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Living in Orsay

In Orsay, advertised rents for new lettings average €19.58 per m² a month (2025) and unemployment is 7.5% (2022).

The city had 16 schools in 2026. There were 97 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2024. Annual PM2.5 was 9.79 µg/m³ in 2024. Orsay had a population of 16,498 at the start of 2023. Annual NO₂ was 23.7 µg/m³ in 2024. The city covered 8 km² in 2026. Population density was 2,070.0 people per km² in 2023.

Last checked 2026-09-2437 sources

Population16,498people1 Jan 2023Official source · INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune
Median gross salary (region)3,317EUR/month31 Dec 2022Official source · www.insee.fr
Average net rent19.58EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.60 — 69% aboveOfficial source · "Carte des loyers" - Indicateurs de loyers d'annonce par commune en 2025
Unemployment rate7.45%country median 11.0% — 32% belowOfficial source · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune
Recorded crime5,791incidents per 100,000country median 4,740 — 22% aboveOfficial source · Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)
PM2.5, annual mean9.79µg/m³country median 8.5 — 16% aboveOfficial source · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.

Pricier rent than 93% of French cities that publish it, lower unemployment than 87% of French cities that publish it and more recorded crime than 72% of French cities that publish it.

Which France-wide rules apply when you move to Orsay?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in FranceNational rates and thresholds that apply in Orsay.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Orsay?

Average net cold rent is about 19.58 EUR/m² per month (2025-Q3), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 19.58 EUR/m²/month · "Carte des loyers" - Indicateurs de loyers d'annonce par commune en 20251
What recurs every month3 published recurring costs, € per month
Orsay recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Transport pass€91
Internet, 60 Mbps€43
Mobile plan, 10 GB€20
Net rent across major citiesOrsay highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Orsay highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Paris€26.30
Nice€20.43
Orsay€19.58
Lyon€16.57
Nantes€14.50
Toulouse€13.98
Show the other 6 cities
Marseille€16.30
Bordeaux€15.99
Lille€15.76
Strasbourg€15.57
Montpellier€15.49
Rennes€14.87
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited42.99 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Orange Livebox Fibre22Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB19.99 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Orange 100GB mobile plan21Official · national market
Monthly transport pass90.8 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Forfait Navigo Mois - Ile-de-France Mobilites6Official
Housing vacancy rate (legacy series)630.3 %31 Dec 2023INSEE9Official
Dwellings8,374 dwellings31 Dec 2023INSEE10Official
Main residence dwellings7,448 dwellings31 Dec 2023INSEE10Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)19.58 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.6030 Sept 2025"Carte des loyers" - Indicateurs de loyers d'annonce par commune en 20251Official

Is Orsay a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker47%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 39–55%
Skilled employee58%strong on work, weak on safety · range 50–66%
Student36%strong on education, weak on housing · range 29–43%
Family49%strong on family, weak on cost · range 42–56%
Retirement42%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 33–51%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 1,175 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of about 19.58 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2025-Q3

Work and income

The unemployment rate was 7.45% at the end of 2022.

What is the unemployment rate in Orsay?

The unemployment rate is about 7.5 % (2022).

  • Unemployment rate: 7.45 % · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune14
Unemployment across cities in FranceUnemployment in Orsay is 7.5%. Of 2,240 cities with data, 898 have unemployment of 5 to under 10%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fibre-to-the-building availability97.12 %3 Aug 2026Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse)3Official
Gigabit broadband availability97.12 %31 Mar 2026Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage.8Official
Median gross salary (regional)3,317 EUR/month31 Dec 2022www.insee.fr28Official
Unemployment rate7.45 %country median 11.0%31 Dec 2022INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune14Official

What does a salary buy in Orsay?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €3,317 (insee.fr, 2022-12-31).
Left over each month€1,137of €2,466 take-home
  • Rent
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€2,466
Rent, 60 m²€19.58/m² · official · "Carte des loyers" - Indicateurs de loyers d'annonce par commune en 2025 · 2025-09-30− €1,175
Public transport pass€91 · official · Forfait Navigo Mois - Ile-de-France Mobilites · 2026-09-30− €91
Utilities, 85 m²not published for this city—
Internet€43 · official · Orange Livebox Fibre · 2026-09-30− €43
Mobile plan€20 · official · Orange 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €20
Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish€1,137
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Orsay Salary needed to live in Orsay

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Orsay. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information
Open the France service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Orsay. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Schools16 schools27 May 2026RNEE exact Code_commune; etat=OUVERT; code_nature 100-199 or 300-399; unique UAI count.24Official · commune
Primary schools11 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)17Official
Schools17 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)17Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 3 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: UPE2A (unités pédagogiques pour élèves allophones nouvellement arrivés) + UPE2A-NSA variant. How to enrol a child (education.gouv.fr).

A country-wide rule for France; Orsay's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents96.98 per 100,000 people31 Dec 2024INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence12Official
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents976.6 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2011DREES / DGOS – Statistique Annuelle des Établissements de Santé (SAE) 20115Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Orsay when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents976.6 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-08-03
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Orsay?

Police recorded about 5,791 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)4

Recorded crime across major citiesOrsay highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Orsay highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Lille13,488
Lyon13,026
Bordeaux12,429
Marseille11,857
Paris10,987
Montpellier9,636
Toulouse8,875
Rennes8,241
Strasbourg7,791
Nantes7,704
Nice7,577
Orsay5,791
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents5,791 incidents per 100,000country median 4,74031 Dec 2025Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)4Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Nearest airportTNF3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official
Distance to nearest airport9 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports23Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Orsay. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Contrat d’intégration républicaine (CIR) — Integration course

État français and OFII

For eligible non-EU foreign residents.

FrenchIn Person
Open official information

DIAN language-training offer finder — Other

Réseau des Carif-Oref and DIAN

For people seeking French-language training.

FrenchIn Person, Online
Open official information
Open the full France section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Orsay.

Find courses near Orsay

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Orsay?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 9.8 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 9.79 µg/m³ · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.2
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in FranceAnnual PM2.5 in Orsay is 9.8 µg/m³. Of 1,975 cities with data, 626 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean23.72 µg/m³country median 14.820242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.2Official
NO₂ — latest reading22.55 µg/m³15 Jul 2026Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata.16Official
PM10 — annual mean13.08 µg/m³country median 14.220242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.2Official
PM2.5 — annual mean9.79 µg/m³country median 8.520242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.2Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 6.7 · Feb 8 · Mar 12.1 · Apr 15.8 · May 19.3 · Jun 22.8 · Jul 25.2 · Aug 25.2 · Sep 21 · Oct 15.9 · Nov 10.4 · Dec 7.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TOUSSUS_LE_NOBLE26Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 1.6 · Feb 1.4 · Mar 3.5 · Apr 5.5 · May 8.9 · Jun 12.1 · Jul 13.9 · Aug 13.6 · Sep 10.6 · Oct 8 · Nov 4.5 · Dec 2.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TOUSSUS_LE_NOBLE26Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 4.2 · Feb 4.7 · Mar 7.8 · Apr 10.6 · May 14.1 · Jun 17.4 · Jul 19.6 · Aug 19.4 · Sep 15.8 · Oct 11.9 · Nov 7.4 · Dec 4.6 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TOUSSUS_LE_NOBLE26Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 55.3 · Feb 46.9 · Mar 49.5 · Apr 49.6 · May 68.2 · Jun 55.4 · Jul 53.3 · Aug 58.2 · Sep 52.1 · Oct 61.3 · Nov 60.8 · Dec 66.4 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TOUSSUS_LE_NOBLE26Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 58 · Feb 76 · Mar 133 · Apr 170 · May 198 · Jun 209 · Jul 217 · Aug 211 · Sep 171 · Oct 110 · Nov 62 · Dec 53 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station VILLACOUBLAY27Official · nearest-station reading
Annual PM2.5 over time12 published observations, 2013–2024

Annual PM2.5 fell 42.4% between 2013 and 2024, from 17.0 to 9.8.

Similar climate. In France: Reims ±0.5 °C. Elsewhere: Werl (Germany) ±1.0 °C, Saanich (Canada) ±1.2 °C, Erkrath (Germany) ±0.5 °C, Haan (Germany) ±0.5 °C, Kaarst (Germany) ±0.5 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Orsay?

The published population was 16,498 people in January 2023. Source: INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune13

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area7.97 km²31 Dec 2026Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte25Official
Foreign residents1,891 people2021Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT119Official
Population density2,070 people/km²31 Dec 2023Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte25Official
Population16,498 people1 Jan 2023INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune13Official

International community in Orsay

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Citizenship

Population resident in France excluding Mayotte; INSEE RP2023 NAT; total age and sex · 2023 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total16,498100.0%
Français14,530.12988.1%
Etranger1,967.87111.9%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source15

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Universities0 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)18Official

Alternatives for people set on Orsay

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Bures-sur-Yvette as an Orsay alternative in the same region

2 km away, better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0.

  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,143 Bures-sur-Yvette vs 5,791 Orsay−28%
  • Unemployment: 6.3% Bures-sur-Yvette vs 7.5% Orsay−15%
  • Residents: 9,548 Bures-sur-Yvette vs 16,498 Orsay−42%
  • Nearest airport: 7.0 km Bures-sur-Yvette vs 9.0 km Orsay−22%
  • Annual PM2.5: 9.5 µg/m³ Bures-sur-Yvette vs 9.8 µg/m³ Orsaysame level
  • Rent: €19.43/m² Bures-sur-Yvette vs €19.58/m² Orsaysame level
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,317 Bures-sur-Yvette vs €3,317 Orsaysame level
Full comparisonMore about Bures-sur-Yvette

La Roche-sur-Yon as an Orsay alternative in the same country

A move, not a commute, at 352 km, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Rent: €11.81/m² La Roche-sur-Yon vs €19.58/m² Orsay−40%
  • Residents: 54,849 La Roche-sur-Yon vs 16,498 Orsay+232%
  • Unemployment: 12.1% La Roche-sur-Yon vs 7.5% Orsay+63%
  • Hospital beds, per 100k: 1,553.6 La Roche-sur-Yon vs 976.6 Orsay+59%
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,620 La Roche-sur-Yon vs €3,317 Orsay−21%
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.5 µg/m³ La Roche-sur-Yon vs 9.8 µg/m³ Orsay−24%
  • Nearest airport: 5.0 km La Roche-sur-Yon vs 9.0 km Orsay−44%
Full comparisonMore about La Roche-sur-Yon

Cities near Orsay

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Paris Commuting Zone · 21.4 km away
Rent
26.3 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-01-01
Bures-sur-Yvette 1.9 km away
Rent
19.43 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Les Ulis 2.3 km away
Rent
17.47 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Gif-sur-Yvette 4.0 km away
Rent
19.24 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Palaiseau 5.1 km away
Rent
19.48 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Igny 5.7 km away
Rent
20.06 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30

Alternative cities in France

Other cities in France to compare with Orsay, nearest in population first.

All France cities
Les Herbiers16,521 residentsMauguio16,522 residentsPamiers16,473 residentsChâteaurenard16,545 residentsRumilly16,442 residentsMennecy16,433 residents

How does Orsay compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Orsay's.

Open the full comparison

Is Orsay part of Creil?

Orsay is in the published commuting zone of Creil; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Creil city profile

Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source7

Put Orsay's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Orsay?

The published population was 16,498 people in January 2023. Source: INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune.

How much does it cost to rent in Orsay?

Average net cold rent is about 19.58 EUR/m² per month (2025-Q3), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 1,370 EUR a month before utilities. Source: "Carte des loyers" - Indicateurs de loyers d'annonce par commune en 2025.

Is the air quality good in Orsay?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 9.8 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation..

How safe is Orsay?

Police recorded about 5,791 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026).

What is the unemployment rate in Orsay?

The unemployment rate is about 7.5 % (2022). Source: INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune.

What is the typical salary around Orsay?

The median gross salary is 3,317 EUR/month. Source: www.insee.fr.

Is Orsay a good place to live?

Orsay may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Is Orsay part of Creil?

Orsay is in the published commuting zone of Creil; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.

Which cities are near Orsay?

Paris, Bures-sur-Yvette, Les Ulis, Villebon-sur-Yvette, Gif-sur-Yvette are near Orsay. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people are in the Français citizenship group in Orsay?

The official citizenship distribution records 14,530.129 people (88.1%) in the source-defined population for 2023 Census. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Orsay, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 04ddc8c461810d51d9eed53e77f09148]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/orsay/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_orsay-france-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_0a6cc31c7ae3,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Orsay, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {04ddc8c461810d51d9eed53e77f09148},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/orsay/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Orsay, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/orsay/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 04ddc8c461810d51d9eed53e77f09148; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. "Carte des loyers" - Indicateurs de loyers d'annonce par commune en 2025 static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-18
  2. 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation. air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-15
  3. Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse) data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  4. Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026) static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-23
  5. DREES / DGOS – Statistique Annuelle des Établissements de Santé (SAE) 2011 data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  6. Forfait Navigo Mois - Ile-de-France Mobilites iledefrance-mobilites.fr · checked 2026-09-19
  7. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  8. Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage. data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-03-31
  9. INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
  10. INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
Show 27 more sources
  1. INSEE — Recensement de la population, populations légales millésime 2023 (data.gouv.fr mirror) INSEE · object.files.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-03
  2. INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence insee.fr · checked 2026-07-16
  3. INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
  4. INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune INSEE RP2022 ACT1 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
  5. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), France api.insee.fr · checked 2026-08-30
  6. Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata. files.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-15
  7. Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr) data.education.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  8. Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr) data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  9. Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT1 Nationalité en 2021 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-15
  10. OLAP Rapport Paris 2025 observatoire-des-loyers.fr · checked 2026-07-26
  11. Orange 100GB mobile plan boutique.orange.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  12. Orange Livebox Fibre boutique.orange.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  13. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  14. RNEE exact Code_commune; etat=OUVERT; code_nature 100-199 or 300-399; unique UAI count. data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-16
  15. Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte Séries historiques en 2023 · insee.fr · checked 2026-09-24
  16. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station TOUSSUS_LE_NOBLE WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  17. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station VILLACOUBLAY WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  18. www.insee.fr insee.fr · checked 2026-08-27
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  25. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  26. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  27. Wikidata identity and coordinates — Q1166034 Wikidata identity and coordinates · wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-05

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