Living in Torre Annunziata
In Torre Annunziata, rent averages €5.65 per m² a month (2025) and unemployment is 13.8% (2023).
At the start of 2026, the foreign population was 772. The city covers 7.59 km², with a population density of 5,204.2 people per km² at the start of 2026.
Higher unemployment than 94% of Italian cities that publish it and less recorded crime than any other Italian city that publishes it.
Which Italy-wide rules apply when you move to Torre Annunziata?
National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.
Housing and cost
How much does it cost to rent in Torre Annunziata?
Average net cold rent is 5.65 EUR/m² per month (2025-S2), excluding heating and operating charges.
Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.
- Average net rent (nettokalt): 5.65 EUR/m²/month · Collected source1
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited | 29.9 EUR/month | 30 Sept 2026 | iliadbox fixed fibre5Official · national market |
| Mobile plan, 10 GB | 11.99 EUR/month | 30 Sept 2026 | iliad GIGA mobile tariff4Official · national market |
| Dwellings | 19,515 dwellings | 31 Dec 2021 | Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)7Official |
| Main residence dwellings | 14,964 dwellings | 31 Dec 2021 | Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)8Official |
| Average net rent (nettokalt) | 5.65 EUR/m²/month | 31 Dec 2025 | Collected source1Official · municipality zone median |
Is Torre Annunziata a good place to live?
There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.
Worked out from these numbers
What does a 60 m² flat cost?
About 339 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 5.65 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.
Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.
Work and income
What is the unemployment rate in Torre Annunziata?
The unemployment rate is about 13.8 % (2023).
- Unemployment rate: 13.79 % · Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)14
Torre Annunziata 13.8%
Unemployment rate (%)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| People in employment | 11,605 people | 31 Dec 2021 | Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)9Official |
| Median gross salary (regional) | 1,582 EUR/month | 31 Dec 2024 | servizi2.inps.it24Official |
| Unemployment rate | 13.79 %country median 6.0% | 31 Dec 2023 | Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)14Official |
What does a salary buy in Torre Annunziata?
Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.
RentInternetMobileLeft over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
| Each month | € |
|---|---|
| Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions. | €1,371 |
| Rent, 60 m²€5.65/m² · official · Collected source · 2025-12-31 | − €339 |
| Internet€30 · official · iliadbox fixed fibre · 2026-09-30 | − €30 |
| Mobile plan€12 · official · iliad GIGA mobile tariff · 2026-09-30 | − €12 |
| Other everyday billsnot published for this city: public transport pass, utilities | — |
| Left overbefore the bills this city does not publish | €990 |
Public employment service
No exact public employment office is currently linked to Torre Annunziata. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.
Centri per l'impiego — Public employment service
Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Torre Annunziata. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.
Family and education
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary schools | 8 count | 3 Aug 2026 | Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it)17Official |
| Schools | 38 count | 3 Aug 2026 | Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it)17Official |
School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 16, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: Italian L2 laboratories and support for foreign pupils (DPR 394/1999 art 45 route). How to enrol a child (istruzione.it).
A country-wide rule for Italy; Torre Annunziata's school authority applies it locally.
Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2026.
Safety
How safe is Torre Annunziata?
Police recorded about 4,489 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Tasso di delittuosità - prov25
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents | 4,489 incidents per 100,000 | 31 Dec 2024 | Tasso di delittuosità - prov25Official · county |
Mobility and administration
Language courses and integration
No exact city-level course record is currently published for Torre Annunziata. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.
CPIA public Italian-language and orientation courses for foreign adults — State Language Course
Italian public adult-education system — Centri Provinciali per l'Istruzione degli Adulti
For foreign adults, people seeking Italian language and culture courses.
L.O.R.R. — Language, Orientation, Recognition and Networks with CPIA — Job-related language course
Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies / FAMI 2021-2027 programme
For third-country nationals, vulnerable migrants, unaccompanied minors.
Climate and air quality
Is the air quality good in Torre Annunziata?
The annual PM2.5 mean is 15 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: European Environment Agency2
Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.
Within WHO 2021 guidelineAbove WHO, within EU limitAbove EU legal limitCity annual mean · µg/m³
City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.
Torre Annunziata 15.0
Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO₂ — annual mean | 19 µg/m³country median 15.0 | 31 Dec 2024 | European Environment Agency2Official |
| PM2.5 — annual mean | 15 µg/m³country median 14.0 | 31 Dec 2024 | European Environment Agency2Official |
| Monthly extreme high temperature | Jan 17.82 · Feb 19.26 · Mar 21.95 · Apr 29.22 · May 31.97 · Jun 37.33 · Jul 38.96 · Aug 40.65 · Sep 35.73 · Oct 29.03 · Nov 24.95 · Dec 18.39 °C | 31 Dec 2001 | NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center18Official |
| Monthly extreme low temperature | Jan -3.93 · Feb -3.34 · Mar -2.25 · Apr -1.23 · May 4.94 · Jun 9.76 · Jul 14.02 · Aug 14.4 · Sep 9.26 · Oct 5.18 · Nov 0.15 · Dec -2.73 °C | 31 Dec 2001 | NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center18Official |
| Average temperature by month | Jan 7.25 · Feb 7.56 · Mar 9.97 · Apr 13.28 · May 17.48 · Jun 22.46 · Jul 25.52 · Aug 25.67 · Sep 21.14 · Oct 17.06 · Nov 12.62 · Dec 8.47 °C | 31 Dec 2001 | NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center18Official |
Annual PM2.5 fell 16.7% between 2015 and 2024, from 18.0 to 15.0.
Population and city profile
How many people live in Torre Annunziata?
The published population was 39,719 people in 2025. Source: ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 202512
By nationality
National passport98.1%
Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.
| Metric | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cars per 1,000 residents | 552.7 cars/1000 residents | 31 Dec 2023 | IstatData / ACI Pubblico registro automobilistico13Official |
| City area | 7.59 km² | 2026 | Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage.20Official |
| Foreign residents | 772 people | 1 Jan 2026 | Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total.19Official |
| Population density | 5,204 people/km² | 1 Jan 2026 | Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage.21Official |
| Female residents | 20,660 people | 31 Dec 2024 | Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)6Official |
| Male residents | 19,059 people | 31 Dec 2024 | Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics)6Official |
| Population | 39,719 people | 1 Jan 2025 | ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 202512Official |
Population fell 4.9% between 2018 and 2025, from 41,778 to 39,719.
International community in Torre Annunziata
Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.
Country of birth
Resident population in Italy at 1 January 2025; source-native country dimension; total sex · 2025-01-01
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Derived source total (sum of all published country rows) | 39,719 | 100.0% |
| Italia | 38,841 | 97.8% |
| Ucraina | 245 | 0.6% |
| Germania | 79 | 0.2% |
| Romania | 73 | 0.2% |
| Polonia | 44 | 0.1% |
| Filippine | 38 | 0.1% |
| Bulgaria | 36 | 0.1% |
| Cina | 26 | 0.1% |
| Brasile | 26 | 0.1% |
Show 60 more groups
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Federazione russa | 22 | 0.1% |
| Svizzera | 17 | 0.0% |
| India | 17 | 0.0% |
| Marocco | 17 | 0.0% |
| Francia | 16 | 0.0% |
| Senegal | 15 | 0.0% |
| Bangladesh | 13 | 0.0% |
| Regno Unito | 10 | 0.0% |
| Nigeria | 10 | 0.0% |
| Tunisia | 10 | 0.0% |
| Venezuela | 9 | 0.0% |
| Cuba | 8 | 0.0% |
| Perù | 8 | 0.0% |
| Albania | 7 | 0.0% |
| Burundi | 7 | 0.0% |
| Ghana | 7 | 0.0% |
| Argentina | 7 | 0.0% |
| Grecia | 6 | 0.0% |
| Spagna | 6 | 0.0% |
| Pakistan | 6 | 0.0% |
| Bolivia | 6 | 0.0% |
| Sri Lanka | 5 | 0.0% |
| Georgia | 5 | 0.0% |
| Gambia | 5 | 0.0% |
| Ungheria | 4 | 0.0% |
| Croazia | 4 | 0.0% |
| Moldova | 4 | 0.0% |
| Stati Uniti d'America | 4 | 0.0% |
| Cile | 4 | 0.0% |
| Colombia | 4 | 0.0% |
| Belgio | 3 | 0.0% |
| Indonesia | 3 | 0.0% |
| Egitto | 3 | 0.0% |
| Kenya | 3 | 0.0% |
| Australia | 3 | 0.0% |
| Portogallo | 2 | 0.0% |
| Lettonia | 2 | 0.0% |
| Bielorussia | 2 | 0.0% |
| Serbia | 2 | 0.0% |
| Vietnam | 2 | 0.0% |
| Libia | 2 | 0.0% |
| Repubblica Democratica del Congo | 2 | 0.0% |
| Canada | 2 | 0.0% |
| Malta | 1 | 0.0% |
| Monaco | 1 | 0.0% |
| Estonia | 1 | 0.0% |
| Lituania | 1 | 0.0% |
| Macedonia del Nord | 1 | 0.0% |
| Montenegro | 1 | 0.0% |
| Emirati Arabi Uniti | 1 | 0.0% |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0.0% |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | 0.0% |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | 0.0% |
| Azerbaigian | 1 | 0.0% |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 0.0% |
| Sudafrica | 1 | 0.0% |
| Repubblica Dominicana | 1 | 0.0% |
| Panama | 1 | 0.0% |
| Ecuador | 1 | 0.0% |
| Nuova Zelanda | 1 | 0.0% |
Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source16
Citizenship
Resident population in Italy at 1 January 2025; source-native country dimension; total sex · 2025-01-01
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Derived source total (sum of all published country rows) | 39,719 | 100.0% |
| Italia | 39,005 | 98.2% |
| Ucraina | 257 | 0.6% |
| Romania | 112 | 0.3% |
| Cina | 41 | 0.1% |
| Filippine | 37 | 0.1% |
| Polonia | 35 | 0.1% |
| Bulgaria | 28 | 0.1% |
| Croazia | 22 | 0.1% |
| India | 16 | 0.0% |
Show 37 more groups
| Published group | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Marocco | 16 | 0.0% |
| Senegal | 16 | 0.0% |
| Bangladesh | 14 | 0.0% |
| Nigeria | 10 | 0.0% |
| Serbia | 9 | 0.0% |
| Ghana | 8 | 0.0% |
| Pakistan | 7 | 0.0% |
| Brasile | 7 | 0.0% |
| Albania | 6 | 0.0% |
| Sri Lanka | 6 | 0.0% |
| Federazione russa | 5 | 0.0% |
| Georgia | 5 | 0.0% |
| Burundi | 5 | 0.0% |
| Gambia | 5 | 0.0% |
| Tunisia | 5 | 0.0% |
| Colombia | 5 | 0.0% |
| Spagna | 4 | 0.0% |
| Bolivia | 4 | 0.0% |
| Francia | 3 | 0.0% |
| Indonesia | 3 | 0.0% |
| Egitto | 3 | 0.0% |
| Cuba | 3 | 0.0% |
| Moldova | 2 | 0.0% |
| Bielorussia | 2 | 0.0% |
| Germania | 1 | 0.0% |
| Grecia | 1 | 0.0% |
| Malta | 1 | 0.0% |
| Estonia | 1 | 0.0% |
| Lettonia | 1 | 0.0% |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 0.0% |
| Congo | 1 | 0.0% |
| Kenya | 1 | 0.0% |
| Repubblica Democratica del Congo | 1 | 0.0% |
| Stati Uniti d'America | 1 | 0.0% |
| Argentina | 1 | 0.0% |
| Perù | 1 | 0.0% |
| Venezuela | 1 | 0.0% |
Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source15
Additional context
Alternatives for people set on Torre Annunziata
Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.
Scafati as a Torre Annunziata alternative in the same region
7 km away, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.
- Rent: €3.85/m² Scafati vs €5.65/m² Torre Annunziata−32%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,247 Scafati vs 4,489 Torre Annunziata−28%
- Unemployment: 11.3% Scafati vs 13.8% Torre Annunziata−18%
- Median gross pay, region: €1,379 Scafati vs €1,582 Torre Annunziata−13%
- Annual PM2.5: 12.0 µg/m³ Scafati vs 15.0 µg/m³ Torre Annunziata−20%
- Nearest airport: 25.0 km Scafati vs 20.0 km Torre Annunziata+25%
- Residents: 47,667 Scafati vs 39,719 Torre Annunziata+20%
Gallarate as a Torre Annunziata alternative in the same country
A move, not a commute, at 712 km, better on 6 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0.
- Unemployment: 6.6% Gallarate vs 13.8% Torre Annunziata−52%
- Median gross pay, region: €2,253 Gallarate vs €1,582 Torre Annunziata+42%
- Rent: €4.55/m² Gallarate vs €5.65/m² Torre Annunziata−19%
- Nearest airport: 6.0 km Gallarate vs 20.0 km Torre Annunziata−70%
- Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,778 Gallarate vs 4,489 Torre Annunziata−16%
- Residents: 52,902 Gallarate vs 39,719 Torre Annunziata+33%
- Annual PM2.5: 13.0 µg/m³ Gallarate vs 15.0 µg/m³ Torre Annunziata−13%
Budapest as a Torre Annunziata alternative in another country
Better on 2 of 2 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0. Rent and median gross pay, region cannot be compared like for like.
- Rent: €16.94/m² (2026) Budapest vs €5.65/m² (2025) Torre Annunziatano percentage
- Median gross pay, region: €2,534 (2026) Budapest vs €1,582 (2024) Torre Annunziatano percentage
- Annual PM2.5: 13.0 µg/m³ Budapest vs 15.0 µg/m³ Torre Annunziata−13%
- Nearest airport: 18.0 km Budapest vs 20.0 km Torre Annunziata−10%
Cities near Torre Annunziata
Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.
- Rent
- 9.1 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
Alternative cities in Italy
Other cities in Italy to compare with Torre Annunziata, nearest in population first.
How does Torre Annunziata compare?
Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Torre Annunziata's.
Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Torre Annunziata when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.
Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.
Open the official coverage guideIs Torre Annunziata part of Naples?
Torre Annunziata is in the published commuting zone of Naples; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Naples city profile
Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source3
Common questions
Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.
How many people live in Torre Annunziata?
The published population was 39,719 people in 2025. Source: ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025.
How much does it cost to rent in Torre Annunziata?
Average net cold rent is 5.65 EUR/m² per month (2025-S2), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 396 EUR a month before utilities. Source: Collected source.
Is the air quality good in Torre Annunziata?
The annual PM2.5 mean is 15 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: European Environment Agency.
How safe is Torre Annunziata?
Police recorded about 4,489 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Tasso di delittuosità - prov.
What is the unemployment rate in Torre Annunziata?
The unemployment rate is about 13.8 % (2023). Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT).
What is the typical salary around Torre Annunziata?
The median gross salary is 1,582 EUR/month. Source: servizi2.inps.it.
Is Torre Annunziata a good place to live?
Torre Annunziata may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.
Is Torre Annunziata part of Naples?
Torre Annunziata is in the published commuting zone of Naples; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.
Which cities are near Torre Annunziata?
Naples, Trecase, Boscoreale, Boscotrecase, Pompei are near Torre Annunziata. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.
How many people born in Derived source total (sum of all published country rows) live in Torre Annunziata?
The official country of birth distribution records 39,719 people (100.0%) in the source-defined population for 2025-01-01. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.
Cite this page
Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.
APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Torre Annunziata, Italy: population, rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 51dc950636bfda44ccf8047dcafdd5a0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/torre-annunziata/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_torre-annunziata-italy-population-rent-salary-jobs_7eefba6d88e7,
author = {ImmigrationDB},
title = {Torre Annunziata, Italy: population, rent, salary, jobs},
publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-10-16},
version = {51dc950636bfda44ccf8047dcafdd5a0},
url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/torre-annunziata/},
note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}Markdown citation
[Torre Annunziata, Italy: population, rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/it/torre-annunziata/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 51dc950636bfda44ccf8047dcafdd5a0; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.
Sources
- Collected source www1.agenziaentrate.gov.it · checked 2026-08-05
- European Environment Agency air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-03
- GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
- iliad GIGA mobile tariff iliad.it · checked 2026-09-15
- iliadbox fixed fibre iliad.it · checked 2026-09-15
- Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
- Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
- Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
- Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
- Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
Show 24 more sources
- Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-08-07
- ISTAT municipality population and citizenship tables 2025 demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-26
- IstatData / ACI Pubblico registro automobilistico istat.it · checked 2026-08-08
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) istat.it · checked 2026-08-04
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat), Italy citizenship distribution demo.istat.it · checked 2026-08-28
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat), Italy country of birth distribution demo.istat.it · checked 2026-08-28
- Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito (dati.istruzione.it) dati.istruzione.it · checked 2026-08-03
- NASA POWER / NASA Langley Research Center power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
- Official ISTAT STRASA estimate of resident foreign population by municipality at 1 January 2026; Età=999 is the total. demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
- Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. situas-servizi.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
- Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. demo.istat.it · checked 2026-07-15
- OpenFlights raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-08-03
- OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
- servizi2.inps.it servizi2.inps.it · checked 2026-08-27
- Tasso di delittuosità - prov esploradati.istat.it · checked 2026-09-23
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
- Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.