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Living in Rotterdam

In Rotterdam, tenants pay an average rent of €589 a month (2024) and unemployment is 5.4% (2024).

Annual PM2.5 was 8.75 µg/m³ at the end of 2024. Gigabit broadband availability was 99.2% in 2025. Car density was 371.8 vehicles per 1,000 residents in 2025. A monthly estimate placed internet service at €48.07 in August 2026. The unemployment rate was 5.4% at the end of 2024. Rotterdam is in the Netherlands; its population was 673,804 at the start of 2026.

Last checked 2026-09-2344 sources

Population673,804people9 Jun 2026Official source · CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Rotterdam (GM0599)
Average gross salary4,494EUR/month31 Dec 2022Regional figureOfficial source · Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 region - NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O (2022)
Average net rent28.97EUR/m²/month31 Dec 2025Independent source · Rent.nl
Unemployment rate5.4%country median 3.1% — 74% aboveOfficial source · CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality
Recorded crime8,200offences per 100,000country median 3,090 — 165% aboveOfficial source · CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024
PM2.5, annual mean8.75µg/m³country median 9.0 — 3% belowOfficial source · EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — validated PM2.5 station data

Higher unemployment than any other Dutch city that publishes it, more recorded crime than any other Dutch city that publishes it and cleaner air than 62% of Dutch cities that publish it.

Which Netherlands-wide rules apply when you move to Rotterdam?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Visa and entry rulesPassport-specific entry and national residence context.BenefitsCountry-wide eligibility and official application routes.Taxes in NetherlandsNational rates and thresholds that apply in Rotterdam.Healthcare eligibilityCountry-wide insurance and residence conditions.

Housing and cost

How much does it cost to rent in Rotterdam?

Average net cold rent is 28.97 EUR/m² per month (2025), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 28.97 EUR/m²/month · Rent.nl43
What recurs every month5 published recurring costs, € per month
Rotterdam recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€2394
Utilities, 85 m² flat€264
Internet, 60 Mbps€48
Fitness club€43
Mobile plan, 10 GB€20

Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Fitness club membership, monthly43.38 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Grocery basket, monthly82.79 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited48.07 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Private kindergarten, monthly2,394 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant23 eur3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB19.68 EUR/month31 Jul 2026Cost of Living in Rotterdam. Jul 2026. Prices in Rotterdam42Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home263.8 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Housing stock315,561 dwellings31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)28.97 EUR/m²/month31 Dec 2025Rent.nl43Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Average monthly rent (whole dwelling)589 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Woonlasten huishoudens; kenmerken huishouden, woning, gemeente31Official
Rented homes65 pct31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official

Is Rotterdam a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker51%strong on work, weak on air quality · range 43–59%
Skilled employee62%strong on work, weak on safety · range 54–70%
Student63%strong on education, weak on work · range 56–70%
Family55%strong on family, weak on cost · range 48–62%
Retirement50%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 41–59%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 1,738 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 28.97 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: 2025

Work and income

What is the unemployment rate in Rotterdam?

The unemployment rate is 5.4 % (2024). Source: CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality8

Unemployment across cities in NetherlandsUnemployment in Rotterdam is 5.4%. Of 337 cities with data, 146 have unemployment of 3 to under 3.5%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average gross earnings4,494 EUR/month31 Dec 2022Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 region - NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O (2022)18Official · regional context
Gigabit broadband availability99.15 %2025 Q1Percentage of households in the Dutch municipality with access to a fixed internet connection of at least 1 Gbps (1000 Mbit/s); availability, not subscribed plan, measured speed or FTTH-only coverage.25Official
Public employment offices2 count15 Sept 2026UWV — Rotterdam work locations29Official
Median income per year32,000 EUR/year31 Dec 2024CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek4Official
Unemployment rate5.4 %country median 3.1%31 Dec 2024CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality8Official
Unemployment rate over time10 published observations, 2011–2024

Unemployment rate fell 30.5% between 2011 and 2024, from 7.8% to 5.4%.

What does a salary buy in Rotterdam?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

Netherlands median gross pay: €3,667 (2022-12-31).
Left over each month€976of €3,045 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€3,045
Rent, 60 m²€28.97/m² · market price · rent.nl · 2025-12-31− €1,738
Public transport passnot published for this city—
Utilities, 85 m²€264 · market price · Numbeo · 2026-08-03− €264
Internet€48 · market price · Numbeo · 2026-08-03− €48
Mobile plan€20 · market price · Cost of Living in Rotterdam. Jul 2026. Prices in Rotterdam · 2026-07-31− €20
Left overbefore the bill this city does not publish€976
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Rotterdam Salary needed to live in Rotterdam

Public employment offices in Rotterdam

UWV lists 2 public employment offices in Rotterdam (checked 2026-09-16). Use the official office finder for addresses and appointments; registration and job search are also available online through the national service below.

Office count verified

UWV public employment service — Public employment service

Uitvoeringsinstituut Werknemersverzekeringen (UWV)

Job Search
Open official service
Open the Netherlands service overview

The office count comes from the service's own directory. Individual addresses and opening hours are not listed here yet. Sources checked through 16 Sept 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Public language course providers4 count31 Dec 2026Taal — Gemeente Rotterdam28Official
Primary schools150 count3 Aug 2026DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)10Official
Schools279 count3 Aug 2026DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)10Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 5 to 16, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: extra Dutch-language reception support for recently-arrived immigrant pupils (NT2 reception funding). How to enrol a child (rijksoverheid.nl).

A country-wide rule for Netherlands; Rotterdam's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
Hospitals6 count31 Mar 2025Ziekenhuislocaties 202532Official
Pharmacies81 count28 Feb 2026Farmaceutische zorg — openbare apotheken 202615Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Rotterdam under the national coverage rules.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Rotterdam?

Police recorded 8,200 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

  • Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 8,200 offences per 100,000 · CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 20249
Recorded crime across major citiesRotterdam highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Rotterdam highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Amsterdam8,970
Rotterdam8,200
Eindhoven7,990
Arnhem6,970
The Hague6,890
Utrecht6,800
Nijmegen6,280
Groningen6,160
Breda5,870
Tilburg5,560
Almere4,280
Almere Stad4,278
MetricValuePeriodSource
Burglaries per 100,000 residents143.2 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024NL-CBS-83651NED-202421Official
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents8,200 offences per 100,000country median 3,09031 Dec 2024CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 20249Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents871.9 incidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024NL-CBS-83648NED-202420Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport29 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat23Official
Nearest airportRTM13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv24Official
Distance to nearest airport1.6 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv24Official
Public transport monthly pass99 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo42Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context

Language courses and integration in Rotterdam

0 exact private or nonprofit provider records are linked to this city as supplemental evidence. Check the linked source for dates, availability and enrolment.

Verified locally
4publicly funded course providers

Inburgering010 Rotterdam — Integration course

Gemeente Rotterdam

For newcomers in Rotterdam.

DutchIn Person
Open official information
Check courses in RotterdamHow the country programme works
Exact city-linked records checked 2026-08-10. Provider-supplied records are supplemental and are not presented as official accreditation.

Find courses near Rotterdam

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Rotterdam?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 8.8 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³.

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

  • PM2.5 — annual mean: 8.75 µg/m³ · EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — validated PM2.5 station data11
Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in NetherlandsAnnual PM2.5 in Rotterdam is 8.8 µg/m³. Of 50 cities with data, 19 have annual PM2.5 of 9 to under 10 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
NO₂ — annual mean24 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — NL NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Rotterdam-Oost Sidelinge A13)12Official · nearest-station reading
PM10 — annual mean17 µg/m³31 Dec 2024EEA air quality statistics — NL PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Rotterdam-Oost Sidelinge A13)13Official · nearest-station reading
PM2.5 — annual mean8.75 µg/m³country median 9.031 Dec 2024EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — validated PM2.5 station data11Official
Annual mean temperature (modelled)10.77 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Annual precipitation (modelled)836.4 mm/year2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
January mean temperature (modelled)3.84 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
January minimum temperature (modelled)-8.02 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
July maximum temperature (modelled)33.46 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
July mean temperature (modelled)18.14 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Daily precipitation rate (modelled)2.29 mm/day2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Solar exposure (modelled)3.03 kWh/m²/day2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology19Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Average daytime high by monthJan 6.4 · Feb 7.1 · Mar 10.3 · Apr 14.3 · May 17.9 · Jun 20.6 · Jul 22.7 · Aug 22.6 · Sep 19.3 · Oct 14.9 · Nov 10.2 · Dec 7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station RotterdamTheHagueAp_06344.csv30Official · nearest-station reading
Average night-time low by monthJan 1.3 · Feb 1.1 · Mar 2.7 · Apr 4.8 · May 8.1 · Jun 11 · Jul 13.4 · Aug 13.2 · Sep 10.7 · Oct 7.6 · Nov 4.4 · Dec 1.9 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station RotterdamTheHagueAp_06344.csv30Official · nearest-station reading
Average temperature by monthJan 4 · Feb 4.3 · Mar 6.7 · Apr 9.7 · May 13.2 · Jun 16 · Jul 18.2 · Aug 18 · Sep 15.1 · Oct 11.4 · Nov 7.5 · Dec 4.7 °C1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station RotterdamTheHagueAp_06344.csv30Official · nearest-station reading
Average precipitation by monthJan 70.8 · Feb 65.9 · Mar 56.5 · Apr 42.1 · May 55.7 · Jun 68.6 · Jul 78.6 · Aug 91.9 · Sep 90.3 · Oct 87.3 · Nov 87.6 · Dec 86.2 mm1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station RotterdamTheHagueAp_06344.csv30Official · nearest-station reading
Average sunshine by monthJan 69.6 · Feb 89.9 · Mar 143.4 · Apr 192.9 · May 226.2 · Jun 216 · Jul 221.2 · Aug 202.5 · Sep 152.9 · Oct 115.1 · Nov 66.8 · Dec 55.5 hours1991–2020WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station RotterdamTheHagueAp_06344.csv30Official · nearest-station reading

Population and city profile

The city covered 324.1 km² in 2026. Population density was 2,217 people per km² in 2026.

How many people live in Rotterdam?

The published population was 673,804 people in January 2026. Source: CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Rotterdam (GM0599)6

Foreign residents and their share come from different publications that count different groups (for example citizens of another country, or people born abroad, or of foreign origin), so 385,206 is not 11.7% of the population. Each row names its source.

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Addresses per km²4,153 addresses/km²27 Aug 2026CBS2Official
Area304.2 km²9 Jun 2026Wikidata (P2046)44Independent · gemeente
Cars per 1,000 residents371.8 cars/1000 residents1 Jan 2025CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population.7Official
City area324.1 km²28 Jan 2026Kadaster BRK Bestuurlijke Gebieden, current municipality boundary polygon in EPSG:28992; area is the polygon area converted from m² to km².17Official
Foreign-resident share11.7 %31 Dec 2024Eurostat14Official
Foreign residents385,206 people1 Jan 2025CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population.7Official
Population density2,217 people/km²9 Jun 2026CBS2Official · gemeente
Population673,804 people9 Jun 2026CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Rotterdam (GM0599)6Official
Foreign residents over time10 published observations, 2014–2025

Foreign residents rose 522.4% between 2014 and 2025, from 61,894 to 385,206.

International community in Rotterdam

Named groups from exact city-grain official distributions. Citizenship, birthplace, language and ancestry answer different questions and stay separate.

Country of birth

Population registered in Dutch municipalities; CBS population on 1 January · 2026-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Born in the Netherlands442,57665.7%
Born outside the Netherlands231,22834.3%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source27

Citizenship

Residents in the Dutch population register; 1 January · 2025-01-01

Published groupPeopleShare
Totaal672,960100.0%
Nederlands567,56684.3%
Totaal niet-Nederlandse nationaliteit105,39415.7%
Europa (exclusief Nederlands)59,7958.9%
Europese Unie (exclusief Nederlands)51,5437.7%
Buiten-Europa43,4426.5%
Azië29,4264.4%
Midden- en Oost-Europese nat. in de EU25,7193.8%
Azië (exclusief Indonesisch en Turks)18,9422.8%
GIPS-Nationaliteiten in de EU16,6502.5%
Show 55 more groups
Published groupPeopleShare
Pools11,7621.7%
Turks9,5011.4%
Afrika7,9111.2%
Amerika5,8910.9%
Bulgaars5,5980.8%
Portugees5,3950.8%
Amerika en Oceanië (exclusief Surinaams)4,5550.7%
Afrika (exclusief Marokkaans)4,3950.7%
Spaans4,2570.6%
Italiaans4,0610.6%
Syrisch4,0570.6%
Chinees4,0180.6%
Burger van Bondsrepubliek Duitsland3,7600.6%
Oekraïens3,6870.5%
Marokkaans3,5160.5%
Grieks2,9370.4%
Roemeens2,8600.4%
Indiaas2,8390.4%
Staatloos / onbekend2,1570.3%
Frans1,9600.3%
Brits1,8300.3%
Hongaars1,7850.3%
Surinaams1,5500.2%
Belgisch1,4600.2%
Amerikaans1,2060.2%
Russisch1,1340.2%
Iraans1,1260.2%
Braziliaans1,0790.2%
Indonesisch9830.1%
Lets9010.1%
Litouws8600.1%
Pakistaans8580.1%
Kroatisch7320.1%
Japans6860.1%
Zuid-Afrikaans6750.1%
Jemenitisch6540.1%
Eritrees5880.1%
Vietnamees5830.1%
Slowaaks5760.1%
Iers5240.1%
Filippijns5120.1%
Afghaans4730.1%
Zuid-Koreaans4490.1%
Nigeriaans4350.1%
Colombiaans3420.1%
Egyptisch3370.1%
Zweeds3290.0%
Tsjechisch3250.0%
Oostenrijks3070.0%
Canadees2990.0%
Iraaks2820.0%
Thais2640.0%
Oceanië2140.0%
Ghanees1970.0%
Somalisch1620.0%

Largest published groups; zero-count groups are omitted. Dimensions are source-native and are never merged. Official source26

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average download speed, 2024250 Mbps31 Dec 2024ACM1Official
Average assessed property value (WOZ)221 kEUR31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official
Jobs423,200 jobs31 Dec 2024CBS — Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek5Official
5G network availabletrue31 Dec 2024ACM1Official
Average fibre-to-the-premises coverage95 %31 Dec 2024ACM1Official
Owner-occupied homes35 pct31 Dec 2020CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek3Official
Universities1 count3 Aug 2026DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)10Official

Alternatives for people set on Rotterdam

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Utrecht as a Rotterdam alternative in the same region

51 km away, better on 4 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Nearest airport: 34.4 km Utrecht vs 1.6 km Rotterdam+2050%
  • Unemployment: 4.3% Utrecht vs 5.4% Rotterdam−20%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 6,800 Utrecht vs 8,200 Rotterdam−17%
  • Residents: 378,121 Utrecht vs 673,804 Rotterdam−44%
  • Basic utilities, 85 m²: €209 Utrecht vs €264 Rotterdam−21%
  • Transport pass: €120 Utrecht vs €99 Rotterdam+21%
  • A meal out: €20 Utrecht vs €23 Rotterdam−13%
Full comparisonMore about Utrecht

Zaanstad as a Rotterdam alternative in the same country

63 km away, better on 3 of 5 metrics measured the same way, worse on 2.

  • Nearest airport: 17.9 km Zaanstad vs 1.6 km Rotterdam+1019%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 4,630 Zaanstad vs 8,200 Rotterdam−44%
  • Unemployment: 3.6% Zaanstad vs 5.4% Rotterdam−33%
  • Annual PM2.5: 7.8 µg/m³ Zaanstad vs 8.8 µg/m³ Rotterdam−11%
  • Foreign residents: 11.1% Zaanstad vs 11.7% Rotterdam−5%
Full comparisonMore about Zaanstad

Valencia as a Rotterdam alternative in another country

A move, not a commute, at 1436 km, better on 4 of 5 metrics measured the same way, worse on 1. Rent and recorded crime, per 100k cannot be compared like for like.

  • Nearest airport: 9.2 km Valencia vs 1.6 km Rotterdam+475%
  • Rent: €8.20/m² (2024) Valencia vs €28.97/m² (2025) Rotterdamno percentage
  • Transport pass: €35 Valencia vs €99 Rotterdam−65%
  • Basic utilities, 85 m²: €140 Valencia vs €264 Rotterdam−47%
  • Foreign residents: 15.7% Valencia vs 11.7% Rotterdam+34%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 7,592 Valencia vs 8,200 Rotterdamno percentage
  • A meal out: €15 Valencia vs €23 Rotterdam−35%
Full comparisonMore about Valencia

Cities near Rotterdam

Published cities within 25 km, nearest first. Distances are straight-line.

Alternative cities in Netherlands

Other cities in Netherlands to compare with Rotterdam, nearest in population first.

All Netherlands cities
The Hague569,468 residentsAmsterdam934,526 residentsUtrecht378,121 residentsEindhoven249,783 residentsGroningen244,427 residentsAlmere232,619 residents

How does Rotterdam compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Rotterdam's.

Open the full comparison

Rotterdam in rankings

#2 of 30 in Largest cities in Netherlands #9 of 30 in Most international cities in Netherlands #14 of 27 in Major cities where the modelled January mean stays above freezing #17 of 30 in Major cities with the highest modelled annual precipitation #20 of 30 in Cities with the largest foreign populations #21 of 30 in Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure

Put Rotterdam's key facts on your site — a card with this page's figures and a link back, free under CC BY 4.0.

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

How many people live in Rotterdam?

The published population was 673,804 people in January 2026. Source: CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Rotterdam (GM0599).

How much does it cost to rent in Rotterdam?

Average net cold rent is 28.97 EUR/m² per month (2025), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 2,028 EUR a month before utilities. Source: Rent.nl.

Is the air quality good in Rotterdam?

The annual PM2.5 mean is about 8.8 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — validated PM2.5 station data.

How safe is Rotterdam?

Police recorded 8,200 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024.

What is the unemployment rate in Rotterdam?

The unemployment rate is 5.4 % (2024). Source: CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality.

How many foreign residents live in Rotterdam?

385,206 residents hold a foreign nationality. Source: CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population..

Is Rotterdam a good place to live?

Rotterdam may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Which cities are near Rotterdam?

Schiedam, Vlaardingen, Lansingerland, Rhoon, Hoogvliet are near Rotterdam. Typed relationship labels are shown where published; other rows use straight-line distance from admitted coordinates.

How many people born in Born in the Netherlands live in Rotterdam?

The official country of birth distribution records 442,576 people (65.7%) in the source-defined population for 2026-01-01. This is a country of birth measure, not a general estimate of ethnicity or migration status.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 25). Rotterdam, Netherlands: population, rent, salary, jobs [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 774ecbec069f7efc5c2a3f12d10d1766]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/nl/rotterdam/ Retrieved 2026-10-25. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_rotterdam-netherlands-population-rent-salary-jobs_992607048c62,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Rotterdam, Netherlands: population, rent, salary, jobs},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-25},
  version = {774ecbec069f7efc5c2a3f12d10d1766},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/nl/rotterdam/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-25. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Rotterdam, Netherlands: population, rent, salary, jobs](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/nl/rotterdam/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 774ecbec069f7efc5c2a3f12d10d1766; retrieved 2026-10-25; built 2026-10-25.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
  1. ACM acm.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  2. CBS opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  3. CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-11
  4. CBS - Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  5. CBS — Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek CBS · opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-06-12
  6. CBS — Population on 1 January 2026, municipality Rotterdam (GM0599) CBS · opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-08-14
  7. CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population. opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-07-15
  8. CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality CBS labour market in figures 2024 · longreads.cbs.nl · checked 2026-07-26
  9. CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024 CBS StatLine 83648NED · opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-07-26
  10. DUO (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs) duo.nl · checked 2026-08-03
Show 34 more sources
  1. EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics — validated PM2.5 station data EEA Air Quality Annual Statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-26
  2. EEA air quality statistics — NL NO2 annual mean 2024 (station Rotterdam-Oost Sidelinge A13) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  3. EEA air quality statistics — NL PM10 annual mean 2024 (station Rotterdam-Oost Sidelinge A13) EEA air quality statistics · air.discomap.eea.europa.eu · checked 2026-07-31
  4. Eurostat ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-08-02
  5. Farmaceutische zorg — openbare apotheken 2026 Farmaceutische zorg · vzinfo.nl · checked 2026-09-15
  6. GISCO Urban Audit 2021 — Functional Urban Areas (URAU_RG_100K_2021_4326_FUA) GISCO Urban Audit 2021 · gisco-services.ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-19
  7. Kadaster BRK Bestuurlijke Gebieden, current municipality boundary polygon in EPSG:28992; area is the polygon area converted from m² to km². api.pdok.nl · checked 2026-07-15
  8. Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 region - NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O (2022) ec.europa.eu · checked 2026-09-23
  9. NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology NASA POWER · power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-10-25
  10. NL-CBS-83648NED-2024 cbs.nl · checked 2026-09-15
  11. NL-CBS-83651NED-2024 cbs.nl · checked 2026-09-15
  12. oecd.org place coordinates oecd.org · checked 2026-08-28
  13. OpenFlights — routes.dat OpenFlights · raw.githubusercontent.com · checked 2026-07-14
  14. OurAirports — airports.csv OurAirports · davidmegginson.github.io · checked 2026-07-14
  15. Percentage of households in the Dutch municipality with access to a fixed internet connection of at least 1 Gbps (1000 Mbit/s); availability, not subscribed plan, measured speed or FTTH-only coverage. services.arcgis.com · checked 2026-07-15
  16. Statistics Netherlands (CBS) citizenship distribution opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-08-28
  17. Statistics Netherlands (CBS) country of birth opendata.cbs.nl · checked 2026-08-29
  18. Taal — Gemeente Rotterdam Taal · rotterdam.nl · checked 2026-09-16
  19. UWV — Rotterdam work locations UWV · uwv.nl · checked 2026-09-15
  20. WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 — station RotterdamTheHagueAp_06344.csv WMO Climatological Normals 1991-2020 · ncei.noaa.gov · checked 2026-07-31
  21. Woonlasten huishoudens; kenmerken huishouden, woning, gemeente cbs.nl · checked 2026-09-12
  22. Ziekenhuislocaties 2025 vzinfo.nl · checked 2026-09-15
  23. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  24. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  25. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  26. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  27. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  28. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  29. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  30. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  31. Coordinate identity evidence wikidata.org · checked 2026-09-06
  32. Numbeo numbeo.com · checked 2026-08-03
  33. Rent.nl rent.nl · checked 2026-08-04
  34. Wikidata (P2046) wikidata.org · checked 2026-07-14

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