Living in Perpignan
In Perpignan, rent averages €10.88 per m² a month (2025) and unemployment is 22.4% (2022).
The unemployment rate was 22.4% at the end of 2022. For Perpignan, the foreign population count was 15,653 in 2021.
Higher unemployment than 98% of French cities that publish it, more recorded crime than 98% of French cities that publish it and cleaner air than 77% of French cities that publish it.
Which France-wide rules apply when you move to Perpignan?
National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.
Housing and cost
How much does it cost to rent in Perpignan?
Average net cold rent is 10.88 EUR/m² per month (2025-Q3), excluding heating and operating charges.
Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.
- Average net rent (nettokalt): 10.88 EUR/m²/month · static.data.gouv.fr26
Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitness club membership, monthly | 27.34 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2022 | Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v237Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited | 29.99 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2022 | Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v237Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Private kindergarten, monthly | 547.3 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2022 | Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v237Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Meal at an inexpensive restaurant | 12.44 EUR | 31 Dec 2022 | Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v237Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| Mobile plan, 10 GB | 19.99 EUR/month | 30 Sept 2026 | Orange 100GB mobile plan23Official · national market |
| Basic utilities, 85 m² home | 143.3 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2022 | Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v237Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context |
| G02 Vacancy Rate Pct | 11,000 % | 31 Dec 2023 | INSEE11Official |
| Dwellings | 75,199 dwellings | 31 Dec 2023 | INSEE12Official |
| G05 Main Residential Dwellings | 60,980 dwellings | 31 Dec 2023 | INSEE12Official |
| Housing Vacancy Rate Percent | 14.63 % | 31 Dec 2023 | Logement en 2023 - Commune - France hors Mayotte17Official |
| Average net rent (nettokalt) | 10.88 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.60 | 31 Dec 2025 | static.data.gouv.fr26Official |
Is Perpignan a good place to live?
There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.
Worked out from these numbers
What does a 60 m² flat cost?
About 653 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 10.88 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.
Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.
Work and income
What is the unemployment rate in Perpignan?
The unemployment rate is about 22.4 % (2022).
- Unemployment rate: 22.44 % · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune14
Perpignan 22.4%
Unemployment rate (%)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fibre-to-the-building availability | 96.74 % | 3 Aug 2026 | Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse)3Official |
| Gigabit broadband availability | 98.47 % | 31 Mar 2026 | Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage.10Official |
| Median gross salary (regional) | 2,575 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2022 | www.insee.fr28Official |
| Unemployment rate | 22.44 %country median 11.0% | 31 Dec 2022 | INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune14Official |
Unemployment rate fell 2.1% between 2013 and 2022, from 22.9% to 22.4%.
What does a salary buy in Perpignan?
Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.
RentUtilitiesInternetMobileLeft over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
| Each month | € |
|---|---|
| Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions. | €1,961 |
| Rent, 60 m²€10.88/m² · official · static.data.gouv.fr · 2025-12-31 | − €653 |
| Public transport passnot published for this city | — |
| Utilities, 85 m²€143 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31 | − €143 |
| Internet€30 · market price · Global Cost of Living · 2022-12-31 | − €30 |
| Mobile plan€20 · official · Orange 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30 | − €20 |
| Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish | €1,114 |
Public employment service
No exact public employment office is currently linked to Perpignan. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.
France Travail — Public employment service
Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Perpignan. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.
Family and education
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary School Count | 71 count | 3 Aug 2026 | Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)19Official |
| School Count | 119 count | 3 Aug 2026 | Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)19Official |
School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 3 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: UPE2A (unités pédagogiques pour élèves allophones nouvellement arrivés) + UPE2A-NSA variant. How to enrol a child (education.gouv.fr).
A country-wide rule for France; Perpignan's school authority applies it locally.
Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.
Healthcare
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| GP practices | 38 count | 16 Sept 2026 | Annuaire Santé — RPPS authorized-practice extract2Official |
| Hospital beds per 100,000 residents | 1,058 beds per 100,000 | 31 Dec 2011 | DREES / DGOS – Statistique Annuelle des Établissements de Santé (SAE) 20114Official |
| Hospitals | 16 count | 4 May 2026 | FINESS Extraction du fichier des établissements6Official |
| Pharmacies | 51 count | 4 May 2026 | FINESS Extraction du fichier des établissements6Official |
| Physicians per 100,000 residents | 785.3 per 100,000 | 16 Sept 2026 | Annuaire Santé — RPPS authorized-practice extract2Official |
Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Perpignan when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.
Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.
Open the official coverage guideSafety
How safe is Perpignan?
Police recorded about 9,927 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)7
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burglaries per 100,000 residents | 642.6 incidents per 100,000 | 31 Dec 2025 | FR-SSMSI-communal-20257Official |
| Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents | 9,927 incidents per 100,000country median 4,740 | 31 Dec 2025 | Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)7Official |
| Violent crime per 100,000 residents | 1,818 incidents per 100,000 | 31 Dec 2025 | FR-SSMSI-communal-20257Official |
Mobility and administration
Language courses and integration
No exact city-level course record is currently published for Perpignan. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.
Contrat d’intégration républicaine (CIR) — Integration course
État français and OFII
For eligible non-EU foreign residents.
DIAN language-training offer finder — Other
Réseau des Carif-Oref and DIAN
For people seeking French-language training.
Climate and air quality
Average high temperatures were 12.7°C in January and 29.5°C in July. Monthly precipitation was 60.1 mm in January and 15.1 mm in July. Annual PM2.5 was 7.64 µg/m³ in 2024.
Is the air quality good in Perpignan?
The annual PM2.5 mean is about 7.6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.
Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.
- PM2.5 — annual mean: 7.64 µg/m³ · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1
Night-time low to daytime high
mm
hours
Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³
City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.
Perpignan 7.6
Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO₂ — annual mean | 24.48 µg/m³country median 14.8 | 2024 | 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official |
| NO₂ — latest reading | 28.5 µg/m³ | 15 Jul 2026 | Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata.16Official |
| PM10 — annual mean | 18.59 µg/m³country median 14.2 | 2024 | 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official |
| PM2.5 — annual mean | 7.64 µg/m³country median 8.5 | 2024 | 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official |
| Average daytime high by month | Jan 12.7 · Feb 13.4 · Mar 16.4 · Apr 18.7 · May 22.3 · Jun 26.8 · Jul 29.5 · Aug 29.4 · Sep 25.6 · Oct 21.2 · Nov 16.3 · Dec 13.3 °C | 31 Dec 2020 | Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, PERPIGNAN, 1991-202018Official |
| Average night-time low by month | Jan 4.8 · Feb 5 · Mar 7.6 · Apr 9.7 · May 13.3 · Jun 17.2 · Jul 19.7 · Aug 19.7 · Sep 16.1 · Oct 12.9 · Nov 8.4 · Dec 5.3 °C | 31 Dec 2020 | Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly minimum air temperature, PERPIGNAN, 1991-202018Official |
| Average temperature by month | Jan 8.7 · Feb 9.2 · Mar 12 · Apr 14.2 · May 17.8 · Jun 22 · Jul 24.6 · Aug 24.5 · Sep 20.9 · Oct 17 · Nov 12.3 · Dec 9.3 °C | 1991–2020 | WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PERPIGNAN27Official · nearest-station reading |
| Average precipitation by month | Jan 60.1 · Feb 40.9 · Mar 51.6 · Apr 66.1 · May 45.6 · Jun 23.6 · Jul 15.1 · Aug 22.7 · Sep 43 · Oct 82.1 · Nov 72.6 · Dec 54.9 mm | 31 Dec 2020 | Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly precipitation, PERPIGNAN, 1991-202018Official |
| Average sunshine by month | Jan 140.9 · Feb 163.6 · Mar 206.6 · Apr 219.8 · May 240.7 · Jun 267.6 · Jul 299.9 · Aug 272.9 · Sep 223.8 · Oct 175.1 · Nov 146.8 · Dec 131 hours | 31 Dec 2020 | Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly sunshine duration, PERPIGNAN, 1991-202018Official |
Annual PM2.5 fell 41.2% between 2013 and 2024, from 13.0 to 7.6.
Population and city profile
The city covered 68 km² in 2024. Population density was 1,786.6 people per km² in 2023.
How many people live in Perpignan?
The published population was 121,616 people in 2023. Source: INSEE — Populations légales 2023, Perpignan (commune 66136)13
By nationality
National passport87.1%Foreign residents12.9%
Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| City area | 68 km² | 1 Jan 2024 | France city identity collection8Official |
| Foreign-resident share | 12.2 % | 31 Dec 2022 | Eurostat5Official |
| Foreign residents | 15,653 people | 2021 | Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT121Official |
| Population density | 1,787 people/km² | 31 Dec 2023 | Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte25Official |
| Population | 121,616 people | 1 Jan 2023 | INSEE — Populations légales 2023, Perpignan (commune 66136)13Official |
Population fell 14.6% between 2013 and 2023, from 142,382 to 121,616.
Foreign residents rose 45.2% between 2013 and 2022, from 11,998 to 17,422.
International community in Perpignan
Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.
Citizenship
Population resident in France excluding Mayotte; INSEE RP2023 NAT; total age and sex · 2023 Census
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 121,616 | 100.0% |
| Français | 104,393.886 | 85.8% |
| Etranger | 17,222.114 | 14.2% |
Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source15
Additional context
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Universities | 1 count | 3 Aug 2026 | Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)20Official |
Alternatives for people set on Perpignan
Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.
Cabestany as a Perpignan alternative in the same region
4 km away, better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.
- Hospital beds, per 100k: 2,548.6 Cabestany vs 1,057.8 Perpignan+141%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,758 Cabestany vs 9,927 Perpignan−52%
- Unemployment: 12.9% Cabestany vs 22.4% Perpignan−42%
- Residents: 10,465 Cabestany vs 121,616 Perpignan−91%
- Nearest airport: 9.0 km Cabestany vs 5.0 km Perpignan+80%
- Rent: €11.61/m² Cabestany vs €10.88/m² Perpignan+7%
- Median gross pay, region: €2,575 Cabestany vs €2,575 Perpignansame level
Limoges as a Perpignan alternative in the same country
A move, not a commute, at 372 km, better on 5 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.
- Rent: €9.06/m² Limoges vs €10.88/m² Perpignan−17%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 6,923 Limoges vs 9,927 Perpignan−30%
- Unemployment: 16.1% Limoges vs 22.4% Perpignan−28%
- Empty flats: 9.2% Limoges vs 14.6% Perpignan−37%
- Hospital beds, per 100k: 1,216.2 Limoges vs 1,057.8 Perpignan+15%
- Annual PM2.5: 6.7 µg/m³ Limoges vs 7.6 µg/m³ Perpignan−12%
- Nearest airport: 6.0 km Limoges vs 5.0 km Perpignan+20%
Cities near Perpignan
Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.
- Rent
- 11.61 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 11.32 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 10.47 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 10.45 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 10.72 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 11.59 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 10.64 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
- Rent
- 10.81 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
Alternative cities in France
Other cities in France to compare with Perpignan, nearest in population first.
How does Perpignan compare?
Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Perpignan's.
Perpignan in rankings
Common questions
Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.
How many people live in Perpignan?
The published population was 121,616 people in 2023. Source: INSEE — Populations légales 2023, Perpignan (commune 66136).
How much does it cost to rent in Perpignan?
Average net cold rent is 10.88 EUR/m² per month (2025-Q3), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 762 EUR a month before utilities. Source: static.data.gouv.fr.
Is the air quality good in Perpignan?
The annual PM2.5 mean is about 7.6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation..
How safe is Perpignan?
Police recorded about 9,927 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026).
What is the unemployment rate in Perpignan?
The unemployment rate is about 22.4 % (2022). Source: INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune.
What is the typical salary around Perpignan?
The median gross salary is 2,575 EUR/month. Source: www.insee.fr.
Is Perpignan a good place to live?
Perpignan may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.
Which cities are near Perpignan?
Cabestany, Saint-Estève, Bompas, Pia, Toulouges are near Perpignan. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.
How many people are in the Total citizenship group in Perpignan?
The official citizenship distribution records 121,616 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2023 Census. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.
Cite this page
Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.
APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 24). Perpignan, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 69618f84e5a7c13cdc3d9537192e8114]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/perpignan/ Retrieved 2026-09-24. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_perpignan-france-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_f43867ec75be,
author = {ImmigrationDB},
title = {Perpignan, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-09-24},
version = {69618f84e5a7c13cdc3d9537192e8114},
url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/perpignan/},
note = {Retrieved 2026-09-24. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}Markdown citation
[Perpignan, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/perpignan/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 69618f84e5a7c13cdc3d9537192e8114; retrieved 2026-09-24; built 2026-09-24.This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.
Sources
- 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation. air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-15
- Annuaire Santé — RPPS authorized-practice extract Annuaire Santé · data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-16
- Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse) data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-08-03
- DREES / DGOS – Statistique Annuelle des Établissements de Santé (SAE) 2011 data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
- Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-02
- FINESS Extraction du fichier des établissements data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-15
- FR-SSMSI-communal-2025 static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-15
- France city identity collection migrationfit.com · checked 2026-06-30
- GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
- Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage. data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-03-31
Show 28 more sources
- INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
- INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
- INSEE — Populations légales 2023, Perpignan (commune 66136) INSEE · insee.fr · checked 2026-08-13
- INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune INSEE RP2022 ACT1 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
- Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), France api.insee.fr · checked 2026-08-30
- Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata. files.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-15
- Logement en 2023 - Commune - France hors Mayotte insee.fr · checked 2026-09-17
- Météo-France climate normal — mean monthly maximum air temperature, PERPIGNAN, 1991-2020 Météo-France climate normal · meteofrance.com · checked 2026-07-27
- Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr) data.education.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
- Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr) data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
- Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT1 Nationalité en 2021 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-15
- OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
- Orange 100GB mobile plan boutique.orange.fr · checked 2026-09-15
- OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
- Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte Séries historiques en 2023 · insee.fr · checked 2026-09-24
- static.data.gouv.fr static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-27
- WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PERPIGNAN WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
- www.insee.fr insee.fr · checked 2026-08-27
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Global Cost of Living — Kaggle snapshot v2 Global Cost of Living · kaggle.com · checked 2026-07-27
- Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q1071937 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05
Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.