which cities are near Villaviciosa de Odón?

Fuenlabrada, Parla, Madrid, Pinto, Móstoles are near Villaviciosa de Odón. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Spain live in Villaviciosa de Odón?

The official country of birth distribution records 24,119 people (86.1%) in the source-defined population for 2021 Census. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain: population, rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 0e654bf0d69a62d17cbd12a56694712f]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/villaviciosa-de-odon/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_villaviciosa-de-odon-spain-population-rent-salary-jobs_2ac690dc2cb8,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain: population, rent, salary, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {0e654bf0d69a62d17cbd12a56694712f},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/villaviciosa-de-odon/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain: population, rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/es/villaviciosa-de-odon/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 0e654bf0d69a62d17cbd12a56694712f; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. cdn.mivau.gob.es cdn.mivau.gob.es · checked 2026-08-26
  2. DIGI 100GB mobile plan digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  3. DIGI 300 Mbps fibre digimobil.es · checked 2026-09-15
  4. EEA air quality statistics — ES NO2 annual mean 2024 (station MÓSTOLES) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  5. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM10 annual mean 2024 (station MÓSTOLES) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  6. EEA air quality statistics — ES PM2.5 annual mean 2024 (station ALCORCÓN) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  7. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  8. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-06
  9. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  10. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
Show 21 more sources
  1. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), Spain servicios.ine.es · checked 2026-08-30
  2. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain ine.es · checked 2026-08-07
  3. MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator. estadisticasdecriminalidad.ses.mir.es · checked 2026-07-16
  4. Official INE municipal population by country of nationality; foreign total derived as Total nationality minus España. ine.es · checked 2024-01-01
  5. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  6. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  7. SERPAVI 2026 — Tabla 2, Madrid SERPAVI 2026 · publicaciones.transportes.gob.es · checked 2026-07-26
  8. SETELECO Cobertura Banda Ancha España 2021-2025 digital.gob.es · checked 2025-06-30
  9. Villaviciosa de Odón - official stats ine.es · checked 2026-07-14
  10. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station MADRID/CUATRO VIENTOS WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  11. www.ign.es ign.es · checked 2026-08-30
  12. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  13. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  14. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  15. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026 SEPE · sepe.es · checked 2026-07-26
  20. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q2807 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
  21. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q824651 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.