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Moving to Poland

Poland country facts, largest cities, hub labels and reports.

JSON Markdown

Across 198 passports, 93 passports enter visa-free and 105 passports need a visa for Poland. Check your passport below.

Visa-free
93
Visa required
105

198 accepted passport rules · rules effective as of 2026-09-05

Visa and entry rules

Short stay and entry198 source-backed passport answersHighly SkilledOfficial route overview and current conditions.Self EmployedThe temporary residence permit for business activity is for a foreigner who conducts business in Poland under Polish law.Entrepreneur StartupFounders use Poland's business-activity residence route rather than a separate startup permit; the activity must be conducted or planned in Poland and assessed by its income or eff.WorkOfficial route overview and current conditions.

Sources checked through 5 Sept 2026.

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Poland?

The national unemployment rate was 3.1 % in 2025. Source: Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a)14

This is the Eurostat labour-force survey series used as the canonical national answer. Other published definitions exist and are shown in the table below.

What is the median gross salary in Poland?

The median gross salary was 1,150 EUR/month in 2022.

Half of employees earn less than this. Mean gross and national-accounts averages use different definitions and are shown in the table below. national-accounts average — shown in the table below.

  • Median gross salary, monthly: 1,150 EUR/month · Eurostat (Structure of Earnings Survey, earn_ses_monthly)15
  • Average gross salary, monthly: 1,423 EUR/month · 2026-07-25 · Eurostat — National accounts aggregates (nama_10_a10) and employment (nama_10_a10_e)13
MetricValuePeriodSource
Median gross salary, monthly1,150 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Eurostat (Structure of Earnings Survey, earn_ses_monthly)15Official · national figure
National unemployment rate3.1 %31 Dec 2025Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a)14Official · national figure
Unemployment across cities in PolandOf 632 cities with data, 125 have unemployment of 3 to under 4%.

Typical city (median): about 4.4%

unemployment rate, % · measured cities in Poland per band2 cities: 0% to under 1%20–139 cities: 1% to under 2%391–291 cities: 2% to under 3%912–3125 cities: 3% to under 4%1253–4120 cities: 4% to under 5%1204–588 cities: 5% to under 6%885–659 cities: 6% to under 7%596–758 cities: 7% to under 8%587–830 cities: 8% to under 9%308–99 cities: 9% to under 10%99–108 cities: 10% to under 11%810–112 cities: 11% to under 12%211–121 city: 12% to under 13%112–13

Unemployment rate (%)

Annual PM2.5 across cities in PolandOf 200 cities with data, 58 have annual PM2.5 of 14 to under 16 µg/m³.

Typical city (median): about 16.0 µg/m³

annual PM2.5, µg/m³ · measured cities in Poland per band3 cities: 8 µg/m³ to under 10 µg/m³38–1010 cities: 10 µg/m³ to under 12 µg/m³1010–1227 cities: 12 µg/m³ to under 14 µg/m³2712–1458 cities: 14 µg/m³ to under 16 µg/m³5814–1656 cities: 16 µg/m³ to under 18 µg/m³5616–1820 cities: 18 µg/m³ to under 20 µg/m³2018–2016 cities: 20 µg/m³ to under 22 µg/m³1620–228 cities: 22 µg/m³ to under 24 µg/m³822–242 cities: 24 µg/m³ to under 26 µg/m³224–26

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

Recorded crime across cities in PolandOf 61 cities with data, 24 report 2000 to under 2500 incidents per 100,000 residents.

Typical city (median): about 2,452 incidents per 100,000 residents

recorded incidents per 100k residents · measured cities in Poland per band2 cities: 1000 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 1500 incidents per 100,000 residents21000–15001k–1.5k7 cities: 1500 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 2000 incidents per 100,000 residents71500–20001.5k–2k24 cities: 2000 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 2500 incidents per 100,000 residents242000–25002k–2.5k14 cities: 2500 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 3000 incidents per 100,000 residents142500–30002.5k–3k4 cities: 3000 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 3500 incidents per 100,000 residents43000–35003k–3.5k2 cities: 3500 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 4000 incidents per 100,000 residents23500–40003.5k–4k3 cities: 4000 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 4500 incidents per 100,000 residents34000–45004k–4.5k3 cities: 4500 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 5000 incidents per 100,000 residents34500–50004.5k–5k1 city: 5000 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 5500 incidents per 100,000 residents15000–55005k–5.5k1 city: 5500 incidents per 100,000 residents to under 6000 incidents per 100,000 residents15500–60005.5k–6k

Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents

Public employment service in Poland

Official job-search, registration, counselling and training routes. Private recruitment agencies are not included.

Public Employment Services Poland — Public employment service

Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy / public employment offices

Job SearchTraining
Search jobs

A national service does not prove that an office exists in every city. City pages show an office only after an exact address is linked to that city. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Taxes in Poland

National rates and comparable published scenarios. Personal tax depends on income, household and residence circumstances.

Top income-tax rate32 %
Corporate tax rate19 %
Employee income tax, yearly5,300 EUR/year
Employee social contributions, yearly8,500 EUR/year
Verified from the linked official or intergovernmental records. Open the primary source. Sources checked through 3 Aug 2026.

Benefits newcomers may qualify for in Poland

Public schemes where an official source defines an eligible migration or residence status. Amounts and conditions are kept in their native terms.

ProgrammePublished amountSource and application

Family 800 plus — Family and child support

800 PLN / Monthly

Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) / Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy

Open official application
Eligibility and amount details

The official Gov.pl Family 800 plus page states PLN 800 per month per child for a dependent child up to age 18, regardless of family income.

The official ZUS 2026 notice states: ‘obywateli tzw. państw trzecich (spoza UE/EFTA oraz Wielkiej Brytanii [osób objętych umową wystąpienia]), którzy przebywają legalnie na terytorium Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej i mają dostęp do rynku pracy’. The same notice separately names ‘obywateli Ukrainy ze statusem UKR’. For that route it states that rodzic lub opiekun musi być aktywny zawodowo, dziecko musi realizować obowiązek szkolny w polskiej szkole, and rodzic lub opiekun oraz dziecko muszą mieszkać na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. and ukrainian_citizen_with_ukr_status_in_poland_meeting_2026_800_plus_conditions; it does not generalize to all foreigners.

Reception social assistance for applicants for international protection — Arrival and reception support

Amount set per household by formula

Office for Foreigners / district family assistance centre

Open official application
Eligibility and amount details

The official Office for Foreigners page states: ‘Social assistance is available to every applicant and the person on behalf of whom he / she is applying when submitting an application for international protection in Poland.’ It lists source-defined exclusions, including applicants already holding subsidiary protection or specified residence permits, and explains that an applicant may request a cash benefit or report to the Foreigner Service Team or the nearest centre for foreigners. exact profile international_protection_applicant_in_poland_eligible_for_reception_assistance and does not generalize to ordinary foreign residents or recognized protection holders outside the reception rules.

The current official Office for Foreigners page lists accommodation and full board or a monetary equivalent for food of PLN 9 per day, a daily-expense allowance of PLN 50 per month, a fixed allowance for home and personal-care products of PLN 20 per month and a one-time clothing and footwear allowance of PLN 140; the actual package depends on the reception arrangement and source-defined exclusions.

Skorzystaj z pomocy społecznej — housing-related shelter and supported-housing services — Housing support

In-kind support

Municipal social-assistance authority

Open official application
Eligibility and amount details

The current Gov.pl social-assistance service lists housing-related support as source-defined in-kind or locally assessed assistance, including shelter, a meal, necessary clothing, a special-purpose allowance and supported or training housing. No single national PLN rate is published for this package; the local authority assesses the form and amount under the applicable social-assistance rules.

The current Gov.pl social-assistance service uses the exact categories ‘cudzoziemcy, którzy mieszkają i przebywają w Polsce’ with ‘zezwolenie na pobyt stały’ or ‘zezwolenie na pobyt rezydenta długoterminowego UE’; it separately names foreigners residing in Poland in connection with obtaining ‘status uchodźcy’ or ‘ochronę uzupełniającą’. For the humanitarian/tolerated route it states that a foreigner with ‘zezwolenie na pobyt ze względów humanitarnych’ or ‘zezwolenie na pobyt tolerowany’ receives ‘schronienia, posiłku, niezbędnego ubrania i zasiłku celowego’. , foreign_national_with_refugee_or_subsidiary_protection_for_polish_housing_social_assistance and foreign_national_with_humanitarian_or_tolerated_stay_for_polish_shelter_assistance; it does not generalise to every foreign resident. The local needs, income, household and statutory conditions still apply.

Social assistance for foreigners in Poland — Minimum-income support

823–1,010 PLN / Monthly

Municipal social-assistance authority

Open official application
Eligibility and amount details

The current Polish Ministry page states that from 1 January 2025 the social-assistance income criterion is PLN 1,010 for a person living alone and PLN 823 per person in a family; the payable benefit is assessed against the applicable threshold, household income and the benefit-specific rules.

The Polish official social-assistance page states that foreigners who reside and remain in Poland qualify for general social assistance when they hold a permanent residence permit or an EU long-term resident permit; it also lists foreigners who obtained refugee status or subsidiary protection in Poland. Foreigners with a residence permit for humanitarian reasons or a tolerated-stay permit receive the bounded forms of shelter, a meal, necessary clothing and a special-purpose allowance. These are the source-defined profiles, subject to the income, difficult-life-situation and benefit-specific conditions.

Zasiłek dla bezrobotnych — Unemployment support

Amount varies

District Labour Office (PUP)

Open official application
Eligibility and amount details

Basic 100%: PLN 1,783.90 for the first 90 days and PLN 1,400.90 for subsequent days; increased 120%: PLN 2,140.70 and PLN 1,681.10 respectively.

The official Polish government guidance on labour-market benefits for foreigners lists these source-defined qualifying profiles for unemployment benefit, once registered as unemployed and meeting the statutory benefit conditions: ‘refugee status holder in Poland’; ‘permanent residence permit holder in Poland’; ‘long-term EU resident permit holder in Poland’; ‘temporary residence permit for work in Poland’; ‘beneficiary of temporary protection in Poland’; and ‘beneficiary of subsidiary protection in Poland’. The same guidance lists additional EU/EEA/Swiss, UK-family and family-member categories; only the six profiles named here are published in this row.

ImmigrationDB shows published rules; it does not decide personal eligibility. Confirm your status, contribution record and household circumstances with the responsible authority before applying. Sources checked through 12 Aug 2026.

Can migrants receive medical care in Poland?

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Poland when the official insurance or residence conditions are met.

Verified 2026-08-03. Open the official coverage rules.

Language courses and integration in Poland

Government programmes, public integration services and exact provider records. The section expands only from fields present in the source; missing prices, refunds or contacts are not replaced with estimates.

4verified programmes
2cities with exact local records
4verified location records
3listed providers

Polish language classes for foreigners seeking international protection — State Language Course

Office for Foreigners of Poland

For foreigners seeking international protection and receiving social assistance, temporary-protection beneficiaries receiving support.

PolishIn Person, Onlinefree
Open official information

Polish-language and adaptation courses for repatriates and their families — Newcomer Adaptation

Centre for the Development of Polish Education Abroad (ORPEG)

For repatriates, repatriate family members.

PolishIn Personfree
Open official information

Adaptation courses — Support for integration of foreigners in Mazovia — Civic Orientation

Mazowiecki Voivodeship Office

For foreigners in Mazovia.

PolishIn Personfree
Open official information

Polonicum open Polish-language courses for foreigners — State Language Course

Centre of Polish Language and Culture for Foreigners Polonicum, University of Warsaw

For foreigners, persons applying for residence or Polish citizenship, foreign spouses and family members.

PolishIn Person, Onlinepaid
Open official information
Country programmes describe the national or named local framework. Availability in a city is shown only when a source names that place exactly. Sources checked through 2026-08-10.

Living and moving context for Poland

Annual PM2.5 was 22.4 µg/m³ in 2025. Average gross salary was €1,423 per month in 2024, while national median net income was €765 per month. The 2024 groceries price level index was 67.5 on an EU27=100 basis. Monthly estimates put groceries at €216 and utilities at €82; household electricity was €0.311/kWh and gas was €0.043/kWh. A separate 2025 median monthly net salary was €1,600. The national unemployment rate was 3.1% in 2025. Life expectancy was 78.4 years in 2024, with 4.031 doctors per 1,000 people. For 2024, the employee calculation gave €5,300 a year in income tax and €8,500 in social contributions. Household net-income estimates were €1,340 per month for one person, €1,610 for a couple and €1,860 for a family.

#1 by populationWarszawa1,863,056 residents · Capital hub#2 by populationKraków816,614 residents#3 by populationWrocław672,601 residents

Poland cities by population

The largest published cities appear first. Population is taken from the reusable official city layer; hub labels come from the existing city taxonomy.

Open city finder
CityPopulationNet rent, €/m²/monthMedian gross salary, €/month
WarszawaCapital hub1,863,056Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Kraków816,614Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Wrocław672,601Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Łódź—Population6.55Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Poznań534,239Population8.54Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Gdańsk489,328Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Koszalin104,582Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Piaseczno98,414Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Wałbrzych97,546Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Piła68,762Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Stargard65,699Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Leszno58,766Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Swarzędz57,433Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Grodzisk Mazowiecki57,387Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Nysa52,982Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Pszczyna52,519Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Wołomin50,730Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Września48,415Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Myślenice45,429Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
Jarocin45,395Population—Net rent, €/m²/mo—Median gross salary, €/mo
All published cities in Poland

Reports with this country

Accepted report pages with a row for this country.

All reports
Cities with the highest car density Cities with the highest physician coverage Countries with the highest published family income after groceries and utilities Countries with the highest published single income after groceries and utilities Countries with the lowest published household electricity price Countries with the lowest published groceries and utilities total
Foreign residents425,104 people31 Dec 2025Official source · Eurostat
Population36,559,233 people31 Dec 2024Official source · World Bank
Median net salary, monthly1,600 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Official source · Eurostat
Median gross salary, monthly1,150 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Official source · Eurostat (Structure of Earnings Survey, earn_ses_monthly)
National unemployment rate3.1 %31 Dec 2025Official source · Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a)
Public healthcare access for foreign residentsConditional3 Aug 2026Official source · Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (National Health Fund, Poland)
78 country facts · 676 cities · Last checked 2026-09-06

Poland facts

Current source-backed observations, grouped the way the city pages are, with geographic scope and observation periods.

Population and profile

How many people live in Poland?

The published population was 36,559,233 people in 2024. Source: World Bank43

National, resident population scope. Foreign-resident and migration-background figures are separate metrics in the table below.

How many foreign residents live in Poland?

The foreign-resident population was 425,104 people in 2025. Source: Eurostat5

Residents without Poland citizenship. The migration-background population is a broader measure and appears in the table below.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Foreign residents425,104 people31 Dec 2025Eurostat5Official · national figure
Population36,559,233 people31 Dec 2024World Bank43Official · national figure

Legal, tax and other context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Median net salary, monthly1,600 EUR/month31 Dec 2025Eurostat6Official · national figure
Public healthcare access for foreign residentsConditional3 Aug 2026Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (National Health Fund, Poland)25Official · national figure
PM2.5 — annual mean22.4 µg/m³31 Dec 2025OpenAQ51Independent · national figure
Area313,930 km²31 Dec 2023World Bank44Official · national figure
Cost level against the capital67.5 index (EU27=100)31 Dec 2024Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx)10Official · national
Gross-to-net pay for a sample householdsingle person no children — 105,738 gross → 79,900 net a year (2025, national currency)31 Dec 2025Taxing Wages 2026 — labour taxation decomposition40Official · country household scenario
Population by year37,976,687 people (2018)1 Jan 2018Population on 1 January by age and sex (DEMO_PJAN)36Official · country annual series
Religious affiliation of residentsNot determined — 0.042 % (2021)31 Mar 2021Przynależność do wyznania religijnego — NSP 2021, Tablica 537Official · country religion category
Salary by professionService and sales workers — 811 EUR/month (2022)31 Dec 2022Mean monthly earnings by sex, occupation and size class of the enterprise (2022)23Official · country occupation
Doctors per 1,000 residents4.03 per 1,000Not statedPhysicians (per 1,000 people), World Development Indicators35Official · national figure
Household electricity price0.311 EUR/kWh31 Dec 2024Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas)12Official · national
People employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing1,204,900 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in mining and quarrying187,900 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in manufacturing3,333,800 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning182,100 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in water supply, sewerage and waste management181,700 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in construction1,245,800 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in wholesale and retail trade; motor vehicle and motorcycle repair2,305,500 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in transportation and storage1,181,000 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in accommodation and food services395,300 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in information and communication699,800 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in finance and insurance466,500 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in real estate152,100 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure
People employed in professional, scientific and technical services831,100 people2024ec.europa.eu2Official · national figure

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

What is the unemployment rate in Poland?

The national unemployment rate was 3.1 % in 2025. Source: Eurostat — Unemployment by sex and age — annual data (une_rt_a).

How many people live in Poland?

The published population was 36,559,233 people in 2024. Source: World Bank.

What is the median gross salary in Poland?

The median gross salary was 1,150 EUR/month in 2022. Source: Eurostat (Structure of Earnings Survey, earn_ses_monthly).

Is the air quality good in Poland?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 22.4 µg/m³. The WHO 2021 guideline is 5 µg/m³ and the EU limit value is 25 µg/m³, so this reading is above the WHO guideline but within the EU limit. Source: OpenAQ.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Moving to Poland: salary, cost of living [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/countries/poland/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_moving-to-poland-salary-cost-of-living_d0cfbeea23a4,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Moving to Poland: salary, cost of living},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-12},
  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/countries/poland/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Moving to Poland: salary, cost of living](https://immigrationdb.com/countries/poland/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

Every number above comes from one of these records. Open the original source for its geographic scope and publication date.

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  2. ec.europa.eu ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-12
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  31. WHO GHO RS_196/RS_198 ghoapi.azureedge.net · checked 2026-09-05
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  39. World Bank SP.POP.TOTL api.worldbank.org · checked 2026-09-05
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