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Living in Parmain

In Parmain, advertised rents for new lettings average €16.17 per m² a month (2025) and unemployment is 8.9% (2022).

The city had 5 schools in 2026. There were 106.1 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2024. Annual PM2.5 was 9.24 µg/m³ in 2024. The foreign population count was 337 in 2021. The unemployment rate was 8.87% at the end of 2022. For Parmain, annual NO₂ was 17.4 µg/m³ in 2024. The population of Parmain, in France, was 5,655 at the start of 2023. The city covered 9.2 km² in 2026. Population density was 614.7 people per km² in 2023.

Last checked 2026-09-2434 sources

Population5,655people1 Jan 2023Official source · INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune
Median gross salary (region)3,317EUR/month31 Dec 2022Official source · www.insee.fr
Average net rent16.17EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.60 — 39% aboveOfficial source · static.data.gouv.fr
Unemployment rate8.87%country median 11.0% — 19% belowOfficial source · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune
Recorded crime3,647incidents per 100,000country median 4,740 — 23% belowOfficial source · Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)
PM2.5, annual mean9.24µg/m³country median 8.5 — 9% aboveOfficial source · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.

Pricier rent than 82% of French cities that publish it, lower unemployment than 71% of French cities that publish it and less recorded crime than 76% of French cities that publish it.

Which France-wide rules apply when you move to Parmain?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in FranceNational rates and thresholds that apply in Parmain.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Parmain?

Average net cold rent is 16.17 EUR/m² per month (2025-Q3), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 16.17 EUR/m²/month · static.data.gouv.fr22
What recurs every month3 published recurring costs, € per month
Parmain recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Transport pass€91
Internet, 60 Mbps€43
Mobile plan, 10 GB€20
Net rent across major citiesParmain highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Parmain highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Paris€26.30
Nice€20.43
Lyon€16.57
Parmain€16.17
Nantes€14.50
Toulouse€13.98
Show the other 6 cities
Marseille€16.30
Bordeaux€15.99
Lille€15.76
Strasbourg€15.57
Montpellier€15.49
Rennes€14.87
MetricValuePeriodSource
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited42.99 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Orange Livebox Fibre18Official · national market
Mobile plan, 10 GB19.99 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Orange 100GB mobile plan17Official · national market
Monthly transport pass90.8 EUR/month30 Sept 2026Forfait Navigo Mois - Ile-de-France Mobilites4Official
Housing vacancy rate (legacy series)190.3 %31 Dec 2023INSEE7Official
Dwellings2,444 dwellings31 Dec 2023INSEE8Official
Main residence dwellings2,199 dwellings31 Dec 2023INSEE8Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)16.17 EUR/m²/monthcountry median €11.6031 Dec 2025static.data.gouv.fr22Official

Is Parmain a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker59%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 51–67%
Skilled employee62%strong on work, weak on safety · range 54–70%
Student38%strong on cost, weak on work · range 31–45%
Family51%strong on family, weak on cost · range 44–58%
Retirement55%strong on safety, weak on admin · range 46–64%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 970 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 16.17 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2025-Q3

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Parmain?

The unemployment rate is about 8.9 % (2022).

  • Unemployment rate: 8.87 % · INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune11
Unemployment across cities in FranceUnemployment in Parmain is 8.9%. Of 2,240 cities with data, 898 have unemployment of 5 to under 10%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fibre-to-the-building availability99.65 %3 Aug 2026Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse)2Official
Gigabit broadband availability99.65 %31 Mar 2026Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage.6Official
Median gross salary (regional)3,317 EUR/month31 Dec 2022www.insee.fr25Official
Unemployment rate8.87 %country median 11.0%31 Dec 2022INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune11Official

What does a salary buy in Parmain?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €3,317 (insee.fr, 2022-12-31).
Left over each month€1,342of €2,466 take-home
  • Rent
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€2,466
Rent, 60 m²€16.17/m² · official · static.data.gouv.fr · 2025-12-31− €970
Public transport pass€91 · official · Forfait Navigo Mois - Ile-de-France Mobilites · 2026-09-30− €91
Utilities, 85 m²not published for this city—
Internet€43 · official · Orange Livebox Fibre · 2026-09-30− €43
Mobile plan€20 · official · Orange 100GB mobile plan · 2026-09-30− €20
Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish€1,342
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Parmain Salary needed to live in Parmain

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Parmain. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information
Open the France service overview

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Parmain. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Schools5 schools27 May 2026RNEE exact Code_commune; etat=OUVERT; code_nature 100-199 or 300-399; unique UAI count.20Official · commune
Primary schools4 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)14Official
Schools5 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr)14Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 3 to 16. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: UPE2A (unités pédagogiques pour élèves allophones nouvellement arrivés) + UPE2A-NSA variant. How to enrol a child (education.gouv.fr).

A country-wide rule for France; Parmain's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Primary care doctors per 100,000 residents106.1 per 100,000 people31 Dec 2024INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence9Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Parmain when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Parmain?

Police recorded about 3,647 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)3

Recorded crime across major citiesParmain highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Parmain highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Lille13,488
Lyon13,026
Bordeaux12,429
Marseille11,857
Paris10,987
Montpellier9,636
Toulouse8,875
Rennes8,241
Strasbourg7,791
Nantes7,704
Nice7,577
Parmain3,647
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents3,647 incidents per 100,000country median 4,74031 Dec 2025Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026)3Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Nearest airportPOX3 Aug 2026OurAirports19Official
Distance to nearest airport13 km3 Aug 2026OurAirports19Official

Language courses and integration

No exact city-level course record is currently published for Parmain. These verified national programmes may still apply; use the official programme page to check local availability.

Country-level information

Contrat d’intégration républicaine (CIR) — Integration course

État français and OFII

For eligible non-EU foreign residents.

FrenchIn Person
Open official information

DIAN language-training offer finder — Other

Réseau des Carif-Oref and DIAN

For people seeking French-language training.

FrenchIn Person, Online
Open official information
Open the full France section
National programme information is not treated as proof of a course location in Parmain.

Find courses near Parmain

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Parmain?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 9.2 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 9.24 µg/m³ · 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in FranceAnnual PM2.5 in Parmain is 9.2 µg/m³. Of 1,975 cities with data, 626 have annual PM2.5 of 8 to under 9 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean17.4 µg/m³country median 14.820242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official
NO₂ — latest reading11.86 µg/m³15 Jul 2026Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata.13Official
PM10 — annual mean12.2 µg/m³country median 14.220242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official
PM2.5 — annual mean9.24 µg/m³country median 8.520242024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation.1Official
Average daytime high by monthJan 7 · Feb 8.2 · Mar 12 · Apr 15.6 · May 19 · Jun 22.3 · Jul 24.9 · Aug 24.9 · Sep 21 · Oct 16 · Nov 10.7 · Dec 7.4 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PONTOISE_-_AERO24Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 1.6 · Feb 1.4 · Mar 3.2 · Apr 4.8 · May 8.2 · Jun 11 · Jul 12.9 · Aug 12.8 · Sep 10 · Oct 7.7 · Nov 4.4 · Dec 2.1 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PONTOISE_-_AERO24Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 4.3 · Feb 4.8 · Mar 7.6 · Apr 10.2 · May 13.6 · Jun 16.7 · Jul 18.9 · Aug 18.8 · Sep 15.5 · Oct 11.9 · Nov 7.5 · Dec 4.7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PONTOISE_-_AERO24Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 54.1 · Feb 45.9 · Mar 46.9 · Apr 43.9 · May 59.8 · Jun 50.2 · Jul 51.6 · Aug 55.4 · Sep 46.7 · Oct 58.2 · Nov 54.8 · Dec 68.3 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PONTOISE_-_AERO24Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 57 · Feb 73 · Mar 129 · Apr 170 · May 189 · Jun 203 · Jul 213 · Aug 206 · Sep 161 · Oct 111 · Nov 63 · Dec 54 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station LE_BOURGET23Official · nearest-station reading
Annual PM2.5 over time12 published observations, 2013–2024

Annual PM2.5 fell 42.3% between 2013 and 2024, from 16.0 to 9.2.

Similar climate. In France: Reims ±0.4 °C. Elsewhere: Werl (Germany) ±0.8 °C, Saanich (Canada) ±1.0 °C, Harrow (United Kingdom) ±0.6 °C, Watford (United Kingdom) ±0.6 °C, Ipswich (United Kingdom) ±1.0 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Parmain?

The published population was 5,655 people in January 2023. Source: INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune10

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
City area9.2 km²31 Dec 2026Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte21Official
Foreign residents337 people2021Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT116Official
Population density614.7 people/km²31 Dec 2023Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte21Official
Population5,655 people1 Jan 2023INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune10Official

International community in Parmain

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Citizenship

Population resident in France excluding Mayotte; INSEE RP2023 NAT; total age and sex · 2023 Census

Published groupPeopleShare
Total5,655100.0%
Français5,323.77994.1%
Etranger331.2215.9%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source12

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Universities0 count3 Aug 2026Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr)15Official

Alternatives for people set on Parmain

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Auvers-sur-Oise as a Parmain alternative in the same region

5 km away, better on 2 of 6 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0. Rent cannot be compared like for like.

  • Rent: €17.35/m² Auvers-sur-Oise vs €16.17/m² Parmainno percentage
  • Unemployment: 8.0% Auvers-sur-Oise vs 8.9% Parmain−10%
  • Nearest airport: 10.0 km Auvers-sur-Oise vs 13.0 km Parmain−23%
  • Residents: 6,863 Auvers-sur-Oise vs 5,655 Parmain+21%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 3,701 Auvers-sur-Oise vs 3,647 Parmainsame level
  • Annual PM2.5: 9.1 µg/m³ Auvers-sur-Oise vs 9.2 µg/m³ Parmainsame level
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,317 Auvers-sur-Oise vs €3,317 Parmainsame level
Full comparisonMore about Auvers-sur-Oise

Cities near Parmain

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

L'Isle-Adam 1.1 km away
Rent
19.57 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Champagne-sur-Oise 3.1 km away
Rent
16.34 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
Mériel 4.0 km away
Rent
18.81 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Auvers-sur-Oise 5.4 km away
Rent
17.35 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Méry-sur-Oise 5.9 km away
Rent
17.78 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-09-30
Persan 6.3 km away
Rent
15.59 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
Beaumont-sur-Oise 6.4 km away
Rent
14.11 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31
Chambly 6.4 km away
Rent
15.44 EUR/m²/monthAverage net rent (nettokalt) · 2025-12-31

Alternative cities in France

Other cities in France to compare with Parmain, nearest in population first.

All France cities
Sigean5,657 residentsChanverrie5,653 residentsMontrond-les-Bains5,652 residentsSantes5,652 residentsRocbaron5,660 residentsLa Crèche5,662 residents

How does Parmain compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Parmain's.

Open the full comparison

Is Parmain part of Creil?

Parmain is in the published commuting zone of Creil; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub. Creil city profile

Relationship type: Commuting Zone Of. Source5

Put Parmain's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Parmain?

The published population was 5,655 people in January 2023. Source: INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune.

How much does it cost to rent in Parmain?

Average net cold rent is 16.17 EUR/m² per month (2025-Q3), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 1,132 EUR a month before utilities. Source: static.data.gouv.fr.

Is the air quality good in Parmain?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 9.2 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation..

How safe is Parmain?

Police recorded about 3,647 incidents per 100,000 (2025). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026).

What is the unemployment rate in Parmain?

The unemployment rate is about 8.9 % (2022). Source: INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune.

What is the typical salary around Parmain?

The median gross salary is 3,317 EUR/month. Source: www.insee.fr.

Is Parmain a good place to live?

Parmain may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Is Parmain part of Creil?

Parmain is in the published commuting zone of Creil; this does not mean it is administratively part of the hub.

Which cities are near Parmain?

L'Isle-Adam, Champagne-sur-Oise, Mériel, Auvers-sur-Oise, Méry-sur-Oise are near Parmain. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people are in the Français citizenship group in Parmain?

The official citizenship distribution records 5,323.779 people (94.1%) in the source-defined population for 2023 Census. This is a citizenship measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Parmain, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 86c5b5180b16c905bd5f5082fe35263e]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/parmain/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_parmain-france-population-rent-salary-cost-of-living_86b81769b1a5,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Parmain, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {86c5b5180b16c905bd5f5082fe35263e},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/parmain/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Parmain, France: population, rent, salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fr/parmain/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 86c5b5180b16c905bd5f5082fe35263e; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. 2024 validated hourly NO2 station observations transformed to the exact INSEE commune centre by deterministic nearest-station selection and equal-weight aggregation. air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-15
  2. Arcep (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse) data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  3. Base statistique communale de la délinquance enregistrée par la police et la gendarmerie nationales, 2025 (géographie 2026) static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-09-23
  4. Forfait Navigo Mois - Ile-de-France Mobilites iledefrance-mobilites.fr · checked 2026-09-19
  5. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  6. Independent ARCEP municipal count of premises eligible for the >=1 Gbit/s fixed advertised-speed class, divided by the ARCEP type=all municipal premises denominator. This is availability/eligibility, not adoption, measured speed, FTTH-only coverage or mobile coverage. data.arcep.fr · checked 2026-03-31
  7. INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
  8. INSEE insee.fr · checked 2026-08-07
  9. INSEE BPE 2024 commune equipment and PMUN denominator evidence insee.fr · checked 2026-07-16
  10. INSEE populations légales 2023 par commune insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
Show 24 more sources
  1. INSEE RP2022 ACT1 — population active by type of activity, commune INSEE RP2022 ACT1 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-26
  2. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), France api.insee.fr · checked 2026-08-30
  3. Latest valid NO2 hourly station observation on the official LCSQA E2 current-day extract, mapped to the exact INSEE centre through an exact normalized station-name crosswalk to EEA station metadata. files.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-15
  4. Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (data.education.gouv.fr) data.education.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  5. Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr) data.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-03
  6. Nationalité en 2021 — Base des tableaux détaillés — NAT1 Nationalité en 2021 · insee.fr · checked 2026-07-15
  7. Orange 100GB mobile plan boutique.orange.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  8. Orange Livebox Fibre boutique.orange.fr · checked 2026-09-15
  9. OurAirports davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-08-03
  10. RNEE exact Code_commune; etat=OUVERT; code_nature 100-199 or 300-399; unique UAI count. data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-07-16
  11. Séries historiques en 2023 — Recensement de la population, base des principaux indicateurs, communes de France hors Mayotte Séries historiques en 2023 · insee.fr · checked 2026-09-24
  12. static.data.gouv.fr static.data.gouv.fr · checked 2026-08-27
  13. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station LE_BOURGET WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  14. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station PONTOISE_-_AERO WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  15. www.insee.fr insee.fr · checked 2026-08-27
  16. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  17. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  18. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  19. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  20. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  21. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  22. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06

Spotted a number that looks wrong? Every value here carries its source and date — tell us what you found and we will re-check it against the source.