London
London had 8,799,728 residents in Greater London in 2021, with a median age of 35.7 years. In 2024, the city had 3,822,330 dwellings. A monthly estimate placed private kindergarten fees at €2,332 in July 2026.
Who London may suit
Relative profile scores use comparable published values. They are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.
Population and city profile
Derived from the published population and foreign-resident counts.
| Metric | Value | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foreign residents | 3,575,719 people | 2026-07-292021 | Official sourceONS Census 2021 TS012 country of birth, London local authorities Source-backed value · Greater London |
| Population | 9,089,736 people | 2026-07-162024 | Official sourceONS mid-year population estimate for London Source-backed value · Greater London |
Housing
In 2024, the city had 3,822,330 homes.
| Metric | Value | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dwellings | 3,822,330 dwellings | 2026-07-162024 | Official sourceGreater London dwelling stock / homes total Source-backed value |
Cost of living
July 2026 practical estimates placed basic utilities for an 85 m² home at €336.95 per month, internet at €35.36 and an inexpensive restaurant meal at €23.16. A monthly estimate placed a mobile plan with at least 10 GB of data at €16 in July 2026. A monthly estimate placed a fitness-club membership at €53.86 in July 2026.
Published city cost observations. Some items come from the supplemental estimate lane and are not official statistics.
| Metric | Value | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitness club membership, monthly | 53.86 EUR/month | 2026-07-26Fresh | Commercial estimateLebenshaltungskosten in London Supplemental context |
| Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited | 35.3587 EUR/month | 2026-07-26Fresh | Commercial estimateLebenshaltungskosten in London Supplemental context |
| Private kindergarten, monthly | 2,331.7163 EUR/month | 2026-07-26Fresh | Commercial estimateLebenshaltungskosten in London Supplemental context |
| Meal at an inexpensive restaurant | 23.1557 EUR | 2026-07-26Fresh | Commercial estimateLebenshaltungskosten in London Supplemental context |
| Mobile plan, 10 GB | 16.209 EUR/month | 2026-07-26Fresh | Commercial estimateLebenshaltungskosten in London Supplemental context |
| Monthly transport pass | 222.03 EUR/month | 2026-08-012024 | Supplemental estimateNumbeo — Cost of Living in London (Wayback capture 20241231223328) Supplemental context |
| Basic utilities, 85 m² home | 336.9495 EUR/month | 2026-07-26Fresh | Commercial estimateLebenshaltungskosten in London Supplemental context |
Work and income
The city employment rate was 74.3% in 2025. The unemployment rate was 6.5% from March to May 2026.
| Metric | Value | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment rate | 74.3 % | 2026-07-16Aging | Official sourceONS mid-year population estimate for London Source-backed value |
| Median gross salary (regional) | 4,223.6218 EUR/month | 2026-07-29Aging | Official sourceOffice for National Statistics — ASHE Table 7.1a, 2025 provisional Source-backed value · regional context |
| Unemployment rate | 7.4 % | 2026-07-16Fresh | Official sourceONS mid-year population estimate for London Source-backed value |
Unemployment rate fell 34.1% between 1996 and 2026, from 11.2% to 7.4%.
Each point keeps the source and period it was published with.
Climate and air quality
Monthly mean temperature moved from 6°C in January to 19.2°C in July. Monthly precipitation ranged from 37 mm in March to 66.9 mm in October. Annual PM2.5 was 11.2 µg/m³ in 2019. Average July highs reached 23.6°C.
Published monthly climate normals for this city.
Published monthly climate normals for this city.
Published monthly climate normals for this city.
City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.
Published annual means from the same national measurement network.
| Metric | Value | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 — annual mean | 11.206 µg/m³country median 6.5 — 72% above | 2026-07-262019 | Independent sourceWHO Ambient Air Quality Database V6.1 (update 2024) Source-backed value |
| Average daytime high by month | Jan 8.6 · Feb 9.1 · Mar 11.9 · Apr 15.1 · May 18.4 · Jun 21.4 · Jul 23.6 · Aug 23.3 · Sep 20.2 · Oct 15.9 · Nov 11.6 · Dec 9 °C | 2026-07-262020 | Independent sourceWMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV Source-backed value |
| Average night-time low by month | Jan 3.5 · Feb 3.5 · Mar 5.1 · Apr 6.9 · May 9.7 · Jun 12.5 · Jul 14.7 · Aug 14.6 · Sep 12.3 · Oct 9.5 · Nov 6.1 · Dec 3.9 °C | 2026-07-262020 | Independent sourceWMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV Source-backed value |
| Average temperature by month | Jan 6 · Feb 6.3 · Mar 8.5 · Apr 11 · May 14 · Jun 17 · Jul 19.2 · Aug 18.9 · Sep 16.2 · Oct 12.7 · Nov 8.8 · Dec 6.4 °C | 2026-07-262020 | Independent sourceWMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV Source-backed value |
| Average precipitation by month | Jan 58.1 · Feb 43.6 · Mar 37 · Apr 42.5 · May 44.7 · Jun 50.5 · Jul 43.1 · Aug 54.9 · Sep 49.8 · Oct 66.9 · Nov 65.7 · Dec 58.6 mm | 2026-07-262020 | Independent sourceWMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV Source-backed value |
| Average sunshine by month | Jan 0 · Feb 0 · Mar 0 · Apr 0 · May 0 · Jun 0 · Jul 0 · Aug 0 · Sep 0 · Oct 0 · Nov 0 · Dec 0 hours | 2026-07-262020 | Independent sourceWMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 station CSV Source-backed value |
Additional context
| Metric | Value | Verified | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residents born abroad | 41 % | 2026-07-162021 | Official sourceONS mid-year population estimate for London Source-backed value · Greater London; residents |
| Median age | 35.7 years | 2026-07-162024 | Official sourceONS mid-year population estimate for London Source-backed value · Greater London |
Worked out from these numbers
Arithmetic on the published values above. Each one names what it assumed.
How international is the population?
39.3% of residents hold a foreign nationality — 3,575,719 people of 9,089,736 people. This counts nationality, not place of birth, so long-settled residents who naturalised are not in it.
Common questions
Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.
What is the typical salary around London?
The median gross salary is 4,223.6218 EUR/month. Source: Office for National Statistics — ASHE Table 7.1a, 2025 provisional, checked 2026-07-29.
What is the unemployment rate in London?
The unemployment rate is 7.4 %. Source: ONS mid-year population estimate for London, checked 2026-07-16.
Is the air quality good in London?
The annual PM2.5 mean is 11.206 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. Source: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database V6.1 (update 2024), checked 2026-07-26.
How many people live in London?
The published population is 9,089,736 people. Source: ONS mid-year population estimate for London, checked 2026-07-16.
How many foreign residents live in London?
3,575,719 people residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: ONS Census 2021 TS012 country of birth, London local authorities, checked 2026-07-29.
How much is public transport in London?
A monthly transport pass is 222.03 EUR/month. This is a supplemental estimate, not an official municipal measurement. Source: Numbeo — Cost of Living in London (Wayback capture 20241231223328), checked 2026-08-01.
Cities of a similar size in United Kingdom
Closest published populations, for a like-for-like comparison.
Sources
Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.